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to do as he had ever done unto them. 9. But Pilate answered them, saying, "Will ye that I re"lease unto you the King of the "Jews?" 10. (for he knew that the chief priests had delivered him for envy.) 11. But the chief priests moved the people, that he should rather release Barabbas unto them. 12. And Pilate answered and said again unto them, "What will ye then that I shall "do unto him whom ye call the

King of the Jews ?" 13. And they cried out again, "Crucify

"him." 14. Then Pilate said unto them, "Why, what evil hath he "done ?" And they cried out the more exceedingly, "Crucify Crucify "him." 15. And so Pilate, willing to content the people, released Barabbas unto them, and delivered Jesus, when he had (≈) Scourged him, to be crucified. 16. And the soldiers led him away into the hall called Pretorium; and they call together the whole band. 17. And they clothed him with purple, and platted a crown of thorns, and put it about his head; 18. and began to salute him, “ Hail, King of the Jews!" 19. And they smote him on the head with a reed, and did spit upon him, and, bowing their knees, worshipped him. 20. And when they had mocked him, they took off the purple from him, and

(z) v. 15. "Scourged," and so fulfilled Isaiah 1.6.

(a) v. 21. "Of Alexander and Rufus." Matthew and Luke name Simon, as the person compelled, but neither of them speak of him as the father of Alexander and Rufus. Grotius apprehends that Alexander and Rufus were both known at the place for which this Gospel was intended, and then it was natural to name

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put his own clothes on him, and led him out to crucify him. 21. And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of (a) Alexander and Rufus, to bear his cross. 22. And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, "The place of a scull." 23. And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh but he received it not. 24. And when they had crucified him, they (b) parted his garments, casting lots upon them, what every man should take. 25. And it was the third (c) hour; and they crucified him. 26. And the superscription of his accusation was written over, "THE "KING OF THE JEWS." 27. And with him they crucify two thieves; the one on his right hand, and the other on his left. 28. And the Scripture (d) was fulfilled, which saith, "And he was "numbered with the transgres"sors." 29. And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, "Ah, thou "that (e) destroyest the temple, "and buildest it in three days, "30. save thyself, and come down "from the cross." 31. Likewise also the chief priests, mocking, said among themselves with the scribes," He saved others; him"self he cannot save. 32. Let

them. An Alexander is named, 1 Tim. i. 20. and a Rufus, Rom. xvi. 13.

(b) v.24. Parted his garments." See Matt.xxvii. 35. (ante, 104.) and note there. (c) v. 25. "The third hour," i. e. nine in the morning See Matt. xxvii. 45. ante, 105. John xix. 14. post, (d) v. 28. "The Scripture," viz. Isaiah liii. 12.

(e) v. 29. "That destroyest, &c." See note on Matt. xxvii. 40. (ante, 104.)

"Christ the King of Israel de"scend now from the cross, that "we may see and believe." And they that (g) were crucified with him reviled him. 33. And when 33. And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour. 34. And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, "Eloi, Eloi, "lama sabachthani?" which is, being interpreted, "My (h) God, "my God, why hast thou for"saken me?" 35. And some of them that stood by, when they heard it, said, "Behold, he calleth "Elias." 36. And one ran and filled a spunge full of (i) vinegar,

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and put it on a reed, and gave WHERE a (p) testament is, there

(g) v. 32. "They that were crucified "with him." See note on Matt. xxvii. 44. ante, 105.

(h) v. 34. "My God, &c." See note on Matt. xxvii. 46. (ante, 105.)

(i) v. 36. "Vinegar." note on Matt. xxvii. 48.

See ante, 105.

(k) v. 38. "Veil." See note on Matt. xxvii. 51. ante, 105.

(2) "From the top, &c." See ante, 106. note on Matt. xxvii. 51.

(m) v. 39. "Truly, &c." See ante, 106. note on Matt. xxvii. 54.

(n) "The Son." See ante, 106. note on Matt. xxvii. 54.

(0) A continuation of the contrast between the atonement by Christ, and that under the Mosaic dispensation. ante, 97, 98. Heb. ix.

