vi、 EXTRACT FROM CANON BAMPTON'S WILL authority of the holy Scriptures-upon the authority of "the writings of the primitive Fathers, as to the faith and practice of the primitive Church—upon the Divinity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ-upon the Divinity of the Holy Ghost-upon the Articles of the Christian Faith, as comprehended in the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds. Also I direct, that thirty copies of the eight Divinity Lecture Sermons shall be always printed, within two months "after they are preached; and one copy shall be given to the Chancellor of the University, and one copy to the Head of every College, and one copy to the Mayor of the city of "Oxford, and one copy to be put into the Bodleian Library; and the expense of printing them shall be paid out of the revenue of the Lands or Estates given for establishing the Divinity Lecture Sermons; and the Preacher shall not be paid, nor be entitled to the revenue, before they are printed. "Also I direct and appoint, that no person shall be quali"fied to preach the Divinity Lecture Sermons, unless he "hath taken the Degree of Master of Arts at least, in one "of the two Universities of Oxford or Cambridge; and that "the same person shall never preach the Divinity Lecture "Sermons twice.” " PREFACE THESE lectures make no pretence of being a history of the Church during the last four centuries; for such a history could not well be compressed within so small a compass. They are only a few studies and sketches which I hoped might be useful in present circumstances to members of the University. When the lectures were delivered it was explained that the phrase Modern Protestantism' bore no reference to English Evangelicalism. The words were used in the technical sense employed in Germany and Holland, signifying a form of Theism which respects Jesus Christ but denies His essential Deity. It was also explained that the word 'Modernist was not used in the sense which it bears in Rousseau, but in the more recent sense brought from France into England; namely, to denote one who holds that he is morally justified in repeating the ancient creeds and prayers of the Church while repudiating the meaning of important phrases in those creeds or prayers. I have criticized Modernism solely in that restricted sense; for I believe that it is possible to combine all modern learning with a loyal adherence to the great Catholic truths for the defence of which the Bampton lectures were founded. In preparing this work for the press I have been largely indebted to the care and interest of the Rev. F. E. Brightman, Fellow of Magdalen College, and of my brother, Mr. P. D. Pullan. SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS 1. The year 1521 a turning-point in history. The history of 2. The Counter-Reformation organized in Italy Theological importance of the Council of Trent. ii. The exact relation of the Pope to the Church left St. Charles Borromeo in Milan. St. Philip Neri in Rome. Reaction against infrequent St. Ignatius de Loyola. The revolution in Monasticism. St. Francis de Xavier. Missions in Asia. St. Teresa and the Carmelites. 5. France and the revival of sacred learning. St. Francis de Sales and the Calvinists. Fénelon. Bossuet, a symbol of his epoch. 6. Jansenists and Augustinianism. Jesuits and Probabilism. 7. Evolution in the resistance to Protestantism. Failure of the 31 1. By 1550 the position of the English Church defined. General condition of religion between 1550 and a. Presbyterians within the Church. b. Anabaptists break up the mediaeval conception of c. The English and the American Congregationalists. A reformed Catholicism. 4. Scotland. The Reformation. Knox, Melville . The so-called Laud's liturgy. The National League and Covenant. Collapse of Episco- pacy in the south of Scotland. 1. The common features of the reforming movements 2. The divisions of Continental Protestantism. a. Luther's attitude to Catholicism and the Bible b. Zwingli, humanist, splits Protestantism by his anti- c. Calvin. Predestination. Attempt to rebuild belief d. Socinus, anti-Trinitarian. Tota iacet Babylon Study of Continental Protestantism leads to an appre- 6. Protestantism in Holland. Calvinist, but modified by The State controls the Church. Amsterdam a centre of art and toleration. William III. 7. Pietism in Holland and Germany. Its origin international, 1. Strong position and gradual extension of Roman Catholi- |