your talents give you a great influence over the nation-employ them for the advantage of the throne, and the laws, which are the fupport of it. Your profperity is equally neceffary to my people and my glory. It will always pleale me to give you proofs of my benevolence.'-To the college of Commercianti, he faid, the greatness of a ftate is particularly advantageous to the profperity of commerce, fo neceffary to the good of agriculture. The laws on which my empire is founded are especially ufeful and honourable to you. I fhall conftantly watch over your interefts. I am pleafed with the fentiments you have just expreffed.'

In the Moniteur of the 7th ult. we find a translation of the English declaration against Ruília; to which are fubjoined a great variety of comments.-The writer denies, by authority, that any fecret engagement was formed, during the conferences at Tilt, which in any way concerned England. The British ftate paper commenced with an affertion, that his majesty knew the hoftile nature of the private engagements at Tilfit. This the French commentator difproves, by our omitting to attack Cronstadt as well as Copenhagen; by our fuffering the Ruffian fleet to pass the ftraits of Gibraltar, and three Ruffian fhips to fail through the blockading fquadron in the Sound; by our requiring the mediation of Ruffia between us and Denmark; and, laftly, by an affertion contained in this very declaration, which is supposed to be contradictory to the one above-mentioned. To all this, however, it may be replied, that if the fecret ftipulations of the treaty of Tilfit only went fo far as to declare the new fyltem of maritime law, and to pledge the emperor Alexander to affit Bonaparte in the enforcement of it, that must have been confidered as a meafure highly prejudical to this country, though not fufficient to provoke immediate hoftilities, till it appeared that both the contracting powers were pofitively engaged in the execution of it.

The obfervations contained in the notes enfuing, relate to paft events-the conduct of the Auftrian war, the treaties exifting between Pruffia and Ruffia, the unexecuted treaty figned by D'Ouoril 1; and, laftly, the ailiftance we have afforded our allies. It is afferted, that if we had joined the Rulians in Corfu with the 10,000 men who were defeated in Egypt, we might have occafioned an efficacious diverfion at Conftantinople: if we had added the 12,000 men who furrendered their arms in the streets of Buenos Ayres, to the 15,000 who fet fire to Copenhagen, we might have fuccoured Dantzic. But,' fays the annotator, what fignifies it to the cabinet of

London, that two nations of the continent were flaughtering each other upon the Viïtula? The treatures of Monte Video and Buenos Ayres engaged its avarice, and Dantzic fell.' The arrival of the 6000 Hanoverians in the itle Rugen, a month after the war was ended, occafions this quel tion: Is it not evident that so miferable an expedition was planned only with a view of occupying Hanover, if the Ruffian army had been victorious P

All the other paffages of the declaration are commented upon in a fimilar way; and the cabinet of London is accused of throwing the only obstacles that could be made in the way of a negotiation."

SPAIN.

Madrid, Nov. 26. Don Liniers has fent to his excellency the prince generaliffime, the official account of the events which took place at Buenos Ayres. His majely, as a reward for the extraordinary proofs of loy. alty given by that city, as well as for the fervices rendered by don Liniers and by feveral officers, has declared that the city of Buenos Ayres is to have the title of excellence, and that its magiftrates are to be called feigniors that don Liniers is to receive the rank of field marthal, and is appointed viceroy; that all the officers who ferved under him are to be promoted; and that the viceroy is to name the rewards which are to bebestowed on them.

:

It appears that the conduct of the prince of Auiturias underwent an official inveftigation relative to the plot of which he was acculed, before he received the king's par don; and the following account is given of the prince's examination. Instead of ac knowledging any offence, his royal highnefs is faid to have vindicated himself in a very manly manner, and with confiderable ingenuity. At the examination of the prince, which took place before a commif fion appointed to inquire into a conspiracy, four questions were put to him, which, with their anfwers are ftted to have been to the following effect:-2. Is it true that your royal highness has confpired against the life of your royal father and king? A. I am a Chriftian; I fear God, and cannot but fudder at the mention of an accufation fo horrible. Such a thought never entered my mind.-2. What ufe did you mean to make of the cyphers of correlpon dence found in the lining of your coat? A. The cyphers you fpeak of were found the first day I wore that drefs. Those who made the coat can best answer your question. -2. For what purpofe did your royal higanefs correfpond with the emperor Napoleon; and what was the object of that correfpendence? A. I have no hesitation in, owning that I have kept up a correspondence

