when he clearly faw the mode in the most collected and unfhaken cou which he was to be attacked. Ex-fage, at length gave way in every di

tending the infantry and guns from the Kaitna to the village of Affye on the Juah river, at right angles there10, he formed a fecond line, with its left upon Affye and its rear to the Juah, along the bank of which it was lengthened in a wefteriv directi on. In this mafterly position, the British attacked, and advanced under a tremendous fire of nearly 150 pieces of the enemy's ordnance, ferved with a precifion and effect equal to that of any European. The English artillery had alfo opened in their turn upon the enemy, at an interval of about 100 yards; but it produced little effect on his vaft line of infantry, and was rendered incapable of advancing, from the number of men and builocks difabled by the galling difcharges of that of the enemy. Thus circumftanced, the English general refolved to abandon his guns, and try the event of a clofer combat. Accordingly leaving them in the rear, and putting himfelf at the head of his whole line, he advanced with an intrepidity and boldnefs which difina ved the enemy: the right of his line being covered in this fpirited movement by the Britifh cavalry, under the brave colonel Maxwell. Notwithstanding the effect of their powerful artillery, the enemy was unequal to fuch a charge, and was quickly compelled to fall back upon his fecond line, pofted, as we have already faid, in front of the Juah. Here the 74th regiment, which cover ed the right of the British line, fuffer ed fo feverely by the enemy's cannon, that a body of his cavalry was encouraged to charge. But the British horfe, on the right, repulfing it, charged the enemy in turn with fuch refiftlefs vigour, that feveral of their battalions were driven into the Juah with prodigious flaughter. The enemy's line thus broken, and awed by the fteady movement of the British infantry, which fill advanced with . Deecmber, 1808..

rection, and the cavalry, led by col Maxwell, croffing the Juah in purfuit, deftroyed numbers of the ene my's now broken and difperfed infantry.

The fallness of the British force rendered it impoffible for the general to fecure all the advantages of his fuccefs in the heat of the action; fo that fome of the enemy's guns, which had been unavoidably left in the rear, were at this moment turned upon the British troops in advance, by feveral of the Marhatta artillery-men whợ had thrown themselves on the ground during the action, and were paft over unmolefted by the English foldiers; a fratagem not unfrequently practifed by the native-troops of India. Encouraged by this circumftance, fome of the enemy's regular battalions, who had retreated in rather better or der faced about, and thus a fecond action, of a very furious nature while it lafted, commenced, which left the day for fome little time longer doubtful The perfonal gallantry and courage, however, of general Welledey foon determined it ; putting himself at the head of the 78th regiment and the 7th battalion of fepoys, he attacked thofe parties of the enemy who had feized the guns fo brifkly, as to compel them to furren der; though not without fome further lofs, and confiderable perfonal danger to himfeif, having his horfe fhot under him while the gallant colonel Maxwell completed the route of the enemy, by charging with the 19th dragoons thofe battalions which had rallied, which he entirely broke and difperfed, although he unfortunately fell in the onfet. These laik attacks were decitive; the enemy fled in every direction, their dead amounting to 1,200, and the furrounding country ftrewed with their wounded. The fruits of this victory were 98 pieces of cannen, the whole camp 5 B

equipag

equipage of the enemy, all their bullocks and camels, and a vast quantity of ammunition.

:

We have been thus particular in our detail of this memorable achievement, in which a British army of 4.500 men, not 2,000 of whom were Europeans, gained a complete and decifive victory over an enemy whofe force was at leaft 10,000 regular infantry, formed, difciplined, and in part officered by Frenchmen, fupported by the tremendous difcharge of nearly 100 pieces of cannon, ferved with all the precifion and much of the fcience of the French artillery; while bodies of the Marhatta cavalry, to the number of 40,000 men, hovered around, ready to cut in upon and annihilate this handful of heroes, did the smallest mistake or the flight eft, appearance of unsteadiness or diforder occur during the engages ment. In effect, whether the miliary kill and judgment of the leader, the bravery of the troops, the difproportion of numbers, or the brilliant refult, be confidered, the victory of Affye may rank with any one of thofe by which British valour in India has been every where diftinguifhed, and has placed the name of Wellesley on the fame roll of fame with thofe of the illuftrious Clive and Coote in the army of the British empire in India.

Of the conduct, on this occafion, of the fubject of this memoir, the following is the animated picture drawn by an eloquent and able writer: The talents difplayed by general Wellefley on this memorable day were of the higheft order. In his conduct were happily combined a jult conception of the character and capabilities of his enemy, as well as of his own; an accurate knowledge of the ftrength of the pofition which they occupied; and an enterpriling and daring refolution, founded on

IN

T E.

L. D. Campbell, efq, editor of the Anatic Anawal Kegistet.

quick but inftructed judgment and ra« tional felf-confidence, guided by fcientific principles and prudent circumfpection, and kindled by a noble zeal for perfonal fame and national glory."

