summarizes the leading events in the poet's life; briefly describes his poetical career; notes his successive productions; estimates his influence as a thinker and teacher; discusses his religious principles, and concludes that, though he was not a Christian in the orthodox sense of that word, he nevertheless "vindicated certain essential principles of Christianity." The second paper tersely reviews the History of Abraham Lincoln by Nicolay and Hay, which it finds lacking the skill of a literary artist, overloaded with detail, yet invaluable as a work of reference. The reviewer recognizes the real greatness of Lincoln, and claims that he was "a far more representative American than Washington." The third paper reviews a recent biography of Cromwell by Frederic Harrison, in which the acts of the great protector are shown to be evidence that in the material and social interests of England he did his duty as a ruler to the best of his ability. The reviewer accepts this evidence as valid. Evidently Oliver's reputation in England is in a fair way of being cleansed from the mud cast upon it by his royalist foes. The seventh paper reviews with warm approval a recent work bearing the title Wesley His Own Biographer, in which extracts from Wesley's charming Journals are made to tell the story of his life. This book, says our reviewer, "has already established its popularity." In the ninth paper the Life of Archbishop Tait is admirably reviewed. Its writer gives the pith of that work, and is in full sympathy with its author's very high estimate of the archbishop, whom he designates "the wisest and most powerful primate of all England that modern England has known."

THE Lutheran Quarterly for October has: 1. "The Sacred Scriptures;" 2. "The Bible the World-Book; 3. "The General Question; " 4. "Catechisation and Confirmation in the Lutheran Church; " 5. "The Joys of the Ministry; " 6. "The Divine Formula for the Administration of the Lord's Supper; "7. "Status and Treatment of the Non-Communing Adult Member; 8. "The Christian College; 9. "The Evangelical Element in Catechisation; " 10. "Our Debts-Our Trespasses." The first of these papers is a scholarly exposition and defense of the inspiration of Holy Scripture. Admitting that while "the form or mold in which its thoughts are given was human and historical, it argues that "its thought can be explained only on the basis of a supernatural and divine origin." Of the advanced or destructive criticism of the times it justly claims that its "critical canons and methods would annihilate the historical credibility of even the best authenticated literary document in the world." This type of criticism finds no support in the attitude of the Lutheran Church, which holds that "the word of God, not of man, is for her existence, the beginning, middle, and end." The second paper finds "a strong identical proof of the divinity of the holy oracles" in the fact that "certain beneficial influences" have every-where followed their possession "with a uniformity as unbroken as the connection between physical cause and effect." For this alleged fact it presents a series of historical proofs. In

the fifth paper, after noting the trials, perplexities, and discouragements peculiar to the ministry, its writer presents a series of points tending to show that "the office affords the largest opportunities to be what is best, to suffer what is most desirable in human discipline," and to gain 66 the most satisfactory rewards." The tenth paper offers good exegetical evidence that the proper term in the fifth petition of the Lord's Prayer is not debts, but trespasses—“forgive us our trespasses."

THE Andover Review for October has: 1. "An Advance Step in Sunday-school Bible Study; 2. "The Cherokee Outlet; " 3. "Criticism versus Ecclesiasticism; " 4. "Is Christ Himself the Sufficient Creed of Christianity;" 5. "The Authority of the Pulpit in a Time of Critical Research and Social Confusion." Of these papers the first may furnish suggestions to the committee which prepares the International Sundayschool Lessons; the second calls the attention of the country to the unjust measures for opening up certain Cherokee lands to white settlement soon to be considered by the lower house of Congress. Its points seem to be well taken. The third paper discusses the principle, development, futility, and probable decay of the Oxford movement. The fifth article is Professor Tucker's opening address at Andover Theological Seminary, September 16, 1891. It is an admirable piece of literary work. It contains a defense of biblical criticism to which one could not reasonably object if its author had only qualified it by disavowing all sympathy with that destructive criticism which tends to weaken, if not to destroy, the faith of men in the Bible as God's book. After conceding that such criticism is "creating its own uncertainties in respect to the sources and methods of revealed truth," and seriously disturbing "the aim of the pulpit," it would seem that simple justice to the students of the seminary and to the Church which sustains it required such a disavowal from their eloquent Professor. In its November number this Review outlines and anno tates Dr. Patton's "Recovered Address on Future Probation," and prints in full the report of the Committee of Prosecution against Dr. Briggs.