See

(p) v. 16. "A testament." The word here rendered "testament," is in this, and parts of the preceding and following chapter, and elsewhere, rendered "cove"nant," (Heb. viii. 6. 9, 10., ix. 4., x. 16.) and the word rendered "testator" in this and the next verse, (7 dia≈eμive and ο διαθέμενος,) is by no means necessarily confined to (even if it will bear) that meaning. It is difficult, in our idea of the word "testament," in verses 15.18.20. to understand how our Saviour was the Mediator of a new testament, or how the Mosaic dispensation can be called "a

"testament." Who, it may be asked, was the testator in either dispensation? Not the Father, for he has never undergone death: not Moses in the first, for that was in force during his life, and the only death there was of bulls and goats; not Jesus Christ in the second, for he was the Mediator only. The translation of this and the next two verses should perhaps be," where there is a covenant, "(a dispensation or appointment of remis"sion and forgiveness, as this is, or an "atonement,) there must of necessity be "the death of what is appointed for the "sacrifice. For it is because of the sacri"fice, that the dispensation is of force: "for it is of no force whilst what was "appointed for the sacrifice is alive. "Whence it was not without blood that "the first dispensation was consecrated." See Parkhurst, Greek Lexicon, Becaus, Διαθήκη, and διαθέμενος. One of the senses of ball is, "to appease, to satisfy;" and da may therefore mean "an atone"ment, a satisfaction, or a dispensation of "forgiveness." What is translated" after "men are dead," is in the original “iel "Expos;" and that may signify, "on ac"count, or by means of the deaths, or dead "bodies." In Ps. 1. 5. mention is made of those who had made a covenant with "God," "in Surian," and the rendering for i Sualan, is "with sacrifice."

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must also of (q) necessity be the death of the (r) testator. 17. For a testament is of force after men are dead: otherwise it is of no strength at all while the testator liveth. 18. Whereupon neither the first testament was dedicated without blood. 19. For when (s) Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book and all the people, 20. saying, "This is "the blood of the testament "which God hath enjoined unto you." 21. Moreover, he sprinkled likewise with (t) blood both the

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(g)" Of necessity," because God has so determined. It is for him alone to decide upon the means.

(r) "The testator," or "what is ap"pointed," adéuevos; the masculine gender might be used, because, upon the dedication of the Mosaic dispensation, the sacrifice was of males; males were generally, if not invariably, the instituted. sacrifices under that dispensation, and our Saviour, the greatest of all sacrifices, is here included.

(s) v. 19. "When Moses, &c." After Moses had received from God the ten commandments, and divers other laws, he" told the people all the words of the "Lord, and all the judgments: and all "the people answered with one voice, "and said, "All the words which the "Lord hath said will we do." And "Moses wrote all the words of the Lord, "and built an altar, and twelve pillars, ac"cording to the twelve tribes of Israel. "And he sent young men of the Children "of Israel, which offered burnt-offerings, "and sacrificed peace-offerings of oxen "unto the Lord. And Moses took half "of the blood, and put it in basons: and "half of the blood he sprinkled on the "altar. And he took the Book of the "Covenant, and read in the audience of "the people: and they said, " All that "the Lord hath said will we do, and be obedient." And Moses took the blood,

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tabernacle and all the vessels of the ministry. 22. And almost all things are by the law purged with blood and without shedding of blood is no remission. 23. It was therefore necessary that the patterns (u) of things in the heavens should be purified with (a) these; but the heavenly (y) things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 24. For Christ is not entered into the (2) holy places made (a) with hands, which are the (b) figures of the (c) true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us. 25. Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place every (d) year with

"and sprinkled it on the people, and said, "Behold the blood of the covenant which "the Lord hath made with you concern"ing all these words. Exod. xxiv. 3—8."

(t) v. 21. "Blood," rather "the blood," that mentioned ver. 19. The article is in the original « τῷ ἄιμαλι.”

(u) v. 23. "Patterns of things in the "heavens," i. e. "the tabernacle, &c." which Moses made according to the pattern of what God shewed him in the Mount, (Exod. xxv. 9. Heb. viii. 5.) and, which were considered as corresponding with what was in heaven.

(x)" These," i. e. "the blood of bulls "and goats."

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(y) "The heavenly things themselves, "&c." The meaning seems to be this, "the blood of bulls and goats was necessary to purify the tabernacle, and whatsoever was to enter into it; but for ad"mittance into heaven, much more valua"ble blood, even that of Christ himself, "was requisite."

(z) v. 24. "The holy," or "holy;" there is no article in the original.

(a) "Made with hands," i. e. "of "human workmanship," "any earthly "temple."

(b)" The figures," i. e. "only the "figures."

(c) The true," i. e. "what is in

"heaven."

(d) v. 25. “

Every year." Once every

blood of others; 26. (for then must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world:) but now once, in the end of (e) the world hath he appeared, to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. 27. And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgement; 28. so (g) Christ was once offered to bear (h) the sins of many (i); and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time, without (k) sin, unto salvation.

The Gospel. Luke xxii. 1. Now the feast (1) of unleavened bread drew nigh, which (m) is called "The (1) Passover." 2. And the chief priests and scribes sought how they might kill him; for they feared the people. 3. Then entered Satan into Judas, surnamed Iscariot, being of the number of

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(e) v. 26. "The end of the world," συντελεία τῶν αιώνων. i. e. “ the completion of "the ages," when they were entering into the last age of the world; (See Dan. ii. 44., & vii. 13.) or "the conclusion of the "Jewish age." Newt. on Proph. ii. 142.

