Paul's church yard, fpread to other facred vicinities; St. Dunstan's cemetary, in Fleet-ftr.; Black Friers, Grey Friers, St. Faith's, and, in the end, to Britain's Burfe, Cornhill, Poultry, Duck-lane, New Exchange,† Gaiter's-place, Barbican, &c. The law printers, bookfeilers, and ftationers obtained fhops near the Temple, in Chancery-lane, and in Holborn; and the bookfellers and printers were, in confiderable numbers, fettled in Little-Britain, a very favourite place with them. I do not perceive that our British Solomon, an author himself, made any great change in matters of this kind; as fcience enlarged itself, learning fpread, and books were multiplied. The company of ftationers had expreffed to Elizabeth their hardfhips, in expending money in the purchase of manufcripts, and yet were forbidden to print and publish; but they rather asked for their rights, as favours, than demanded them, As the riches of individuals would admit, they engaged in works of greater moment; but in Elizabeth's reign monopolies were pretty general; particular perfons obtained peculiar privilges,-privileges which feemed evidently to trench upon the charter granted by Philip and Mary. As head of the Anglican church, it was perhaps neceffary to fee that the fcriptules and fome other church books fhould be, as it were, under the royal eye, as well as proclamations. Cawood and Jugge had thefe departments; the Latin books for fchools were given to Marfh; the New Teftament and fome others were granted to Vautroller, a foreigner. The Seres or Sieres, had the printing of fakers, primers, prayer-books, and fume other kind of books; the elder Seres having been fecretary Cecil's fervant, weil accounts for this advantage. Flower, a gentleman, obtained leave to exclufively print a grammar, and fome other forts of books. Tothill had the law department. Byrde, a mutician, all books upon mufic. Day had catechifms the patron of both, as having given and the A B C bufinefs; and, laftly, to us iflanders what we have fince, > almanacks and prognoftications, in happier days, received. 1 much in vogue, were affigned to Roberts and Watkins. Thefe laft articles, as trenching upon the inferior members of the ftationer's company, were peculiar hardships. Though there were fo many refrictions, yet the company gradually extended itfelf, and at the end of Elizabeth's long reign had been enlarged and enriched. The trades were generally in particular families, their connexions, or other, to whom, for a valuable confideration, they had been affigned. The trades, first fettled in St At the commencement of Charles I.'s reign, much difcontent fhewed itself. The monarch, elegant, and a lover of learning and the arts, withed to be, in Britain, what the family of the Medici had been to Tufcany. Had prerogative and liberty then been duly defined, Britain would have regarded his majefty as Literature was amongst the first objects of Charles's care, for he was himfelf attentive to the style of his own proclamations, and other public papers, more than his enemies thought confiftent with the regal dignity; yet, as if profe and verfe altered the cafe, he reproved one of his courtiers for too much attention to the mufes. He loved the elegant mafque, but the bard, even a Milion, N T E S. The regarded only as a poetizing fer vant. To benefit his Englith univerfities, he prohibited all Latin books, reprinted abroad, which had been first printed at Oxford or Cambridge; but to prevent mistakes, his majefty commanded, April 1, 1625, that the master and warden of the flationer's company, in London, fhould have monthly certificates of the works the universities printed, figned by the vice-chancellors of thofe feminaries of learning. I do not fee any improper Aretch of the prerogative in Charles; relative to the ftationer's company; he gave indeed a patent to George Sandys, efq. on April, 24, 1626, to print and publifh, exclufively, his tranflation of 'Ovid's Metamorphofis, for fifteen years; to Caleb Morley, a. m. a patent, dated March 9, 1627, for twenty-one years, to publifh his invention, as an help to memory, to ground fcholars in English, Latin, and other languages, if the fame fhould be approved by the teftimony of twelve grammarians. To George Rodolph Weekherlin, April 5, 1631, to publifh feveral of the Latin claffics, for thirty-one years to him and his affigns, with a penalty of forty thillings for every book which should be printed by any other perfon infringing, upon his patent. Some of the Latin claffics were, by a grant, dated April 6, 1632, only to be published by the very learned Thomas Farnaby, efq* whofe term N T E. was twenty-one years; and the rev. Francis Holyoak,* July 4, 1635 had a privy feal to print and publi his Dictionarium Etymologicum La tinum for fourteen years. Such ex clufive privileges had been given in every reign fince printing becam well known, and the patent grante Aug. 18, 1635, to Will. Barith waite, reader and fchoolmaster, for printing and felling his books, con tainin N от E S. foon tired him. Joining Drake and Haw kins, he braved the ocean. Sick of tl failor's life, he fought against the Span ards in the Netherlands. Learning length won the palm. Landing in gre diftrefs in the west