THE Presbyterian and Reformed Review for October treats of: 1. "Eternal Retribution;" 2. "Simon Peter in the School of Christ; " 3. "Hypothesis and Dogma in the Sciences; " 4. "The New Psychology; 5. "The Prophecies of Balaam;" 6. "The Vocabulary of the New Testament;" 7. "International Missionary Union;" 8. "General Synod of the Reformed Church in America; 9. "General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Canada." Of these papers we note the first, which is a critical elucidation of the Scripture doctrine of endless punishment, many of its points being directed against the sophisms found in a work on the "Restitution of All Things," by Mr. Jukes; the second paper most ably and attractively analyzes the character of St. Peter, especially noting its development under the teaching of Jesus. The third paper, which is eminently lucid and logical, aims to harmonize science and religion by accepting the

sound principle that we must start with pure science as freed from mere hypothesis, and pure Scripture as freed from mere dogma." The fourth paper discusses the various theories of writers who seek light upon the nature and operations of the mind through the study of the brain. It gives good reasons for concluding that "there is very little that is both new and true in it, except the physics and the physiology." It is therefore a misnomer to call it a new psychology. The fifth paper discusses with scholarly acumen the composition, date, literary character, significance, and application of Balaam's prophecies. It is, if not conclusive, yet comprehensive, and goes far toward rescuing this episode of the Pentateuch from the objections of the destructive critics. The sixth article is a valuable contribution to the study of the "Words" of the New Testament. Students of Scripture philology will prize it highly.

**

THE American Catholic Quarterly Review for October treats of: 1. "Aquinas Resuscitatus;" 2. Development of English Catholic Literature;" 3. "Religion of the Ancient Egyptians; 4. "The Two Sicilies and the Camorra; " 5. "The Roman Catacombs;" 6. "Religion in Education; " 7. "The Suppression of the Templars; " 8. "Why Education Should be Free;" 9. “Edgar Allan Poe;" 10. The Pagan

ism of Cæsar;" 11. "The Battle of the Boyne and the Siege of Limerick." This Review, which is edited with much literary ability, is fully up to its standard in this number. We note its second and eleventh papers as illustrating the manifest purpose of the papal Church to rewrite the history of modern civilization for the purpose of whitewashing its own unholy part in it by insisting that Protestant history has been "a conspiracy against the truth." But the spots will not out at its bidding. Its sixth, eighth, and tenth papers treat our public school systems from different points of view, and contend with Jesuitical subtlety for the supremacy of the Catholic Church over the State in the matter of education, and for the right of papists to have their parochial schools supported by the State. Romanism has many keen intellects in its ranks, and will not die until it is smitten by Christ with "the sword of his mouth."

THE Quarterly Review of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, for October has: 1. "A Backwoods Methodist Preacher;" 2. "Life in the Shadow of Sim and Want;" 3. "Patrick Henry;" 4. "The Negro and Domestic Service in the South;" 5. "Government of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South;" 6. "The Two Sons of Oil;" 7. "Murphy's Genesis and the Documentary Hypothesis;" 8. "The Lost Tribes of Israel; " 9. "The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence;" 10. "Foreign Influence in China;" 11. "Jesus, and the Jews and Pilate." Of these papers we note the first as a spirited sketch of the life and labors of the venerable Dr. Chauncey Hobart; the third is a eulogy of Patrick Henry, whose advocacy of State rights in the convention which framed the United States Constitution contained the germ which found its full development in the War of 10-FIFTH SERIES, VOL. VIII.

the Rebellion; the fourth shows that the Negro in the South is as inefficient in domestic service as the majority of white servants are in the North; the eighth reviews favorably two recent works, one by Professor C. L. McArtha, the other by Professor C. A. L. Totten, both of which seek to prove "the identity of the lost tribes with the Anglo-Saxon race!" As a whole this is an excellent number of a Review which is always scholarly, vigorous, and suggestive.

THE Christian Thought for October discusses: 1. "The Scientific and Social Law of Survival; " 2. "The Children of Adam; " 3. "The Origin and Power of Religious Ideas; " 4. "Current Thought." The first of these papers is characterized by originality and vigorously expressed thought. It dissects and refutes Darwin's theory of the struggle for existence and the survival of the fittest. In the name of science it claims that "the spiritual law of life is love, that the material law is correspondence with the means of subsistence, and that the social law is co-operation." The second paper teaches a vague theory concerning the Mosaic account of the creation and fall of man. It assumes, with Clement and Anselm, that it is not history, but allegory. Obviously its amiable writer has an exuberant fancy. The third article is a deeply thoughtful argument which finds the source of religious ideas in the fact of universal God-consciousness, "in the immediate knowledge man has of God."