In confequence of this fignal and fplendid victory, general Wellefley received the public thanks of the governor-general in council, who thus describe in that clearness of detail for which he is fo juftly famed, the confequence of this brilliant day: The important benefits refulting from the triumph of the British arms in the battle of Ayffe are not inferior to the fplendor of action. The immediate confequences derived from the exertions of that day have been the com plete defeat of the combined army of the confederate chieftains; an irrepa rable blow to the strength and effici ency of their military, in the Deccan; the expulfion of a hoftile and predatory army from the territory of our ally, the foubahdar of the Deccan; and a feasonable and effectual check for the ambition, pride, and rapacity of the enemy.'

On the evening of the 24th, the day after the battle, colonel Stevenfon joined with his divifions the treache ry of his guides, and other unexpect ed caufes had occafioned this delay; for which, however, no blame was at all imputable to that brave and ex cellent officer, who was immediately dispatched in purfeit of the enemy, who, having collected together the broken remains of his army, had moved to the weftward, along the courfe of the Tapice river; while general Wellesley himself remained on the heights of Adjuntee, regulat jng his,movements by the approaches which the enemy might mal to the fouthward, and in this fituation he received fome indirect, but vague and futile, overtures from Seindeah ra wards a negociation.

While general Wellesley judiciónfe colonel Stevenson was fuccessfully ly occupied this important polition, emplared

....

解

mployed in the reduction of the city If Boorhunpoor and the fortrefs of Affeer Ghur; the latter hitherto eemed impregnable, and the lofs of vhigh greatly accelerated the termina ion of the campaign.

On the 25th of October, general Wellesley, having heard that the raah of Berar had paffed the hills which form the boundary of Caneith, and was proceeding towards he river Godavery, marched to the outhward from the Adjuntee heights with the main body of the army. On he 29th he reached Aurungabad, where he received intelligence of the ajah having gradually advanced to he eastward, being then at Lakeeaun, about twenty miles north from Pultein, and immediately moved his rmy in pursuit of that chieftain.

The rajal being thus preffed, eneavoured, by every exertion of acti. ity and ftratagem, to elude the Briith force between the night of the 19th of October and that of the 30th, e changed his pofition no iefs than ive times, and, with a view of rawing off the intention of general Wellesley, difpatched a body of 5,000 shofen horfe, under an able officer, to ntercept a large convoy of bullocks and other neceffary fupplies for the British army, diftant but a few days' march. Fully appretiating the views of the enemy, and the character of saptain Baynes, who commanded the Convoy, the general, however, continued to purfue and harass the rajah with unremitting vigour the refult proof of his confummate judgment. Captain Baynes, with a comparativey much inferior force, defeated the nemy's detachment with confiderable daughter, and reached the British camp in perfect fafety.

This event, combined with the increafing terror of the British name, and the almoft unparalleled activity

therefore rapidly retreated towards his own dominions. From that period till the 28th of November, the campaign in this quarter was entirely confined to retreat and purfuit; the British and Berar forces being fcarcely ever more than a day's march apart. This unremitting chafe was through a country hitherto traversed by an English general. Extremely difficult in itfelf, it was infinitely lefs fo to the flying army, who were well acquainted with the local refources of the country, than to that which purfued, who were totally strangers to them. In this novel but arduous fpecies of conteft, the military talents of the fubject of our memoir were emineutly confpicuous. His patience under great difficulties was never exhaufted; fharing the fatigues and privations of the foldiery in the fame degree with the meaneft private, he was at once their example and their: idol: whilft his combined fagacity and activity rendered it impoffible for the enemy to escape, notwithstanding the great and manifold advantages in this mode of warfare poffeffed by the latter.

During this unremitted parfait of the Berar army, Scindeah found it expedient, reduced as he was to the greateft extremity by the briliant and decifive victory of lord Lake in Hindoftan, and thofe of general Wellet-· ley in the Deccan, to fend an ambaffador to the camp of the latter with propofitions of peace; and at length a fufpenfion of hoftilities was agreedupon between that chieftain and the British armies in the Deccan and the Guzerat, the principal condition of which was, that Scindeah's troops: fhoukl occupy a pofition forty miles to the eastward of Elichpoor, and that the British force thould not advance farther into the territories of the former.

of general Wellesley, ftrengthened At length, on the 28th of Novem he rajah's determination of avoiding, her, general Wellelley came up with poffible, a general engagement; he the greateft part of the rajah of Be..

rar's' regular infantry, ftrengthened was formed into two lines, the first by a large party of Seindeah's beft compofed of the infantry, the fecond cavalry; and as the ftipulations of of the cavalry: the right wing was advanced upon the left of the enemy, and the British left wing was fuppon ed by the Myfore horfe. In this or der the whole advanced with the ut moft regularity, steadiness, and intre pidity.

