mans, 44.—The privileges of manors explained, 45.-William, bishop of Lon-
don, a great benefactor to that city, 46.-The charter of Battle-Abbey, 46.—
The independency of the Church upon the state, in matters purely spiritual,
47.-The Conqueror's answer to the pope's demand of homage, 53.—No
bishops set aside in the Conqueror's reign without synodical deprivation, 53.—
William Rufus crowned by Lanfranc, 54.-The death of Lanfranc, with his
character, 54.-Lanfranc writes against Berengarius, 56.—A short account of
Berengarius and his doctrine, 57.-Lanfranc's argument against Berengarius
not cogent, 60.-The see of Canterbury vacant for three years, 65.—The
king's seizing the revenues of vacant bishopricks unprecedented, 66.-No
pope owned in England for several years, 67.-Remigius removes his see from
Dorchester to Lincoln, and builds that cathedral, 67.-Margaret, queen of
Scotland, an admirable princess, 68.-Anselm draws up a form of publick
prayer, 68.-Anselm nominated to the see of Canterbury; he declines the
promotion, but yields at last to the importunity of the court and bishops, 69.
-The archbishop consults Wulstan about the right of consecrating churches
in a foreign diocese, 72.-The king disgusted with the archbishop's remon-
strance, 73.-Anselm endeavours for the king's favour, and applies to the
bishops for their mediation, 73.-The king displeased at Anselm's owning the
pope without leave from him, 74.-A council at Rockingham to put an end to
this difference, 74.-The bishops desert Anselm, and renounce their canonical
obedience, 75.-The temporal nobility refuse to disclaim him, 76.—The con-
troversy suspended for some time, 77.-The pope's nuncio comes privately
with a pall into England, 78.-The king owns Urban for pope, 79.-And is
reconciled to the archbishop, 80.-Bishop Wulstan's death, 80.-Bishop of
Dublin consecrated by the archbishop, 81.-The pope's speech in the council
of Clermont to encourage the holy war, 82.-The expedition against the Sara-
cens undertaken, 84.-Peter the Hermit preaches up the holy war, 84.-The
death of William, bishop of Durham, 85.-His character, 85.-Waterford
erected into a bishoprick, 86.-A new breach between the king and Anselm,
86.-Anselm resolves upon a voyage to Rome, but could not procure the
king's leave, 88.-The king receives the archbishop's blessing at parting, 90.—
The archbishop embarks for Rome, 90.-He is well received by foreign
princes and prelates, 91.-He assists at the council of Bari, and confutes the
prelates of the Greek Church, 92.-He prevents the king's being excommuni-
cated, 93.-The court of Rome, bribed by the English ambassador, desert
Anselm, 95.-He is present at a synod at Rome, 95.-Bishops and abbots
forbidden to receive investiture from any of the laity, 96.-The death of king
William Rufus, 97.-His character, 98.-The dissolution of manners in his
reign, 98.-Nullus clericus nisi causidicus: nullus Presbyter nisi firmarius,
99.-King Henry's coronation, 99.-His concessions to the Church and state,
99.-Anselm refuses to take investiture from the king, 100.-The matter
respited till the Easter following, 100.-King Henry marries the princess
Maud, 101.-The case of those who retired to nunneries to secure their virtue,
determined, 101.-Matthew Paris mistaken, 103.-The archbishop of Vienne's
legatine character disowned by the English Church, 104.-Ivo's letter to the
king, 105.-The death of Thomas, archbishop of York, 105.-His character,
105. Nunnery of Clerkenwell and priory of St. John of Jerusalem founded,
106.-Anselm very serviceable to the king against his brother the duke of
Normandy, 106.-Pope Paschal's letter to the king upon the subject of inves-
titures, 108.-The difference kept on foot between the king and Anselm, 111.