of England, he amoms the furname of Baynraf, the anagram) his own. His poverty was fo great, th he was obliged to wander from village village, teaching the horn-book to the co tageis children for a precarious brea At length at Martock in the county of S merfet, he gained a refpectable fchoc which, under him, flourished to muc that it obtained the highest reputation Removing to London, he kept an acaden in Goldfmith's, rents, behind Redcrof treet, where he inftructed, at one tim and gentry. Cambridge gave him the de about three hundred fons of the nobilit gree of a. m. and Oxford incorporated hin From peculiar reafons in 1636, he went t Sevenoak, in Kent, where his school sti to fatal to learning, ruined him. Impr flourishing, he grew rich. The civil wa foned by the parliamentarians, he wa fome time in Newgate, and thence fent o board a veffel, and it was moved that h fhould be tranfported to America, but a length he was fent to Ely-house, where h died in confinement, June 11, 1647 afte he had been there about a year. emains repofe in the chancel of Sevenoa Hi church. Such was the fad fate of the mol * Mr. Farnaby's hiflory is fo extraordi- celebrated grammarian, rhetorician, poet nary, that I cannot but fketch its outlines. Latinitt, and Grecian in the kingdom, an His great-grandfather was an Italian mu. only because he had declared, when he de fician, his grandfather was mayor of Truclined taking the proteftation, that it wa rò, in Cornwall, and his father a carpenter in London, where he was born, in 1575; from thence he went to Merton college, in Oxford; his pregnant abilities gained him the love and friendship of the Learned mr. French, one of the fellows, who chote him his poft matter and fervitor. Gaily volatile, he quitted Britain and proteftantifm for Spain and popery. He found an afylum amongst the jefuits. Reftraint better to have one king than five hundred He had two wives; one the daughter o John Pierce, the other the daughter of dr Howion, bishop of Durham. The grandfon of this marriage, Charles Farnaby, efq. was fit knighted, and then created a baronet, by George I. The family has taken the name of Radcliffe. The family of Holyoak ftill remain in Warwick hire. I knew feveral of them, taining an cafy method to facilitate learning mufic, both by voice and inftrument, and his invention to exprefs long and fhort fyllables in the Greek and Latin languages, by the letters themselves, without the accents, to the great advantage of poetry, oratory, and the graceful pronunciation of thofe tongues, feemed a tribute due to him, whatever the intrinfc merit was. been furreptitiously printed. Sir Richard Knightley, at Faufley, had iffued fome, for which he had been brought before the ftar chamber. Papers were now, in like manner, iffued against the church and the crown. I mention the church first, becaufe that was first attacked, and it was by defiroying the altar, that the puritans only could hope to deftroy the throne. So early, however, as 1629-30, a proclamation iffued to forbid the felling Appello Cæfarem. The chief obliquy was notwithstanding levelled at archbishop Laud. I have feen many of the libels against that imprudent, fuperftitious, unfortunate primate. The people, once breaking the bound of allegiance, went from one open act of treafon to another. The prefs, which had been too much fettered, though I believe innocently, now knew no moderation. John Wolf, a fishmonger, in the reign of the imperious Elizabeth, had dared alike to defy her, and the ftationer's company. What then would not printers now do; folicited, courted, bribed by the city, the par liament, and afterwards by the army? There was no libel, but what printers were found to print, nor bookfellers to vend. So early as November, 1633, one Green came to court, at St. James', with a great fword by his fide, fwearing the king fhould do him juftice against the archbifhop, or he would take another courte with the prelate; all the harm fays the metropolitan, that, I ever did to him, was, that being a poor printer, I procured him, of the com The parliament had feized upon the pulpits, and they determined to cbtain the printing-preffes. With out this vehicle, the founding boards' would be of little avail. No book could be published by authority, unless the bishop of London's chaplains had given it their fiat. The war which broke out had for its pretence religion. The first notice relative to printing and publishing books was in 1629, when mr. Selden, in parliament, ftated that the printers and bookfellers complained that they were prohibited printing and difpofing of works against popery and arminianifm. That gentleman obferved to the house of commons, that there was no law to prevent printing any book in England, only a decree in the ftar chamber; he therefore moved to make a law to regulate printing; becaufe, otherwife, a man may be fined, imprifoned, and his goods taken from him, by virtue of a decree, though it is an invafion upon the liberty of the fubject.