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sented himself at court, and by the intercession of the queen RICHmother, the king was reconciled to him.

The English troops opened the campaign with success, recovered a great many towns, and defeated the king of France's army; of all which advantages the king gave the archbishop of Canterbury a particular account in a letter for that purpose.

ARD I. K. of Eng.

Ibid. et fol.

422.

The pope, at the instance of the king, sent archbishop Hubert a legatine commission, with an express order to the archbishop of York to own him under that character. For, A. D. 1195. by the way, we are to observe, that, notwithstanding the The archbishop of pope's order, the commissioners had not pronounced the Canterbury made legate sentence of suspension against that prelate.

The archbishop of Canterbury, now legate and justiciary of England, took a journey to York, where he gave commissions to some of his lay officers to hold an assize, which was done accordingly. As for himself and his officials, they went into the abbey of St. Mary's, and kept a Court Christian there. Some few days after, he summoned the clergy of the diocese, and held a synod in the cathedral.

The canons being mostly a repetition of precedent synods, I shall only mention some few of them.

The third canon forbids priests making a contract of advantage for saying mass; but allows them only to receive what is offered at the solemnity.

The fourth determines the same number of godfathers and godmothers, in baptism, prescribed since the Reformation.

The fifth forbids deacons baptizing, giving the consecrated bread, or practising the function of a confessor, unless in cases of great necessity.

The eleventh declares against receiving bribes in ecclesiastical courts. That no person of authority in those places ought to take any fee or present for doing justice, or for the expediting or delaying a cause.

A synod at

York.

The sixteenth enjoins the parsons of parishes to excommunicate those three times a year, with the usual solemnity, who had perjured themselves in a court of justice or elsewhere; and that such as had maliciously drawn others into perjury, were to lie under the same censure. And when the 4 general criminals were touched with remorse of conscience, they confessor for

a diocese.

HUBERT, were to apply themselves to the archbishop, bishop, or geAbp. Cant. neral confessor, to have penance prescribed them. And

those who deferred their repentance till their death-bed, were to be absolved on condition they were willing to submit

Id. fol. 429, to discipline upon their recovery.

430.

This year, pope Celestine excommunicated the emperor Henry V. The occasion of this censure was, because he Baron. An- refused to return the king of England the money he had nal. ad An. extorted from him in his confinement.

1195. sect. 5.

Nubrigens.

1. 5. c. 20.

Baron. ad 1195. sect.

29, 30.

The death of Hugh, bishop of Durham.

ter.

Notwithstanding this excommunication lasted the emperor's life, the prelates of the empire, and even the pope's legates attended him, in a synod at Worms, and approved his motion for carrying on the holy war.

This year, Hugh Pudsey, bishop of Durham, king Stephen's nephew, departed this life. He was a great benefactor to the bishoprick, by buildings, purchasing estates, and ornamenting the cathedral. Geoffrey of Coldingham gives him the character of a person of good conduct and His charac- regularity; that his mind was equal to his descent, and that he was particularly careful not to sink his character or suffer in his jurisdiction; that he lived up to his station with great decency and exactness. In short, this author reports him a man of elocution and courage; that he acted with the spirit and vigour of a person nobly born; and that in his contests about Church privileges, he always came off with success. Nubrigensis gives a more diluted and disadvantageous account of him; charges him with being too much secularized in his humour; and of this he gives one instance in his buying the earldom of Northumberland; though he resigned it to the king upon his return from the holy war. He died in the two-and-fortieth year after his

408.

Angl. sacr. pars 1. p. 772, 773.

Nubrigens. Consecration.

1. 5. c. 8.

The prebendaries of York continued the dispute with their archbishop, and pressed the bishop of Lincoln to execute the pope's commission, and pronounce the sentence of suspension. The bishop of Lincoln replied, that he had rather be suspended himself than bring the archbishop under so disgraceful a censure; however, upon farther application, Hoveden, the pope proceeded with the utmost rigour, suspended him from his function and revenues, and deprived him of all temporal, as well as spiritual jurisdiction.

fol. 431.

433.

A. D. 1196.

ARD I.

The next year there happened a disturbance in London, RICHoccasioned by one William Longbard, a lawyer. This man, K. of Eng. out of a popular and seditious humour, as Nubrigensis Nubrig. 1. 5. reports, pretended to espouse the interest of the meaner c. 18. citizens; complained they were oppressed by the wealthy, A disturand overcharged in the publick taxes. These remonstrances gained him a great reputation, and made him the favourite William of the mob. Though, after all, he was a bad man, and a Ibid. libertine, and charged his brother with high treason for refusing to supply his extravagance. Thus Nubrigensis.

bance in London by

Longbard.

fol. 435.