nate as governor and regent of thefe kingdoms during ny abience, my truly and beloved cousin the marquis de Abrantio Francifco de Cunha de Menezes, lieutenant-general of my forces; the principal Caftro (one of my council, and a regidor de juftica), Paetro de Mello Breyner, alio of my council, who will act as prefident of my treafury, during the incapacity of Luis de Vafconcellos e Sanzi (who is unable fo to do at prefent on account of illnets); don Francifco de Nerocha, prefident of the board of confcience and religious orders; and in the abience of any of them, the conde de Caftro Mazim (grand huntsman), whom I have nominated president of the fenate, with the aitance of the fecretaries thereof; the conde de Sampaye, and in his absence don Miguel Perrura Forjaz, and of my attorney general Joas Antonio Salter de Mendenca; on account of the great confidence which I have in them, and of the experience which they poffefs in matters of government, being certain that my people and kingdom will be governed and directed in fuch a manner that my confcience fhall be clear, and that this regency will entirely fulfil its duty, fo long as it fhall please God that I fould be ablent from this capital, adminiftering jultice with impartiality, diftributing rewards and punishments according to delerts. And thefe regents will further take this as my pleafure, and fulfil my order in the form thus mentioned, and in conformity to the inftructions figned by me, and accompanying this decree, which they will communicate to the proper department.

(Signed)

THE PRINCE. Palace of the juda, Nov. 27, 1807. The French papers announce the arrival of general Junot at Abrantes on the 26th of November; and add, that the troops which entered Portugal marehed ten leagues a day through bad roads and continual rains. After alluding to the retreat of the prince regent, which is attributed to intrigue, it is added, that on the It ult. the anniversary of the day when the house of Braganza role again the Spaniards, and, hoilted its standard against theirs, the Braganza flag was replaced by that of the French. To this circumitance the follow ing remarkable one is fubjoined as a fact: A horrible earthquake occurred fix hours before; but as oon as the French flag was hoifted, the tempeft cealed, and the weather became ferene !!!

It is affected, upon the fame authority, that the French found in the docks along the Tagus four fail of the line, fix frigates, twelve brigs, and an arenal well-stocked with timber and iron It is not neceffary to make a fingle comment upon this ftate ment, which is fo evidently an exaggerati

on, and which has been fo completely falffied by the difpatches from lord Strangford and fir Sidney Smith.

General Junor's proclamation upon entering Lifbon stated in fubfiance, that the French army entered that city to fave the prince and the country from the influence of England; but that the prince fo refpectable for his virtues, has fuffered himself to be guided by the advice of fome bad persons about him, and has thrown himself into the arms of his enemies; that thele perions infinuated apprehenfions for his perfonal fafety; his fubjects have been confidered as nothing, and their interests have been sacrificed to the cowardice of fome courtiers.

Inhabitants of Lisbon.' adds the generál in chief,' remain quiet in your houses, neither fear my army nor myself; we are only terrible to our enemies and to the wicked. The great Napoleon, my master, has fent me to protect you; I will protect you.'

T

ITALY.

Lucien Bonaparte has returned to his refidence in the neighbourhood of Rome; having, it is ftated, rejected the conditions on which his advancement to regal dignity was dependent. One of thefe conditions, it is added, was the repudiation of his wife, to whom he is tenderly attached.

The government of Piombino and Lucca alfo iffued an edict, on the 25th of Decem ber, 1807, in confequence of which every inhabitant is obliged, under the penalty of 100 livres, to declare, immediately, when ever any person is attacked with the small pox in his family. The informer who makes a difcovery of any concealed patient is to receive 50 livres and any houie afflicted by the natural small pox is to be surrounded by guards, and every communica tion with the people within it cut off. Any perfon endeavouring to escape from fuch a house is to be imprifoned for forty days.

DENMARK.

Copenhagen, Dec. 15. Among the prizes which our cruizers are daily fending in, there arrived one yesterday evening in our harbour, which has occafioned our crown prince to perform a grateful and nobleminded action. One of the two prizes brought in by our cruizers, the brig Paulina, had on board the English ambalador Garlicke, on his return from Memel, where the king of Pruffia had juft refuled to receive him. As foon as the crown prince was informed of this, he inftantly ordered that a veffel fhould be prepared to convey this gentleman (whofe honourable conduct during his embally juftly gained him the efteem of the government and the public), with his fervants and effects, from the

prize-hipe

prize-hip to the Swedish harbour at Helinborg. This was carried into effect im nediately; and the minilter is already arrived there.

