De his, quæ non sunt in rerum naturâ.

§ VII. Ea quoque rés, quæ in rerum naturâ non est, si modò futura est, rectè legatur; veluti fructus, qui in illo fundo nati erunt, aut quod ex illâ ancilla natum erit.

§ 7. Things, which exist only in possibility, may be bequeathed: as the fruits, which shall grow on such a spot of ground; or the offspring, which shall be born of a purticular slave.

De eâdem re duobus legatâ·

§ VIII. Si eadem res duobus legata sit, sive conjunctim, sive disjunctim, si ambo perveniant ad legatum, scinditur inter eos legatum: si alter deficiat, quia aut spreverit legatum, aut vivo testatore decesserit, vel alio quoquo modo defecerit, totum ad collegatarium pertinet. Conjunctim autem legatur, veluti si quis dicat, Titio et Seio hominem Stichum do, lego: disjunctim ita, Titio hominem Stichum do, lego: Seio hominem Stichum do, lego. Sed et, si expresserit eundum hominem Stichum, æque disjunctim legatum intelligitur.

§ 8. When the same specific legacy is left to two persons, either conjunctively or disjuncțively, and both are willing to accept, it must be divided between them. But, should one of the legatees die in the lifetime of the testator, or dislike his legacy, or be by any means prevented from taking it, the whole vests in his co-legatee. A legacy thus worded, is in the conjunctive, I give and bequeath my slave STICHUS to TITIUS and SEIUS: but if thus, in the disjunctive, I give and bequeath my slave STICHUS to TITIUS: I give and bequeath my slave STICHUS to SEIUS. Although the testator add, that he gives the same slave STICHUS to SEIUS, yet the legacy would be understood in the disjunctive.

Si legatarius proprictatem fundi alieni sibi legatis emerit et ususfructus ad eam pervenerit.

IX. Si cui fundus alienus legatus sit, et emerit proprietatem deducto usufructu, et ususfructus ad cum pervenerit, et postea ex testamento agat, rectè eum agere et fundum petere Julianus ait; quia ususfructus in petitione servitutis locum obtinet: sed officio judicis conti

§ 9. If a man bequeath to any one the ground of another, and the legatee purchase the property without the usufruct, which afterwards accrues to him, it is said by Julianus, that he may sue under the testament, and demand the ground; because the usufruct is regarded as a service on

netur, ut deducto usufructu jubeat ly. But it is the duty of a judge, in æstimationem præstari.

this case, to order the price of the property to be paid, deducting the value of the usufruct.

De re legatarii.

X. Sed, si rem legatarii quis ei legaverit, inutile est legatum; quia, quod proprium est ipsius, amplius ejus fieri non potest: et licèt alienaverit eam, non debetur, nec ipsa res, nec æstimatio ejus.

§ 10. A man uselessly bequeaths to another, what already belongs to him; for what is already the property of a legatee, can not become more so. And, although the legatee should, after the bequest, aliene the thing bequeathed, neither the thing itself, nor the value of it, would become due to him.

Si quis rem suam, quasi non suam, legaverit.

§ XI. Si quis rem suam quasi alienam legaverit, valet legatum: nam plus valet quod in veritate est, quam quod in opinione. Sed et, si legatarii esse putavit, valere constat; quia exitum voluntas defuncti habere potest.

11. If a testator bequeath what is his own, as if it were the property of another, the bequest would be good; for truth is more prevalent than what is founded upon opinion only. But although the testator imagine, that what he bequeaths, belongs already to the legatee, yet, if it do not, it is certain, that such a legacy would also be valid; because the will of the deceased can thus take effect.

De alienatione et oppignoratione rei legatæ. XII. Si rem suam legaverit testator, posteaque eam alienaverit, Celsus putat, si non adimendi animo vendidit, nihilominės deberi: idemque Divi Severus et Antoninus rescripserunt. Iidem rescripserunt, eum, qui post testamentum factum prædia, quæ legata erant, pignori dedit, ademisse legatum non videri: et ideò legatarium cum hærede ejus agere posse, ut prædia

12. If a testator bequeath his own property, and afterwards alien, it is the opinion of CELSUS, that the thing bequeathed will become due to the legatee, if the testator did not dispose of it, with an intention to oust him. The emperors Severus and Antoninus have published their rescript to this effect; and they have also signified by another rescript that a legacy afterwards pawned or

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pervenerit, à quâ incipere non po- in the life-time of the testator, the

test.

lagacy would nevertheless be effec-
tual, because it was once good; which
is true.
For we are not satisfied

with the opinion that a legacy once
good, may afterwards become extinct,
by falling into a state, from which
it could not have taken a legal com-

mencement.