-Fresh agents sent to Rome, 112.-A mistake in sir Edward Coke, 112.—
The pope refuses the king investitures, 114.-The pope's letter to Anselm,
114. The agents disagree in the report of their negociation, 115.-The dis-
pute respited till the pope is farther consulted, 116.-A national council at
London, 117.-Reinelm and William refuse consecration upon the king's
pastoral staff, 119.-Anselm desired to go to Rome to persuade the pope to
give up the investitures, 121.-Pope Paschal's letter to Anselm, 121.-The
king sends another embassy to Rome, but without success, 122.-The pope
writes a ceremonious letter to the king, 122.-Anselm returns to Lyons, where
he receives a reprimanding letter from an English monk, 123.-The countess
of Blois promotes an agreement between the king and Anselm, 124.-Robert,
duke of Normandy, loses great part of his duchy, 124.-The difference be-
tween the king and Anselm taken up in some measure, 125.-Another expos-
tulatory letter sent from England to Anselm, 126.—A body of priests petition
the king for redress of grievances, but without success, 126.-The English
bishops solicit Anselm to return, 127.-Pope Paschal writes to Anselm, 128.——
The king reconciled to Anselm, 128.-Anselm's arrival in England, 128.—
King Henry's pretence for attacking his brother in Normandy, 128.-The
grounds of the war unjustifiable, 129.-King Henry gains the battle of Tener-
chebray, and by that the duchy of Normandy, 130.-The pope dispenses with
the canons in the case of clergymen's sons, 130.-The king renounces the in-
vestitures, 131.-The queen's letter to Anselm, 132.-Anselm's letter to Alex-
ander, king of Scotland, 132.-The monastery of Ely made a bishop's see,
133.-The character of Godfrid, prior of Winchester, 134.-King Henry's
charter for erecting the diocese of Ely, 135.-The genuineness of it question-
able, 135.-Another synod at London, 136.-Severe canons against the married
clergy, 136.-Several of the clergy refused to acquiesce in the synod, 137.—
An oppressive custom put down, 137.-Anselm receives homage of the bishop
of Rochester, and why, 138.—Turgot elected bishop of St. Andrew's, 138.—
Thomas, elect of York, endeavours to disengage himself from a dependency
upon the see of Canterbury, 139.-Anselm's last letter to all the English
bishops, 140.-His death, 141.-His writings and character, 141.-The
bishops' resolution, 144.-The king complies with the contents of Anselm's
last letter, 145.-Thomas, elect of York, yields, and professes canonical obe-
dience to the see of Canterbury, 145.-The death of Ingulphus, 146.-The
see of Canterbury kept vacant, 146.—Joffrid, abbot of Croyland, gives occasion
to the founding the university of Cambridge, 147.-Four monks the first pro-
fessors in Cambridge, 147.-The emperor Henry extorts the investitures from
the pope, 148.-An inquiry into the original and claim of investitures, 149.-
The council of Rome under Adrian I. disproved, 150.-Lewis, son to Charles
the Great, restores the freedom of elections to bishopricks, 152.—The busi-
ness of investitures farther examined, 152.-Pope Gregory VII. declares
against them, and why, 152.-The moderation of the French kings in this
point, 153.—The progress of this dispute between Henry V. and pope Paschal,
154.-Pope Callistus II. puts an end to this controversy, 155.-An equitable
temper between the mitre and crown agreed to by king Henry I., 155.-
Ralph, bishop of Rochester, translated to the see of Canterbury, 158.—The
English admitted to no preferments in the Church, 159.—The pall sent him
from Rome, 159.—The pope's expostulatory letters, 160.—The Roman le-
gates not owned in England, 161.-Their avarice, 161.-Pope Paschal's letter
to the king and bishops, 162.-Brief remarks upon the pope's letter, 164.-
Baronius and Bellarmine give up the decretal epistles, 165.-The bishop of
Exeter sent ambassador to Rome, 166.--Bernard, bishop of St. David's, lays
claim to metropolitical jurisdiction, 166.-The death of Turgot, bishop of St.
Andrew's, 167.-King Alexander's letter to the archbishop of Canterbury,
167.-The bishops promise to stand by William, the king's son, 168.-The
contest between York and Canterbury revived, 168.-The archbishop of Can-
terbury takes a journey to Rome to complain of the innovation of a legate,
168.-The pope's answer general and undecisive, 169.-The pope seems par-
tial to Thurstan, elect of York, 170.-The death of pope Paschal, and of his
successor Gelasius, 170.-The death of Maud, queen of England, 171.-Her
character, 171.-The bishop of Manne's letter to the queen, 171.-The bishop
of Manne's second letter, 173.-Part of the nobility of Normandy revolt from
King Henry, 174.-His speech to his troops, 175.-The institution of the
order of Knights Templars, 175.-The English Church divided about owning
the two popes, Calixtus and Gregory, 176.-The council of Rheims, 176.—
Thurstan and Calixtus prevaricate, 177.-An interview between the
and
pope
king Henry, 178.-No foreign legate to come into England unless at the king's
instance, 179.-The pope threatens the kingdom with an interdict, 180.-His
appearing for Thurstan indefensible, 181.-The death of Herbert, bishop of
Norwich, 182.-Eadmer elected bishop of St. Andrew's, 183.-A dispute about
his consecration, 183.-He quits his see and returns to Canterbury, 184.—
Prince William cast away at Barfleur, 185.-The bishop of Manne's conso-
latory letter to the king, 185.-The pope's favour to the English pilgrims,
186. The king engages in a second marriage, 187.-Eadmer's letter to the
king of Scotland, 188.-The death of archbishop Ralph, 189.-The episcopal
see removed from Wells to Bath, 189.-The bishop purchases that town of
the king, 189.-The bishop of Glasgow suspended by the archbishop of York,
189. The council of Lateran held under Calixtus, 190.-The death and cha-
racter of Robert, bishop of Lincoln, 192.-The death of Ernulphus, bishop of
Rochester, 192.-The death of Ralph, bishop of Chichester, 192.-A council at
London, 192.-No summons, either royal or legatine, for convening the coun-
cil, 193. The canons, 194.-The pope's legate surprised with a strumpet, 195.