SWEDEN.

The vaccine inoculation has met with ve ry great fuccefs in Sweden. - On December 6, 1806, the king granted permition to the board of health to expend 900 dollars annually, in reward to thofe phyficians who have'molt contributed to the fucce's of this inoculation. Thefe rewards though fmall, are in proportion to the wealth of Sweden.

RUSSIA

It is reported, that an army of 35,000 Ruffians are on their march to attack Swedih Finland.

It is faid that m. Novozilzoff, at a fpecial audience, has, with his office of director of the academy of fciences, requested permiffion to lay all his Ruffian honours at the emperor's feet.

AMERICA.

The most important intelligence from this quarter relates to the intended retirement of mr Jefferson from the adminiftration of that country. The politics of this gentleman have of late created him numerous enemies; and we believe that the general opinion in America was, that he would Hot be again returned to the prefidency. He has, therefore, only anticipated the decifion of the people, and refigned to avoid the disgrace of being difmiffed. The following are the terms in which he has communicated his intended retirement:

Gentlemen, I received fome time ago from the fpeaker of the fenate and houfe of reprefentatives of Pennfylvania, an addiefs from the two houfes, to which, on public confiderations, it was thought advifeable that the anfwer fhould be deferred awhile. 1 now afk permiffion to convey the aufwer through the fame channel, and to render you the affurance of my high confideration and refpe&t. T. JEFFERSON. To the hon. P. C. Lane, fpeaker of the fenate.-T. Sanders, fpeaker of the houfe of reprefentatives."

To the general affembly of Pennfylvania, Gentlemen, I received the addrefs of the general affembly of Pennsylvania, under cover from the Ipeakers of the two houses, in which, with their approbation of the general courfe of my adminiftration, they were fo good as to exprefs their defire that I fhould confent to be propofed again to the public voice, on the expiration of my prelent term of office. Entertaining as I do, for the general affembly of Pennsylvania, thole featiments of high respect which would have prompted an immediate anfwer: I Was certani, nevertheless, they would approve a delay, which had for its object to February, 1808.

avoid a premature agitation of the public mind, on a tub ect to interesting as the election of the chief magorate,

at

That I fhould lay down my charge,

proper period, i as much a day as to have borne it raithfully. If fong termination to the fervice o The chef migiftrate be not alled 12 compton, or fupplied by practice, his office, nominally for years, will, in fact, became for life and hiftory fhews how eafily that degenerates into an inheritance.

6

Believing that a reprefentative government, refponfible at fhort periods of elections, is that which produces the greatest fum of happiness to mankind, I feel it a duty to do no act which shall effentially impair that principle; and I fhould nwillingly be the perion, who, regarding the found precedent fet by an illuftrious predeceffor, fhould furnish the firft example of prolonging it beyond the fecond term of office.

Truth alfo requires me to add, that I am fentible of that decline which declining years bring on-and feeling their phyfical, I ought not to doubt their mental effect; happy, if I am the first to perceive and to obey this admonition of human nature, and to folicit a retreat from cares too great for the wearied faculties of age.

For the approbation which the general affembly of Pennfylvania has been pleafed to exprefs of the principles and meatures purfued in the management of their affairs, I am fincerely thankful; and thould I be fo fortunate as to carry into retirement the equal approbation and good will of my fellow-citizens generally, it will be the comfort of my future days, and will clofe a fervice of forty years with the only reward it ever wished.

• Dec. 10, 1807. T. JEFFERSON.' A fimilar letter has been addreffed to the legislature of Maryland.

LONDON, Jan. 30, 1858. GENERAL WHITELOCKE. VARIOUS rumours have been circulated

refpecting the nature and extent of the charges preferred againit gen. Whitelocke. It was fome time ago affirmed that they amounted to 17 in number, but we have been recently informed that they are now reduced to four; and the acts confidered as criminal, ftripped of the legal imputation, and technical accompaniments, are thefe:

1. Having contrary to the tenor of inftructions, in the fummons to Buenos Ayres, required that the civil officers and magistrates fhould be prifoners of war, which it is averted, is contrary to all the cuftoms of war, and had a decided effect in

inflaming

inflaming the civil population to refif

tance.

