nal. ad An. HUBERT, of the clergy in that country: for, as Baronius confesses, Abp. Cant. the majority of the Polish priests were married, and lived Baron. An- with their wives without the least scruple. This liberty the legate was by no means, to allow; and therefore, by prosecuting matrimony with heavy penalties, he frightened the priests, and carried his point. 1197, sect. 19. Ibid. The monks Church com plain their bishop at Rome. But upon this progress into Bohemia, he found the clergy of that country of another temper, and by no means so tame and submissive: for being about to publish his constitutions against the marriage of priests, he was in danger of being outraged at Prague, had not the bishop, then duke of Bohemia, interposed for him. To proceed; the college at Lambeth, begun by the late of Christ's archbishop, was still standing, and furnished with prebendaries; neither could the monks of Christ's Church prevail against arch- with Hubert to demolish it. These monks, being apprehensive this college might prove prejudicial to their foundation, took a journey to Rome, and preferred a complaint against the archbishop. They set forth that Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, launched out into business foreign to his character, and executed the office of chief justiciary of England. That he acted as judge in criminal causes, and was so embarrassed in secular affairs, that he disabled himself for his function. They charged him likewise with the breach of sanctuary: and that by his order, William Longbard was forced out of Bow church, dragged at a horse's tail, and executed. The pope wrote immediately to the Hoveden, king to dismiss the archbishop from the administration, commanding the other bishops and clergy not to engage in any secular employment. fol. 443. Secular jurisdiction not incon ter. In Glossar. By the way, it was the custom of these times, both among the French, English, and other nations, to choose the justisistent with ciaries above mentioned out of the clergy. And therefore the episcopal charac- the learned sir Henry Spelman, is somewhat surprised at the rigour of the canons and court of Rome. What reason could the pope have for discouraging the clergy from undertaking this office? If his holiness pretends any inconsistency between secular affairs, and the episcopal function, he argues against his own practice, and condemns himself. For if temporal jurisdiction does not agree with the ARD I. character of a bishop, with what conscience can his holiness RICHretain the sovereignty of a great part of Italy, and govern K. of Eng. as a temporal prince. To return to the monks of Christ's Church: their main grievance was the college at Lambeth. This, in all probability, was the reason which made them break with their archbishop, and prefer the other articles against him. They made a tragical complaint to the pope upon this head, and told him that unless a speedy course was taken, the dignity of the convent of Canterbury would be perfectly sunk, and the privileges transferred to this modern and apostate seminary. The pope was prevailed on to give them satisfaction, The college and sent an order to archbishop Hubert to pull down the of Lambeth chapel at Lambeth, which was done accordingly. demolished. A. D. 1199. Ibid. The next year was the last of king Richard's reign. The occasion of his death was this: Widomar, viscount of Limoges, happened to find a great deal of gold and silver in a field belonging to him, and sent king Richard part of it: but the king claiming the whole as sovereign of the fee, the viscount refused to comply. Upon this, he drew down his army, and besieged him in his castle of Chaluz. Here the April 6th, king received a flesh wound in the arm from an arrow, which by the ignorance of the surgeons proved mortal. Having ard. no issue, he devised his dominions to his brother John. This disposition was looked on as an injury to the right of his nephew Arthur, this Arthur being son to Geoffrey Plantagenet, duke of Bretagne, elder brother to John. the death of king Rich Id. fol. 449. King Richard was very successful in his military undertakings. He conquered Cyprus from the Greek emperor, not to repeat the progress of his arms in Palestine already mentioned. He was a prince of incomparable valour: to give some instances; he defeated the Greek emperor's army with fifty men; conquered Cyprus by the terror of his person, and by the execution of his single charge. His Vinisauf. exploits against the Saracens were no less surprising: at Gale, Hist. his return, he distinguished himself to the same degree of Anglican. Script. vol. bravery against the French; and forced them to restore 2. id. p. 366. what they had treacherously gained from him in his absence. In short, he was as it were an army in himself, and did as Hoveden, great things in reality and life, as the heroes of antiquity c. 33. et 40. fol. 444. 449. HUBERT, performed in fiction. He died in the two-and-fortieth Id. fol. 451. of his age. year Upon the death of king Richard, the English provinces of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine, declared for Arthur, duke Id. fol. 450. of Bretagne, upon the score of his hereditary right. And Brompton affirms his interest, was considerable elsewhere, and that he was looked on as right heir to the English dominions. However, John was followed by the prevailing party; owned first in Normandy, and afterwards in England, and crowned at Westminster, by Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury. Chronic. Brompton, col. 1281. Upon the coronation day, the king made Hubert his chancellor, who seeming to be somewhat over-pleased with the office, Hugh Bardulph, a nobleman, told him, that had he thoroughly considered the honour of his station, and the advantage of his spiritual character, he would not have thought himself raised by his new post; "The rise," says he, "lies rather the other way; for we have heard of a chancellor Hoveden, that has been made archbishop, but never of an archbishop that was made chancellor." Ibid. A dispute To