Archbishop Hubert, the king's justiciary, being appre- He is seized hensive of a commotion, ordered this William to be taken by the archbishop's up; but he retired with his party into Bow church, and orders. stood upon his defence; after some time they set fire to the steeple, and forced him out; upon which he killed the first man that offered to seize him. In short, he was taken, tried, and executed, with eight of his party; as for the rest, they Ibid. cast themselves upon the king's mercy, and gave security for their good behaviour. Hoveden and Matthew Paris, Hoveden, though the mutiny cannot be defended, give a fairer account of this William, and make him in the right for appearing in behalf of the poor. The last account of Geoffrey, archbishop of York, left him under suspension; finding therefore Id. fol. 436. the interest of his agents too weak to disengage him, he took a journey to Rome himself. The pope was so prepossessed against this prelate, that it was a great while before he would see him; at last, being admitted to an audience, The archhe stood entirely upon his justification; and when his ad- bishop of York goes to versaries were required to make good their charge, they Rome and shamefully declined it. Upon this, the pope, with the un- himself. animous consent of the conclave, restored the archbishop, cleared his reputation to his province, and commanded them to treat him with all due regard.

Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, who besides his metropolitical character, had the jurisdiction of legate and chief justiciary, thought himself overcharged with commissions: his life being considerably advanced, made this thought work deeper upon him, and solicit the king to dismiss him from state business. The king, who was well satisfied of his capacity for the civil administration, was unwilling to grant his request; upon which, the archbishop recollecting him

vindicates

HUBERT, self, sent the king word, that if his highness thought his Abp. Cant. services of use, he was ready to submit to the fatigue, and not trouble him with any more excuses upon the score of his age; and thus he continued in his post.

Ibid. The office of The office of chief justiciary, to throw in a word or two chief justiciary, what. about it, was a station of great honour and jurisdiction. The term, if not the office, was probably introduced by William the Conqueror. The justitiarius Angliæ, or capitalis Angliæ justitia, was the first peer of England, and the principal magistrate in the civil list. For, to say no more of him, he had at that period the jurisdiction of the four highest courts in England, being Chief Justice of the King's Bench, of the Common Pleas, Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and Master of the Court of Wards. And, notwithstanding the functions of this magistrate were partly military, and he often commanded in the field, yet, when the times were anything settled, he tried causes, and always attended the king's court. But in the reign of Henry III., or rather under king John, the court of Common Pleas was taken from him, by which he lost a very considerable and gainful branch of his office. Afterwards his jurisdiction was farther clipped by Edward I.; till at last this exorbitant power, which had sometimes created great disturbances, and been formidable to princes themselves, was split into the four jurisdictions of the courts above mentioned. And, whereas this justiciary of England used to be a nobleman, either spiritual or temporal, of great figure and interest, the king took care to set persons of lower quality upon the bench, and who were in no capacity to raise a faction in the kingdom; so that now, though the name is still retained, there is very little of the Spelman, old privileges annexed to it.

Glossar.
Archæol.

This year, John, earl of Morton, the king's brother, and Marchades, who headed the Brabaceni, foraged up to the town of Beauvais, and harassed the country. To prevent this ravage, Philip, bishop of the city, and several other persons of quality, drew out the burghers, and gave them battle; but The bishop here the French were quickly defeated, and the bishop taken of Beauvais prisoner. This prelate made a tragical complaint to pope Celestine, that the king of England treated him very roughly, and without any regard to his character. He therefore desires the pope to interpose effectually for his

taken pri

soner.

409.

enlargement, and exert the censures of the Church upon RICHthat prince.

ARD I. K. of Eng. He is repri

the pope.

The pope sent the bishop a reprimanding answer, told him his turning soldier was foreign to his function, and by manded by no means to be excused; that he was not sorry the bishop met with a rebuke in so indefensible an adventure. And that he could not make use of his authority in behalf of a person who had so far misbehaved himself. However, he would write to the king by way of entreaty for him. When Hoveden, the king received the pope's letter, in which he styled the fol. 438. bishop of Beauvais, his son, he ordered that prelates' coat of mail should be carried to his holiness, and presented with this question, "vide an tunica filii tui sit, an non?"

Mat. Paris,

Hist. Angl.

p. 182.

37.32.

fol. 435.

The king, to prevent the French breaking into Normandy, fortified Andeli, upon the Seine. This place belonging to Genesis, the archbishop of Rouën, that prelate refused to give his A. D. 1197. consent that any additions of strength should be made to it. The king judging it necessary for the defence of the country, finished the fortification. Upon this, the archbishop Hoveden, put Normandy under an interdict, and took a journey to Rome to complain there. This, to speak softly, was carrying the point to an extravagant length. The king, to justify his proceedings, sent William, the bishop of Ely, his chancellor, the bishop of Lisieux, and Philip, elect of Durham, with a publick character to the pope. The bishop of Ely fell sick upon the way at Poictiers, and died. By this The death employment, we may perceive this prelate continued in the of William, bishop of king's favour. To give him his due, he was always firm to Ely. his allegiance, and true to the crown. Though, after all, his affectation of grandeur, and straining his authority upon the subject, must be owned a disservice to his memory. This was that which made him unacceptable even to his own order, and occasioned their remonstrance against him. Hoveden, Upon the news of his death, the king, to shew the esteem he had for him, preferred his brother Robert to the abbacy of St. Mary's at York; and gave Eustachius his under Vice canchancellor, or master of the rolls, the bishoprick of Ely.

fol. 437.

cellario suo.

This year, pope Innocent III. sent Peter a cardinal- The priests' deacon with a legatine commission into Poland. The marriage great business of this cardinal was to suppress the marriage in Poland

customary

and Bohe

mia.

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