-Baronius offers to disprove this story, but without success, 195.-The found-
ing of the abbey of Reading, 197.-The English nobility swear allegiance to
the empress, 198.-Why David, king of Scots, took the oath of allegiance to
the empress, 199.-A council at Westminster, 199.-William, the king's ne-
phew, made earl of Flanders, and grows formidable, 200.-The death of Wil-
liam, bishop of London, 200.-His benefactions, 201.-The death of William,
the king's nephew, 201.-The death of the bishops of Durham and Win-
chester, 202.-A synod at London, 202.-The king makes the clergy fine for
their marriage, 202.-A new schism at Rome, 203.-The pretences of Inno-
cent and Anacletus briefly examined, 203.-St. Bernard's defence of Innocent's
election, 204.-The bishop of Porto's letter in behalf of Anacletus, 205.-
Priori vestro, 206.—Fratribus majoribus et prioribus, 206.—The pretences of
either side tolerably balanced, 207.-The oath of allegiance repeated to the
empress, 208.-The bishoprick of Carlisle founded, 208.-Regular canons,
when instituted, and what, 209.-The death of Gilbert, bishop of London,
210. The death of king Henry, 210.-His character, 211.-Stephen, earl of
Boulogne, seizes the throne, 211.-The prelates and nobility do homage to
him, 212.-The grounds of this revolution unsatisfactory, 212.-The pope
confirms king Stephen's title, and argues ill in defence of it, 213.-The bishops
swear a conditional oath of allegiance, 214.-King Stephen's charter to the
Church, 214.-The death of William, archbishop of Canterbury, 216.-
Robert, earl of Glocester, dissatisfied with his new oath, and defies king Ste-
phen, 218.—Thurstan, archbishop of York, raises the north against the Scots,
219.-Ralph, bishop of Orcades', speech to the English army, 219.-A synod
at Westminster, under Albericus, the pope's legate, 221.-Theobald chosen
archbishop of Canterbury, 222.-The bishops of Sarum and Lincoln im-
prisoned, 224.-A quarrel at Oxford, 224.-A council at Winchester, 225.-
The legate complains of the usage put upon the two bishops, 226.—The pro-
ceedings of the court defended by Aubrey de Vere, 227.-The legate's reply
to De Vere, 227.-The archbishop of Rouen argues for king Stephen, 228.-
The council breaks up without exerting any censure, 228.-The empress lands,
229.-The death of Roger, bishop of Salisbury, 229.-His character, 229.—
A treaty between the empress and Stephen, but without success, 231.-King
Stephen taken prisoner at Lincoln, 231.-Maud, the empress, recognised by
the legate, 232.—A council at Winchester, 232.—The legate's speech, 233.—
The hardiness of one Christian, a clergyman, 234.-The empress recognised
by the council, 234.-The legate revolts from the empress, 235.-A synod at
Westminster, 236.—The legate endeavours to purge himself to his brother,
236.-The empress's agent challenges the legate upon his allegiance, 237.-
A council at London, 237.-A clash between the archbishop and the legate,
238.-The canon law first professed in England, 238.-A design of pope Lu-
cius to make Winchester an archbishoprick, 238.-The Præmonstratenses
settled in England, 238.-The bishop of Rochester nominated by the arch-
bishop of Canterbury, 239.-Archbishop Theobald goes to the council of
Rheims, though forbidden by king Stephen, 240.—William, archbishop of
York, deposed, and Murdac consecrated, 240.-Archbishop Theobald returns
into England, and is banished, 241.-The death of Malachy, archbishop of
Armagh, 244.-The archbishop refuses to crown Eustachius, 246.-Nine of
the seventeen cathedrals furnished with secular canons, 246.-An accommo-
dation between Stephen and Henry, 247.-The empress consenting to this
treaty, 247.-The death of David, king of Scots, 249.-His benefactions to
the Church, 249.-The archbishop of York dies, 249.-St. Ulfric, an an-
chorite, 250.-The death of king Stephen, 250.-The different opinions con-
cerning Stephen's title, 251.-King Henry arrives in England, and is crowned,
253.-Becket made chancellor of England, 253.-Nicholas, an Englishman,
made pope, 254.-King Henry sends an embassy to Rome, 255.-His letter
to pope Adrian, 255.-The pope's bull to encourage the Irish expedition, 256.
