of Joppa, and made a considerable progress in the holy war; but a mortality happening in the army, and the French troops being ready to desert upon the death of the King Richard returns duke of Burgundy, he began to deliberate about quitting from the holy war. the enterprise. That which principally determined him to Matt. Paris. this resolution was the ill news he received out of England: that his brother John designed to usurp his dominions, that he had declared himself so far as to demand an oath of allegiance of the English nobility, and that the king's castles might be put into his hands. That he had actually seized the royal revenues, and received large sums of money from the king of France to carry on the defection. The king, finding himself under a necessity of returning home, took Id. p. 171. what care he could for the security of the Holy Land, left Brompton, some troops in garrison, and procured a truce for the term of three years.

Chronic.

col. 1243.

Things being thus put under the best settlement the juncture would admit, the king embarked in autumn, and met with very ill weather, his fleet was dispersed, and some He is taken part of it wrecked; at last, his own ship was driven into the prisoner by Adriatick gulf, where, with great difficulty, he recovered Austria, and the shore between Aquileia and Venice: and designing to return home incognito through Germany, he was taken at Matt. Paris, Vienna, and sold to the emperor by the duke of Austria.

the duke of

sold to the

emperor.

172.

A. D. 1192.

When the pope heard of the king's misfortune, and that the king of France and the earl of Morton made their advantage of the opportunity, he sent a letter to the English prelates to the following purpose:

The pope's He complains that the divisions among Christian princes letter to the had broken their measures, and disappointed them of sucEnglish clergy. cess in the holy war. To prevent this ill effect for the future, he had granted them an indulgence, upon condition they would live peaceably with each other. That the bishops were to exhort them to union and good correspondence. And that in case any person should have so little regard for the common interest of Christianity, as to invade the dominions of his neighbours, he strictly charges the prelates to put the aggressor's territories under an interdict, and to excommunicate the persons, if occasion should require. And during the calamities of Palestine, he forbids the diversions of tilting and tournament; and recommends that if any

ARD I.

one had a mind to distinguish himself in a military way, he RICHshould go and shew his manhood against the infidels in the K. of Eng. Holy Land.

Hoveden,

411, 412.

Walter, archbishop of Rouën, and the rest of the lords Annal. fol. justices, sent the abbot of Bexley, and another of that character, to wait upon the king in Germany, and give him an account of the state of his affairs; and amongst other things they informed him of the revolt of his brother John. The Baron. Anking, though surprised at his ingratitude, yet did not break nal, ad An out into any intemperate complaint.

1192. sect.

22.

elected

The king having a good opinion of Hubert, bishop of Hubert Salisbury, who attended him in the holy war, was willing to archbishop promote him to the see of Canterbury. For this purpose he of Canterbury. wrote to the convent of Christ's Church to proceed to an election, but without pointing much at the person, that he might not seem to press upon their privileges, or overrule the freedom of their votes. However, in a letter to the queen-mother, he sent private instructions to the bishops of the province to go to Canterbury, and make an interest for Hubert, and if they perceived they could not carry their point, to stop the election till the king's return.

Gervas. col

deinc.

The monks, who understood nothing of this secret, but imagined the king had left them entirely to their liberty, chose Hubert without scruple or opposition. Thus Gervase Chronic. of Canterbury. But Hoveden, who assigns the election to 1583. et the next year, reports the matter with some little variation, and tells us that Hubert, archdeacon of Canterbury, appealed to the pope, and protested against the proceedings, because the king was under duress, and the election was precipitated, and made in the absence of the suffragans of the province. But this opposition of the archdeacon was probably occasioned from his not being acquainted with the secret above mentioned. Hubert immediately upon his Hoveden, promotion sent his agents to Rome, and had his pall de- Chronic. livered. Gervas. col. Earl John, when he heard the king his brother was A. D. 1193. taken prisoner, endeavoured to corrupt the Norman nobility; but they refused his offers, and continued loyal. Upon this refusal, he entered into a confederacy against his brother with the French king. Afterwards he embarked for England, and coming to London, pretended the king was

406.

fol. 444,

1584.

Earl John's revolt.

HUBERT, dead, and demanded the crown of the archbishop of Rouën, Abp. Cant. and the rest of the lords justices: but they abhorred the motion, and put the kingdom in a posture of defence.

The queenmother and lords jus

tices tax

the subjects for the king's ran

som.

By this time, the king had made terms with the emperor for his liberty: the matter being thus far advanced, he wrote to the queen-mother and the lords justices to raise the money, and remit it. The ministers upon the receiving this order, taxed the clergy and laity at a fourth part of their revenues for one year, and advised them to make a present out of their stock over and above. There were likewise twenty shillings levied upon every knight's fee; and the Cistercian monks, who used to be privileged from payments to the state, were forced to part with all their wool of that year; to which we may add, that all the gold and silver church plate was brought into the exchequer for the king's ransom. And yet after all, they fell short of a third part of the sum, for which the king was obliged to Hoveden, give hostages.

fol. 413. Brompton,

col. 1256.

The pope serviceable to king Richard.