proceed; about this time, the famous Giraldus Cambetween Giraldus Cam- brensis, archdeacon of St. David's, was elected by the brensis and chapter to that see, and going to Rome before his consearchbishop cration, he happened to examine the pope's register, where of Canterbury. he found a letter of pope Eugenius III. to Theobald, arch Hubert bishop of Canterbury. This letter was written upon the subject of a dispute between Theobald, and Bernard, bishop of St. David's: the latter claiming the right of a metropolitical see. Now, though pope Eugenius had pronounced in favour of Theobald in the present turn, and obliged Bernard to swear canonical obedience to him, yet his holiness See above, had promised to give the cause a new hearing. Giraldus et An. 1115. Cambrensis lighting upon this letter, revived the claim, Hoveden, challenged the bishops of Llandaff, Bangor, St. Asaph, Chester, Hereford, and Worcester for his suffragans, and refused the see of Canterbury the oath of canonical obedience. But archbishop Hubert managed the contest so powerfully against him, that he forced Giraldus to make his submission, got his election annulled, and another consecrated in his room. fol. 454. Gervas. Act. Pontif. Cantuar. col. 1682. K. of Eng. A. D. 1200. The dispute about the college at Lambeth between the JOHN, monks of Christ's Church, and the archbishop was settled at last upon this footing. The archbishop was allowed to rebuild CENT. XIII. the college and chapel, though not upon the old foundation, and to furnish it with canons regular; but here he was limited both in the number of the canons, and the value of the settlement, and was farther obliged neither to make chrism, nor consecrate bishops there. This year, Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, held a national synod at Westminster, notwithstanding the prohibition of Geoffrey Fitz-Peter, earl of Essex, and chief justiciary of England. Most of the canons being much the same with those of former synods, I shall waive the repetition, and only mention what appears something new. The first canon regulates the delivery of divine service, and forbids either huddling the prayers, or drawing them out to a sleepy negligence: either of these extremities in pronunciation being very unsuitable to the solemnity of the office. The second forbids priests consecrating the holy eucharist more than once in a day, without urgent necessity. The fourth lays down rules with reference to confession and penance, and enjoins the priests to enquire carefully into circumstances; that is, to consider the quality of the person, the nature of the crime, the time, the place, the occasion, the continuance in the fault, together with the signs of hearty regret and reformation. And that married people should never be put upon any such penance, as may probably make them suspect their justice to each other, The eleventh declares against clandestine marriages, and that no married persons should travel beyond sea, without publishing their mutual consent. Hoveden, fol. 458. A synod at London. This year, Arthur, king John's nephew, did homage to his uncle for the duchy of Bretagne and all his other territories; and by this submission he seems to have re- Hoveden, signed his title to the crown. fol. 456. The death of Hugh, bishop of Lincoln may conclude this 411. year. He was born at Grenoble, was bred to learning, The death took the habit of a canon regular at first, and afterwards of Hugh, bishop of turned Carthusian. After he had been some time abbot of Lincoln. Witham, in Somersetshire, was chosen bishop of Lincoln fol. 462. Matt. Paris, p. 202, et HUBERT, at the recommendation of king Henry II. He was a person Abp. Cant. of extraordinary regularity and devotion, and governed with great commendation. People were terribly afraid of being Hoveden, excommunicated by him, because it was observed that those who lay under that censure were commonly visited by some remarkable calamity. When his corpse was brought down to Lincoln, king John, and William, king of ScotEpisc. Lin- land, held up the pall. To conclude with him: he has the character of a prelate of general virtue, and unexceptionable conduct. Baronius gives him the honour of a saint, and inserts him in his Martyrology. deinc. Godwin in colniens. Baron. 17. The preaching of the abbot of Flai. About this time, one Eustachius, abbot of Flai, a monk of great learning and devotion, arrived in Kent, and preached throughout great part of the kingdom. He is said to have wrought miracles; it is certain he was much followed, made an unusual impression upon the audience, and commanded obedience wherever he went. He pressed the people to the Palestine expedition; declaimed against usury, against keeping fairs and markets, and working Matt. Paris. upon Sundays; he likewise exhorted the wealthy to have an empty dish at their table to be. furnished for the relief of the poor. A. D. 1201. The next year, there happened a dispute between the of Lincoln king and the prebendaries of Lincoln, about filling the insist upon vacancy of the see. The chapter insisted upon a free their right of election. election, which the king would not grant, but resolved to Hoveden, fol. 464. overrule their claim, and dispose of the preferment himself. This year, the king was crowned again, with his queen, at Canterbury, and splendidly entertained at the archbishop's palace. The king soon after set sail for Normandy, where he gained a victory against the French at the castle of Mirabell. Arthur, duke of Bretagne, was made prisoner at this battle, and kept under guard at Falais. King John treated him in a friendly manner at first, and endeavoured to court him to his interest; but Arthur returned him an The death angry answer, challenged the crown, and menaced him in of Arthur, duke of Bre- case he refused to resign. King John was much disturbed at this unexpected language, and sent his nephew to the castle at Rouën, where he was kept under closer confinement, and Matt. Paris, soon after he disappeared and was never heard of. The tagne, a great misfortune. p. 208. |