-The pope complains of the uneasiness of his station, 258.-He dispenses
with king Henry's oath, 259.-A contest between the bishop of Chichester and
the abbot of Battle, 260.-The bishop of St. Andrew's death, 261.-A schism
in the Church of Rome, 261.-Archbishop Theobald's letter to the king in
behalf of pope Alexander, 261.-Sir Henry Spelman makes the publican
hereticks the same with the Waldenses, 262.-A synod at Oxford against them,
263.-Their tenets and punishment, 263.-The archbishop's letter to the king,
264. The death of archbishop Theobald, 264.-Becket chosen archbishop of
Canterbury, 265.—The council of Tours, 265.-The occasion of the rupture
between the king and archbishop Becket, 266.-The king requires the clergy
should be tried in the civil courts, 268.-This motion opposed by the arch-
bishop and his suffragans, 268.-The king demands the bishops' submission to
the ancient usages of the kingdom, 268.-They offer to submit with a clause of
exception, 268.-The archbishop complies with the king's demands upon the
pope's order, bona fide et sine malo ingenio, 269.-Richard de Lucy, justiciary
of England, 270.-The convention at Clarendon, 271.-The archbishop's un-
steadiness, 271.-The clergy swear implicitly, 271.-The Constitutions of
Clarendon, 272.-In case of appeals the controversy was to be ended in the
archbishop's court, 276.-The king refuses the pope's legatine commission,
and why, 277.—The archbishop endeavours to go beyond sea, but is disap-
pointed, 277.—The convention met at Northampton, 278.-The archbishop
charged with denying justice, and disobeying the king's writ, 278.-His de-
fence disallowed, 278.-He is fined, 279.-A debate between the bishops and
temporal barons, 279.-The bishop of Winchester pronounces judgment
against the archbishop, 279.-The archbishop prosecuted upon several actions,
279. He asks the opinion of the bishops, 280.-The bishops divided in their
opinions, 280.—The archbishop desires more time, 281.—He justifies himself
about passing his accounts, 281.-He charges the bishops not to join with the
barons at his trial, 282.-He appeals to the pope, and carries his cross erected
into the court, 282.-They urge him with his oath at Clarendon, 283.-He
persists in his appeal, and replies to their reasons, 284.-The prelates renounce
archbishop Becket, and appeal against him to the pope, 284.-The archbishop
declines the judgment of the king's court, and pleads his exemption, 285.—
The king publishes a proclamation not to insult the archbishop, 285.—The
archbishop makes his escape into Flanders, 286.—An order published to pre-
vent bringing over an interdict, 286.—The king sends an embassy to the king
of France not to entertain Becket, 286.-The king sends another embassy to
the pope, 287.-The ambassadors' speeches against the archbishop, 287.—The
pope refuses to send legates with powers for a final decision, 288.-The arch-
bishop waits upon the pope at Sens, and resigns the archbishoprick, 289.—The
pope restores him to his character, 289.--The king banishes archbishop
Becket's relations, 290.-Orders sent by the king out of Normandy to be ob-
served in England, 290.-Archbishop Becket's letter to the king, 291.—A
grand mistake, 292.-The archbishop's letter to his suffragans, 293.-Pope
Alexander's letter to the king, 295.-The pope's letter to the bishop of
London, 296.-The king's letter to the archbishop of Cologne, 297.-The king
sends an embassy to the pope and the emperor, 297.-His ambassadors said to
exceed their commission in renouncing pope Alexander, 298.-The bishop of
London's letter to the pope, 298.-The king's disposition towards a recon-
ciliation, 298.-The bishops of the province of Canterbury's letter to arch-
bishop Becket, 301.-Two cardinals sent to adjust the difference, but without
effect, 303.-The king of France justifies the archbishop from fomenting the
war against the king of England, 303.-The archbishop's reply to suffragans,
304.-The death of Maud, the empress, 305.-And of Robert, bishop of Lin-
coln, 306.-Archbishop Becket excommunicates the bishop of London, 306.-
His complaint of that prelate to the bishop of Hereford, 307.-A design to
renounce pope Alexander, 307.-How it was disappointed, 308.-The arch-
bishop throws himself at the king's feet, 308.-The king makes him a large
offer, but is refused, 309.-The archbishop complained of for his obstinacy,
309. He is discountenanced by the king of France, 310.-And afterwards
unexpectedly received into his favour, 310.-The king complains to the pope,
and demands the sending of legates, 311.-The pope writes a complying letter,
311.-The king sends another expostulatory letter to the pope, 312.—The dif-
ference almost adjusted, 312.-The archbishop refuses to comply for being de-
nied the kiss of peace, 313.-The laity renounce the pope and archbishop
Becket, 313.-Young king Henry crowned by the archbishop of York, &c.,
314.-Archbishop Becket complains of this encroachment, 314.-The king
and archbishop Becket reconciled, 315.-The archbishop returns into England,
315. He is importuned to absolve the archbishop of York, &c., 316.-The
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