Russia. Popular ed |
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
according administration adopted agricultural Antichrist aouls authority Bashkirs believe called Catherine II character Christian Church civil classes clergy Communal conceptions condition consequently considerable Cossacks Court Crimean War desire Dvoryanstvo ecclesiastical educated Emancipation Emperor estates existing fact Feldsher Finnish foreign French German Government heretical ideas Imperial influence institutions kind labour landed proprietors less live matter means merchants merely Molokáni moral Moscow Muscovy naturally neighbours never Nicholas nobles Noblesse Novgorod official once opinion ordinary Orthodox peasantry peasants peculiar Peter Petersburg political population position possessed practical present priest Prince principles provinces question received reforms regard reign religious Rurik Russian peasant Sea of Azof sects seemed serfage serfs simple Slavophils social soon spirit stanitsas supposed tarantass Tartar tion towns Tsar ukazes usufruct village Volost Western Europe whilst whole word Zemstvo
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 589 - Our ever constant friend, the sea, supplies. The taste of hot Arabia's spice we know, Free from the scorching sun that makes it grow; Without the worm, in Persian silks we shine; And, without planting, drink of every vine.
الصفحة 120 - Commune, and this consent will not be granted until the applicant gives satisfactory security for the fulfilment of all his actual and future liabilities. If a peasant wishes to go away for a short time, in order to work elsewhere, he must obtain a written permission, which serves him as a passport during his absence ; and he may be recalled at any moment by a Communal decree. In reality he is rarely recalled so long as he sends home regularly the full amount of his taxes — including the dues which...
الصفحة 212 - Its principal duties are to keep the roads and bridges in proper repair, to provide means of conveyance for the rural police and other officials, to elect the justices of peace, to look after primary education and sanitary affairs, to watch the state of the crops and take measures against approaching famine, and in short to undertake, within certain clearly-defined limits, whatever seems likely to increase the material and moral well-being of the population. In form the institution is parliamentary...
الصفحة 360 - In some stanitsas the richer families appropriated enormous quantities of the common land by using several teams of oxen, or by hiring peasants in the nearest villages to come and plough for them; and instead of abandoning the land after raising two or three crops they retained possession of it, and came to regard it as their private property. Thus the whole of the arable land, or at least the best part of it, became actually, if not legally, the private property of a few families...
الصفحة 280 - ... social consideration. Such ideas appear to the ordinary Russian noble absurd and ridiculous. Hence there is a certain amount of truth in the oftrepeated saying that there is in reality no aristocracy in Russia. Certainly the Noblesse as a whole cannot be called an aristocracy. If the term is to be used at all, it must be applied to a group of families which cluster around the Court and form the highest ranks of the Noblesse.
الصفحة 204 - Governor-General one of the stoves is in need of repairs. An ordinary mortal may assume that a man with the rank of Governor-General may be trusted to expend a few shillings conscientiously, and that consequently his Excellency will at once order the repairs to be made and the payment to be put down among the petty expenses. To the bureaucratic mind the case appears in a very different light. All possible contingencies must be carefully provided for. As a Governor-General may possibly be possessed...
الصفحة 96 - ... fat, but at this period of the year their appearance is truly lamentable. During the winter they have been cooped up in small unventilated cow-houses, and fed almost exclusively on straw ; now, when they are released from their imprisonment, they look like the ghosts of their former emaciated selves. All are lean and weak, many are lame, and some cannot rise to their feet without assistance. Meanwhile the peasants are impatient to begin the field labour. An old proverb which they all know says...
الصفحة 476 - may impose on his serfs every kind of labor, may take from them money dues (obr6k) and demand from them personal service, with this one restriction, that they should not be thereby ruined, and that the number of days fixed by law should be left to them for their own work.
الصفحة 61 - Church — we mean the strong tendency both in the clergy and in the laity to attribute an inordinate importance to the ceremonial element of religion. Primitive mankind is everywhere and always disposed to regard religion as simply a mass of mysterious rites, which have a secret magical power of averting evil in this world and securing felicity in the next.