De dote uxori legatâ.

XV. Sed, si uxori maritus dotem legaverit, valet legatum: quia plenius est legatum, quam de dote actio. Sed, si, quam non accepit, dotem legaverit, Divi Severus et Antoninus rescripserunt, siquidem simplicitèr legaverit, inutile esse legatum; si verò certa pecunia, vel certum corpus, aut instrumenta dotis in prælegando demonstrata sunt, valere legatum.

§ 15. If a man bequeath to his wife her marriage portion, it is valid: for the legacy is more beneficial than the action she might maintain for the recovery of her portion. But, if he bequeath to his wife her marriage portion, never actually received, the emperors Severus and Antoninus have declared by their rescript, that, if it be left simply without any specification of a sum certain, the legacy is void; but if any sum, or thing be specified, or if the instruments, in which the exact value of the portion is mentioned, be referred to, the legacy is valid.

De interitu et mutatione rei legatæ.

XVI. Si res legata sinè facto hæredis perierit, legatario decedit. Et, si servus alienus legatus sinè facto hæredis manumissus fuerit, non tenetur hæres. Si verò heredis servus legatus sit, et ipse eum manumiserit, teneri eum, Julianus scripsit: nec interest, sciverit, an ignoraverit, à se eum legatum esse. Sed et, si alii, donaverit servum, et is, cui donatus est, eum manumise

§ 16. If a thing bequeathed should perish before delivery, without fault of the heir, the loss falls upon the legatee. And, if the slave of another, who is bequeathed, should be manumitted, the heir not being privy to the manumission, he can be subject to no action. But, if a testator bequeath the slave of his heir, who afterwards manumits that slave, it is the opinion of JULIAN, that the Y

rit, tenetur hæres ; quamvis ignoraverit, à se eum legatum esse.

De interitu quarundam XVII. Si quis ancillas cum suis natis legaverit, etiamsi ancillæ mortuæ fuerint, partus legato cedunt. Idem est, et si ordinarii servi cum vicariis legati fuerint: quia, licèt mortui sint ordinarii, tamen vicarii legato cedunt. Sed, si servus fuerit cum peculio legatus, mortuo servo, vel manumisso, vel alienato, peculii legatum extinguitur. Idem est, si fundus instructus, vel cum instrumento, legatus fuerit; nam, fundo alienato, et instrumenti legatum extinguitur.

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heir is answerable; whether he knew of the legacy or not. Also, if the heir hath made a present of a slave bequeathed, and the donee hath manumitted him, the heir is liable, although ignorant of the bequest.

ex pluribus rebus legatis.

§ 17. If a testator bequeath his female slaves and their offspring, although the slaves die, their issue becomes due to the legatee: and so, if ordinary slaves,are bequeathed together with vicarial; for although the ordinary slaves die, yet the vicarial slaves will pass by virtue of the bequest. But, where a slave is bequeathed with his peculium, and afterwards dies, or is manumitted, or aliened, the legacy of the peculium becomes extinct. The consequences will be the same, if a piece of ground is bequeathed with the instruments for improving it; for, if the testator aliens the ground, the legacy of the instruments of husbandry is of course extinguished.

De grege legato.

§ XVIII. Si grex legatus fuerit, et postea ad unam ovem pervenerit, quod superfuerit, vindicari potest. Grege autem legato etiam eas oves, quæ post testamentum factum gregi adjiciuntur, legato cedere Julianus ait. Est autem gregis unum corpus ex distantibus captibus, sicut ædium unum corpus est ex cohærentibus lapidibus.

§ 18. If a flock is bequeathed, and afterwards reduced to a single sheep, that sheep is claimable; and, if a flock receive an addition, after it hath been bequeathed, this addition will also, according to Julian, enure to the legatee. For a flock is deemed one body, consisting of separate members, as a house is reckoned one body, composed of materials, joined together and adhering.