2. Expofing the army in marching against Buenos Ayres to a destructive difcharge of muketry from the town, with out furnishing that ariny with any means of defencer attack.

3. Not being prefent perfonally on the advance againit Buenos Avres; alío not keeping open a communication between the main body of the troops and the detachment under general Crabfurd, which compelled that oil.cer to furrerder.

4. Surrendering the fortrefs of Monte Video, without neceflity, which was capable of making an eff Qual refiitance against any force which could be brought against it. Feb. 6.] A letter from Lifbon ftates, that when the French arrived there they appeared motily Poles, Proffians, Hanoverons, Germans, and rabble of ali nations, very few Frenchmen being amongst them. After hey had been drawn up in the ignare, and hoided the French colour, the populace affe, and fhewed great contempt for their new auxiliaries, and proceeded to pelt the French with flones and other miflile weapons, which the French flood for fome time, and then charged in amongst them, by which atrack a great number of the Portuguese loft their lives. One Portuguete in particular behaved with uncommon refolution; he killed five French foldiers with a fcythe before he was malla cred. When general Junot (who, by the bye, lives in a fplendid manfion, well bar ricaded and well guarded), went with his fuite to the opera, he fat in the prince regent's box; on which all the Portuguefe prefent put on their bats, and went away directly out of the theatre, leaving general Junot and his fuite by themfelves to hear the mufic of the opera.'

All the English fubjects in Portugal are fated to have been put under arreft, and all the Englith property confifcated. From this profcription, Bonaparte, with his accustomed policy, has exempted the perLn and property of the Irish.

Lord Cattlereagh, in the debate on Wedrefday, flated a circumftance which is of mater al importance.-On the 3d of Auguft, at one of his levees, Bonaparte, turning to the Portuguese ambasador, afked him, whether he had tranfinitted to his cout the demand, that the navy of Portugal fhould be ready to unite with the other nayles of Europe againft England, on the rt of September? Having faid this he anmediately turned to the Danish minifter, and afked him whether he had made the

barked at Portsmouth; and that distinguished regiment the 13th, commanded by the hon. col. Colville, has come round from Plymouth.

10.] We are forry to ftate that yefterday, the marquis of Thomond was unfor tunately killed in Grofvenor-fquare. He was riding on horseback, and as he turned the corner of the fquare from the east to the fouth fide, he rode up rather close to the railing where the pavement is not so even as in the middle of the carriage way. The horie ftumbled, and his lordship tell upon his head. Being in his 86th year, he was very infirm, and incapable of making any exertion towards lefening the force of the fall, he bled profufely, as he lay upon the ground. His lordship's groom rode up to the affiftance of his nafter, who laid hold of his hand, and gaping it firmly, cried out William! William! There were the only words he uttered after his fall. Lord Sidney happened to be at home at the time, and ordered his porters and fome others to bring the nobleman into his house. The fervants took him up in an apparent lifelcfs fate; and upon a profesional man being fent for, it was found that his lordhip was actually dead. Just as his lardfhip fell, a cat happened to be coming up, one of the wheels run againit him, but it was not fuppofed that that was the occafion of his death. A warrant was last night ob tained for the removal of his body to the houfe of the deceased; and the inqueft will be held this day. His lordfhip was marquis of Thomond and earl of Inchiquin, in Ireland, and baron Thomond in England. Having died without iffue, the hon. Edw. O Brien, his lordship's brother, fucceeds to the Irish earldom-the marquifate and Englifh barony are extinct.

Monday night, between ten and eleven o'clock, a fire broke out in the back warehoufe of meffrs. Nicholls and fon's printingoffice in Red Lion Paffage, Fleet-itreet; it raged for fome time with confiderable fury, and totally deftroyed the extenfive warehoufes and offices, with all their contents; among which is the ftock of, the Gentle man's Magazine, and mr. Nicholl's laborious and valuable work, the Hiftory of Lincolnshire.. The dwelling house was fortunately faved, and but little damage was done to the adjoining houfes.-Fortunately no lives were loft.

fanie communication to his court?

greatly alarmed by

the