(g) v. 28. "So Christ, &c." The meaning is, as it is with man, that he dieth once only, and after that comes judgment, so is it with Christ; he was to be offered once only, his second appearance will be at the day of judgment, and then they who have looked for him shall have their

reward.

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the twelve. 4. And he went his way, and communed with the chief priests and captains, how he might betray him unto them. 5. And they were glad, and covenanted to give him money. 6. And he promised, and sought opportunity to betray him unto them in the absence of the multitude. 7. Then came the day (n) of unleavened bread, when the passover must be killed. 8. And he sent Peter and John, saying, "Go "and prepare us the passover, "that we may eat." 9. And they said unto him, "Where wilt thou "that we prepare ?" 10. And he said unto them, "Behold, when "ye are entered into the city, "there shall a (0) man meet you, "bearing a pitcher of water: "follow him into the house "where he entereth in. 11. And 66 ye shall say unto the good man

a

(k)" Without sin," i. e. (perhaps) "in

far different state from that in which "he was, when he was taking upon him"self the sins of the world; not in a state "of humility, as one who had sins upon "him, but in a state of glory, as one "without sin, as the great Judge, to give "salvation to those that look for him, and "to punish those who do not."

(1) "The passover."

Mark xiv. 1. ante, 108.

See note on

(m) v. 1. "Which is called, &c." St. Luke was writing for the Gentiles, who might want this explanation; the Jews could not: they knew it well.

(n) v.7. "The day, &c." i. e. "the " evening before that day on which the "paschal lamb was to be slain :" they reckoned their days from evening to evening: according to Gen. i. 5. the evening and the morning were the first day; and according to Gen. xii. 18. on the fourteenth day of the first month, at even, they were to eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month,

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"of the house, "The Master "saith unto thee, Where is the guest-chamber, where I shall "eat the passover with my disdisciples ?" 12. "And he shall "shew you a large upper room "furnished: there make ready." 13. And they went, and found as he had said unto them and they made ready the passover. 14. And when the (p) hour was come, he sat down, and the twelve apostles with him. 15. And he said unto them, "With desire I have de"sired to eat this passover with you before I suffer: 16. for I "say unto you, I will not any "more eat thereof, until (q) it be "fulfilled in the kingdom of God." 17. And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, "Take this, " and divide it among yourselves: 18." for I say unto you, I will not "drink of the fruit of the vine, "until the kingdom of God shall "come." 19. And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, "This (r) is my body which is

(p) v. 14. "The hour," viz. "the even "of the fourteenth day of the first month." See Exod. xii. 6. 10. Lev. xxiii. 5. Numb. ix. 3.

(q) v. 16. "Until it be fulfilled, &c." May not this mean, until that great sacrifice, of which this is a figure, the true Paschal Lamb, shall be offered up?

(r) v. 19. "This, &c." Mark xiv. 22. ante, 110.

See note on

(s) v. 20. "Testament," or cove66 nant," or " dispensation." See ante, 116. note on Heb. ix. 16.

(t) v. 21. "Betrayeth me." See note on Mark xiv. 18. ante, 109.

(u) v. 22. "Determined," i. e. " in "God's counsels." His sufferings and death were fully foretold in Isaiah liii. The seventh verse there is, "he was op"pressed, and he was afflicted, yet he

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given for you: this do in re"membrance of me." 20. Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, saying, "This cup is the new (s) "testament in my blood, which "is shed for you. 21. But, be"hold, the hand of him that (t) betrayeth me is with me on the "table. 22. And truly the Son of "man goeth as it was (u) deter"mined: but (x) woe unto that "man by whom he is betrayed!" 23. And they began to inquire among themselves, which of them it was that should do this thing. 24. And (y) there was also a strife among them, which of them should be accounted the greatest. 25. And he said unto them, "The kings "of the Gentiles exercise lord

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"opened not his mouth: he is brought as "a lamb to the slaughter.'

(x)" Woe, &c." According to Matt. xxvii. 4, 5. he "repented, when he saw "what was done, and went and hanged "himself." This prophetic declaration, therefore, had so far a speedy accomplishment.

(y) v. 24. "And, &c." According to Matt. xx. 25. 29. and Mark x. 42. 46. this happened at an earlier period: before they reached Jericho, on their way to Jerusalem.

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(z) v. 26. "Ye shall not be so," i. e.

you shall exercise no lordship over "others, shall have no temporal power: "he shall be greatest among you who has "the most complete controul over him

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self, who subdues his own pride, his own "appetites and passions, and makes the "greatest sacrifices for the benefit of "others."

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