THE Nineteenth Century for October treats of: 1. "Federating the Empire: a Colonial Plan;” 2. “Question of Disestablishment; "3. "The Private Life of Sir Thomas More; " 4. "Welsh Fairies; " 5. "The Wisdom of Gombo;" 6. "Immigration Troubles of the United States; " 7. "The Wild Women as Social Insurgents; " 8. "Naval Policy of France; 9. The Military Forces of the Crown; "10. Stray Thoughts of an Indian Girl; " 11. "A Bardic Chronicle; 12. "Ancient Beliefs in a Future State." Of these papers the first, second, sixth, eighth, and ninth have value for those who study the progress of public opinion upon political and international questions. The seventh paper keenly satirizes

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a class of women supposed to exist in England, whose "ideal is absolute personal independence, coupled with supreme power over men." If such women really exist they must be both wild and wicked. In the eleventh article Gladstone argues that belief in immortality was stronger in primitive times than in after ages until Christ brought it to light.

THE Westminster Review discusses: "The Ordeal of Trade Unionism,' "History and Radicalism," "Free Education in the United States," "Charles Bradlaugh," "Ernest Renan," "Gothic Architecture," and "The New Empire."- -The Edinburgh Review for October has: 1. "Sir Robert Peel; " 2. "A Moorland Parish;" 3. "The Water-color Painters of England;" 4. "Writings of James Russell Lowell;" 5. "Major Clarke on Fortifications; " 6. "Austria in 1848-9;" 7. "Life of Arch

bishop Tait; " 8. "The Affairs of China;" 9. "Germany and Moltke;" 10. "The Twelfth Parliament of the Queen." Of these excellent papers we note the fourth, seventh, eighth, and ninth as having special popular interest.

THE Church Review for October is a very attractive number. Its paper on "Deaconesses and Their Training" is valuable because descriptive of the methods of the Episcopal Churches in England and America in dealing with the deaconess question. An article on Intellectual Modesty' finds this virtue sadly lacking in rationalistic critics. Another paper on "The Family in Roman Civil Law" is historically valuable. Were this Review less ultra in its views of the "Historic Episcopate" its influence, outside of High Church circles, might promote that Christian unity of which it speaks often, but which it makes impossible by unchurching all bodies which do not accept that unproven theory.

THE Presbyterian Quarterly (South) for October is filled with papers of high merit, some of them being enthusiastic in defense of undiluted Calvinism. Its papers on the inspiration of Holy Scripture, noticed on another page, are strong and valuable.—Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law. Volume I, No. 1, of these "studies" contains a monograph on "The Divorce Problem," by W. F. Willcox, Ph.D. It is based upon the "Report on Marriage and Divorce" transmitted to Congress by the "Commissioner on Labor," and is so analyzed as to show "the influence of legislation on divorce.” To students of the divorce problem it is a very valuable document.- -The North "American Review for November treats of "Russian Barbarities,' 99 Free

Silver," ," "Our Business Prospects," "How to Improve Municipal Government," "Italy and the Pope," etc. These are live questions, and are ably treated by distinguished writers.-The Contemporary Review for October has among its best papers an appreciative sketch of James Russell Lowell, with brief critical notices of his works; an examination of the results of the eight-hour day in various industries, which claims that the old rate of daily production, of wages, and of profits will be maintained; a statement of the reasons now urged in English university circles for and against the retention of Greek as a compulsory study; a paper giving the estimation in which our railway securities are held by English capitalists, with other articles of general interest.—Harper's Monthly for November has among its illustrated papers, "Cairo in 1890," Part Second; "Stonewall Jackson," and "The London of Good Queen Bess." Several good stories and an assortment of papers from the editor's "Easy Chair," "Study," and "Drawer," suited to readers of varied tastes, also contribute to keep it up to its high standard of excellence.—The Chautauquan for November presents its usual variety of topics treated by able contributors and by its always suggestive editor. The Theological Monthly for October has: 1. "The Question of Inspiration; " 2. "Ecce