The engagement began by the 74th and 75th regiments being attacked by a large body of Perfians, who, after a defperate conflict, were total. ly deftroyed by those gallant corps. At this moment of time, alfo. the

the truce had not been fulfilled on the part of the latter chieftain, although they had been strictly adhered to by general Wellesley, he determined on attacking this combined force with the utmost celerity, in order to deprive the enemy of the means of retreat or receiving re-enforcements, and in defiance of the remonftrances of the ambaffador Scindeah, then in the English camp. As no treaty whatever exifted with the Berar rajah, and as the terms of the truce with Scin- enemy's cavalry were repulfed in a deah remained yet unacted upon by charge they furiously attempted upont the latter, general Wellesley moved the ift battalion of the 6th regiment forward to Parterly, the confederates of native infantry, on the left of the were encamped, and on his match British line. They, however, once was joined by the divifion under colo- more rallied; when general Wellefnel Sevenfon who had halted for lev; putting himfelf at the head of the that purpose at Andorah: by the British cavalry, charged them with time, however, that the British ar- fuch fury that they broke, and, iny had reached Parterly, the confede- with the whole of the infantry, fled rates had retired, though they were with fuch precipitation as to render clearly difcernible retreating from the it impoffible for the English to purfue top of a lefty tower fituated near the them with any advantage, but they place. were purfued for fome miles by the cavalry, who cut off vaft numbers, and captured the whole of their clephants and baggage, 38 pieces of artillery, and all their ammunition.

From the length of way which the British army had already marched, and the extreme heat of the day, general Wellefley was inclined to poftpone the urfuit of the enemy till the evening; but he had not been long halted, when large bodies of the ene. my's horfe appeared in front: and upon the piquets being pufhed forward in confequence, the whole army of the combined Marhatta chieftains was difcovered at about five miles diftance, extended in a long line of cavalry, infantry, and artille ry in the plains of Argaum. Finding them in this polition, general Wel lefley refolved upon giving them batthe inftantly, and for that purpofe moved on with his whole army in one column, the British cavalry leading the attack, in a direction nearly parallel to the enemy's line. On a nearer approach, the British force

This victory, which was as decifive with refpect to the army of the Berar chieftain as that of the Affye had been to that of Scindeah, was attended with little lofs to the victors. In it the fame clear perception, quick judgment, and prefence of mind which we have already mentioned as diftinguithing the British general, was equally remarkable, whilft his perfonal bravery and skill were most eminently confpicuous. In the charge which he made at the head of the cavalry, having difpofed in their intervals fome galloper guns, when arriv -> ed within a fhort diftance from that of the enemy, he fuddenly hatted his whole line, and ordering the light artillery to advance, he gave the ene

my 'a

when feeing them waver and grow unfteady, he inftantly cut in upon them, and, in an inftant, totally put them to the rout; thus practifing, with entire fuccefs, a manoeuvre equally novel and judicious, and entirely his own.

my's horfe, two or three difcharges; cations of the garrifon with the country to the fouthward, but this leads no farther than the gate, being extremely narrow, the rock fcooped on each fide, and, from its paffing round the weft fide of the fort, is expofed to its fire for a confiderable diftance; the last road to the northern gate leads directly from the village of Lam buda, and the ground along which it is made, is level with that of the fort. (To be continued.)

On Christmas Day.

There remained now, fave the reduction of Gawilghur, hardly any other enterprise worthy of general Wellesley's victorious arms. Upon this measure, therefore, he inftantly determined and, in conjuction with For Walker's Hibernian Magazine, colonel Stevenfon's divifion, arrived before that almoft impregnable fortrefs, the last remaining to the enemy of any importance, on the 7th of December, having dragged the heavy ordnance and neceffary ftores for the fiege over mountains and through ravines, for a diftance of thirty miles, by roads which the troops themfelves were obliged, with infinite difficulty,

to make.

IN this important era of the world, when the prophecies of the Old Teftament are daily fulfilling with regard to the kingdoms and nations of the earth, when I may almost add that the fword of Divine Vengeance is untheathed against those nations whofe fins and iniquities have provoked a long fuffering and gracious Gawilghur has long been celebrat- God to anger, and from the cup of ed by the hiftorian's of the Deccan as iniquity being full has been brought one of the strongest bulwarks of that down his heavy wrath upon them; country. It flands on a high, rocky fteep hill, in the midft of the chain yea even on thofe nations molt partiof mountains between the Taptee and withheld from the people, and where cularly where his facred word was Poonah rivers. There is one com- the traditions of men were counted plete inner fort, which fronts the of more fignification, and held more fouth, where the rock is most inac- worthy of obfervation and more to be ceffible; and this citadel, as it may refpected than the pofitive command be called, is ftrengthened and defended of the great Alpha and Omega, the by an outer fort, which entirely co- firft and the laft. The Almighty vers it to the north and north-weft. and all-powerful creator of Heaven The outer fort has a thick and high and earth, at fuch a time even in wall, which covers the approach to this our day-fuch a period as our it from the north, and all its defences forefathers have never witneffed, when the coloffal power of one obfcure individual; railed from the lowest of the people carries his devaftating fword, and overwhelming armies over the faireft part of Europe, laying waftethe moft delightful part of created nature; and not fatisfied with his already vaft conquefts, threatens (fo infatiable is his ambition,) our land with the fame deveftation and mifery

ftrongly built and fortified by ram parts and towers. To the whole of the fortrefs there are three entrances: one to the fouth, which leads to the inner fort; one to the north-weft, which leads to the outward; and one to the north, which communicates with the third wall. The afcent to the first gate is very long, fteep, and difficult; that to the fecond is by a Load used for the common communi

which