The king sent the bishop of Ely into England to notify the agreement between him and the emperor, acquainting the lords justices in his letter, that that prelate had been very serviceable to him in managing the treaty. When he arrived, he was forced to drop all his titles of justiciary legate, and chancellor, and pretend to no other character but the king's agent.

To give pope Celestine his due, he interposed strongly in the king's behalf, and proved very instrumental in procuring his liberty. In his letter to the English clergy, he threatened to put all the emperor's dominions under an interdict, unless he gave the king of England a speedy discharge. He likewise menaced the king of France with the same censure, provided he did not desist in his hostilities against king Richard. The pope and conclave engaging thus heartily in the cause, made an impression upon the Hoveden, emperor, and disposed him to an accommodation with the king.

fol. 413.

A. D. 1194.

Edmond's,

And thus in the beginning of February the next year, Adam of St. the king was enlarged, and conducted by the archbishop of an agent of Cologne to Antwerp, where he went aboard, and arrived at Sandwich upon the 13th of March.

earl John's, seized.

Id. fol. 418.

Some little time before the king's arrival, one Adam of

St. Edmond's, a clerk, and favourite of earl John, was sent into England, with instructions to fortify the castles of that earl against the king. At his coming to London, he paid Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, a visit; and, sitting with him at dinner, boasted very much of the good fortune of his patron, what an interest he had with the king of France: that he had delivered several castles to him already, and was ready to declare farther in his behalf, provided he could be better assured of the strength of his party. The archbishop was very much disgusted at this discourse. But Adam being a visitor, and under the protection of his table, he was not willing to apprehend him in his own house: however, when he had taken leave, and was going to his inn, the mayor of London secured him, and seizing all his papers and com. missions from earl John, delivered them to the archbishop.

The next day, the archbishop convened the bishops, earls, and barons, and laid the papers before them. Upon reading the contents, it was unanimously resolved that earl John should be disseized of all his estate in England, and that siege should be laid to his castles, which was done accordingly.

RICH

ARD I.

K. of Eng.

munication

earl John

The same day, Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, Hugo, An excombishop of Lincoln, Richard, bishop of London, Godfrey, denounced bishop of Winchester, with the bishops of Rochester, Wor- by the English precester, Hereford, and Exeter, together with the abbots, and a lates against great many of the clergy of the province of Canterbury, met and his at Westminster Abbey, and excommunicated earl John, and party for all those that were aiding and assisting him, unless they immediately laid down their arms, and ceased to disturb the Ibid. government. After this, they drew up an appeal to the pope against William, bishop of Ely, that he might act no longer as legate in England.

rebellion.

chapter and

It must not be forgotten, that at the beginning of this 4 dispute year there happened a dispute between the archbishop and between the chapter of York, about choosing the dean. The cause was archbishop of York. brought to Rome for a final decision. But here the pope disappointed the litigants: for, it seems, he never enquired whether the right of choosing the dean lay in the archbishop or the prebendaries, but disposed of the preferment himself, with a clause, however, for the saving the right of either party. One Simon, an Italian, of Puglia, was made dean, Id. fol. 417.

VOL. II.

D d

HUBERT, and had investiture given, by his holiness's delivering him Abp. Cant. a gold ring.

The archbishop dis

counte

peals.

407.

The proxies of the chapter of York brought in a heavy charge against their archbishop, at the court of Rome: nances ap- they informed against him as a great oppressor of his clergy that he had broken open the church doors with a military guard: that he was frequently guilty of simony: that he spent his time in hunting and hawking, and other secular diversions: that he was remarkably negligent in the business of his function; and what we may believe was his capital offence, he had not conducted himself, with deference to the court of Rome. Instead of this, he is said to have discountenanced appeals thither, and imprisoned those who made their applications to his holiness. In short, he is charged with slighting the final decisions of the Roman see, and to have deprived those clergy of their benefices, who endeavoured to right themselves this way. Hoveden complains of these informers, and gives them an ill character, which is an argument that a great part of the charge was not true. However, the articles with reference to Id. fol. 417. appeals, must needs have been very provoking to the court of Rome: the pope therefore, directed a commission the next year to the bishop of Lincoln, the archdeacon of Northampton, and the prior of Pontefract, to enquire judicially into the matter. And in case they found the suggestions true, to suspend the archbishop of York, provided he did not make his appearance at Rome within three months. This sentence was resolved on accordingly, notwithstanding the archbishop's agents at Rome endeavoured to excuse his Id. fol. 427. absence, by alleging he was stopped by the king, and that the season was too unhealthy for such a journey.

A. D. 1194.

The king, to revive his authority, after his misfortune in Apr. 17, the Germany, was crowned the second time at Winchester. the king crowned a The bishop of Ely, notwithstanding the remonstrance against second time. him, assisted at the solemnity, and had an honourable share in it; that he stood well at court we have no reason to question both by this circumstance and by the king's concerning himself to make this prelate and the archbishop of York friends. The king, after his coronation, set sail for Normandy, to check the incursions of the French. Soon Id. fol. 421. after his landing, his brother John, earl of Morton, pre