KRILOPKA, an inconsiderable river of the steppe or desert. It was once intended to join the springs of this stream with the Ingul, which falls into the Bog. The junction of the rivers of the steppe will ever be a most difficult task; as they are, properly speaking, only torrents, and mostly dry in summer. To effect the object in view, it was found necessary to dig 100 feet in depth, which was impracticable; but could the project be executed, the passage over the Cataracts of the Dnieper would have been avoided, and the Port of Nicholaef1 gained inestimable advantages. VORSKLA, considerable, but possesses traffic: passing near Putiava, it could be made navigable to the town Aktiar of the Ukraine. OREL, only a torrent.

SAMARA could be improved, and no doubt will

be considered in future: it is considerable; and though a stream of the desert, its water never fails. Until this time it has never been frequented; but the discovery of some coal mines, in the neighbourhood of Paflograd, will inevitably render the navigation of this river of the greatest consequence for the conveyance of coals to the Dnieper; particularly so, as the country is bare of wood for fuel.

(1) See Mr. Corner's Note in p. 468.

LAURA, TAMALKALKA,

BASAVLOUK,

KON

SKAYA.-Merely torrents of the steppe, and hardly capable of being improved.

INGULETZ, a considerable river of the steppe: it has not been frequented hitherto, for want of hands, the country being uninhabited. In process of time, it may serve for the conveyance of stone, and even coal, in proportion as the population increases. Grazing sheep and oxen near it, for which it is particularly adapted, will open a new trade, in wool, skins, cheese, tallow, salt beef, &c.

BUGG, or BOG, the Hypanis of Strabo, falls into

the leman of the Dnieper, not far from the mouths of this river, thirty versts above Oczakof. It is one of the principal rivers of the country, and vessels of war may go up 150 versts: beyond this, it becomes a torrent for 3 or 400 versts, full of cataracts, and can only be made navigable at an expense and labour that would never produce equivalent advantages. Were there any practicable or reasonable means of improving this river, Nicholaef would be greatly benefited by the conveyance of naval stores from Podolia and Volhynia.

RIVERS falling into the BOG.

The INGUL, an extensive river. A junction

The

with the Dnieper was thought of, but found totally impracticable, from the height of its shore, as well as its shallows. At Elizabeth, it has a sufficiency of water; and by the means of twenty sluices, on the English plan, might be made navigable as far as Nicholaef, where the docks, magazines, &c. for the navy, are situate; which port would be of the greatest importance, could a proper communication with the interior, by water, be established; but the difficulties, both on the Bog and Ingul, put an absolute bar to the project, and the Dnieper is its only resource. passage from this river, through the Leman to the Bog, is extremely dangerous for vessels of the construction in use on the Dnieper, and perfectly impracticable for floats of timber. Another great inconvenience attends this port, its distance from the entrance of the Bog, an hundred versts, where almost every wind of the compass is necessary, and the least gale exposes the ships to great detention. The river being extremely broad, and the channel, or chief passage, nearly in the middle, with little water on either shore, towing becomes impossible for vessels drawing more than two feet and a half water. Ships are towed up by boats, with such a waste of time, that two voyages may be

sometimes made to Donstf". during the period employed in going up the Lower Bog to Nicholaef. TEDOROVSKAYA, TITAKLI, MERLVAYAVODA, the two TARTALY, KORABELNAYA-insignificant streams of the steppe.

The SINUCHA, a small marshy, stagnated rivulet. It was thought practicable here, by means of a Canal of five or six versts, to unite the Dniester with the Bog, between the Kodima and the Yaourlina. But a hill, and the necessity of a great number of sluices on the Yaourlina, which, notwithstanding, abounds in water, made the enterprise very difficult. Were the country more peopled, and afforded more products, this plan might have been executed at present it is impossible. The Upper Bog has many other branches, which have more water, in general, than the streams of the steppe; their sources being in the hills of Podolia and Volhynia, which form a part of the chain of the mountains of Karabat. Till the Bog be made navigable, it is needless to think of improving these rivers, although they water the most fruitful provinces of the whole empire.

From the Dnieper to the Dniester, the boundary of the empire on that side, are many rivers, or rather lemans and bays, which join the Euxine,

and go up go up the country a considerable way; but, in general, their estuaries are nearly choked with sand; this, in a manner, separates some entirely from the sea; and those that have visible communication, possess, for some versts, not above two or three feet of water at their mouths. The moving sands prevent improvement, or any attempt to effect a practicable passage into those bays, which, but for that circumstance, would become safe and convenient ports or havens. In some of them salt may be procured.

Among the rivulets, bays, or lemans, on the coast of the Black Sea, is the Gulph or Leman of Beresanskoy, with the rivulet of the desert of the same name. This stream is of no other use but to water cattle, and requires more than human art to be made navigable. The leman extends itself about forty versts into the country: it is of considerable depth, and about two versts broad near Oczakof: it might have supplied this place with a port, were not its entrance choked, for a considerable space, with quicksand. It produces fish, and also salt.

YATCHIKRAK THE LITTLE, a torrent falling into the Beresan.

TELEGUL, equal to the Lake or Leman Beresan in extent, is divided, in general, from the sea by a sand-bank of three or four versts, excepting only one stream of communication,