* It would have been well if the court had liftened to this, and other reafonable propofitions, in the beginning; it would have prevented, perhaps, thofe enormities which, in the end, were fo fatal to the conftitution, by the parliament firft, and by the army, their employers, afterward. So early as the reign of Elizabeth, anti-religious and political tracts had N O T E. Mr. Selden was wrongfully imprifoned about a work written by another; but great was the refpect paid him in confinement, by the king, that it added to his fame. pany of ftationers, 51. during his life.' This man was, as he ought, committed to Newgate. Succefs feems, with the victorious, to legalize crimes. The parliament, in February, 1648-9, appointed a commutee to punith the authors and publishers of a loyal pamphlet, and fuch other perfons as had preached, printed, or published, feditioufly, the proceedings again bringing the king to juftice, and to prepare an act to retrain the preaching and printing any thing against the house, and the high court of juftice!!! Such was republican liberty. They did, however, fome time after, to the confufion of the furvivors, find their acts brought forth to confront them. Thefe champions of pe ty hid, in 1645, appointed a comitee to discover fcandalous wets, that they might, punitha. os, printers, and publife Such were the ideas of thefe Goluche of freedom refpecting the i the prefs; after the prefs had a genere, executed their dirty work. (To be concluded in our next.) Chronological Table of Remarkable ANUARY. 23. A dreadful accident happened, in the Old Bailey at the execution of Holloway and Haggerty for the mur der of mr. Steele in Nov. 1802, and Elizabeth Godfrey for ftabbing Richard Prince; when, from the prodigious preffure of the crowd, 28 perfons loft their lives, and ftill greater nunbers were dreadfully bruifed and wounded. 25-28. The unfuccefsful attempt on the Dardanelles and the city of Conftantinople made by the fquadron under J. T. Duckworth. MARCH. 6-11. The trial of fir Home Popham by a court martial, for quitting his ftation with the fquadron under his command, without orders or authority from his fuperiors; of which charge he was found guilty, and adjudged to be feverely reprimanded. 20. The city of Alexandria in Egypt furrendered to the English troops under major general Frazer. 25. The late miniftry refigned their offices by his majefty s command; when the duke of Portland was appointed fit lord of the treafury; lord Hawkesbury, lord Caflercagh, and mr. Canning, fecretaries of Itate; and (on the 27th) mr. Percival chancellor of the exchequer 17. The parliament prorogued. 29 The proclamation of the diffolution of parliament ligned by his ma 1. NOTICE fent into the city by lord Howick, the fecretary of state, that the treaty of amity, navigation, and commerce between England and jelly. the united states, had been figned the day preceding by the commiffioners 2. A duel was fought near Combe respectively appointed for that pur-Wood between fir Francis Burdett pote by both governments. 5. Breflau, in Silefia, furrendered to the French under Jerome Bonaparte. 24. Mr. Chivers, of Clapham common, killed by his gardener. FEBRUARY. 3. The battle of Eylau between the French and Ruffians fought: the flaughter was very great on both fides, and both clained the victory. MAY. and mr. Paul, when mr. Paull was feverely wound in the leg, and fir Francis thot through the upper part of the thigh. 6. The election for the city of London commenced, which was expected to be very warmly contelled; but mr. alderman Hankey, the new candidate died the evening before the poll. 7. The 22. An armiftice concluded between Ruffia and France. 24. The conterence between Bonaparte and the emperor of Ruffia on a raft in the middle of the Niemen. 29. The return of fir Francis Burdett for the city of Weftminster celebrated, on which occafion fir Francis rode in a lofty car from his houfe to the crown and anchor tavern in the Strand. SEPTEMBER. 7. The city of Copenhagen furrendered after a bombardment of three nights, and the English fleet and army took poffeffion of the fleet and arfenals of Denmark, and of the city of Copenhagen. 12. Intelligence received from lieutenant general Whitelocke that an attack made by the British troops on the town of Buenos Ayres havingcompletely failed, a convention had been entered into, to evacuate South America within two months, on condition that all the prifoners fhould be reftored. 18. The powder-mills at Feverfham blew up, and fix men and three horfes were killed. OCTOBER. 2. A comet made its appearance. 15. A dreadful accident happened at Sadler's Wells, in confequence of a falfe alarm of fire, when 18 perfons loft their lives. 30. The king of Spain publified a decree, accuting his fon, the prince of Aufturias, of a confpiracy against his life. NOVEMBER. 5. Another decree published at Madrid, declaring the prince of Aufturias pardoned, he having confeffed his fault, and made known the authors of the plot. DECEMBER. 2. Intelligence received that the emperor of Ruffia had published a declaration announcing his determi nation to break off all communication with England, and recall his am baffador. 19. Lord Strangford arrived from Lifbon with intelligence that the couit of Portugal had embarked, and failed for the Brazils on the 24th of November. Fahionable Afternoon and full Dress. DRESS of fine thin kerfeymere withant fleeves, and a fhort train; the |