ARD, nation. after the solemnity of his father's funeral, came to Rouën, in RICHNormandy, and was girt with the sword of the duchy by K. of Eng. Walter, the archbishop. From hence, after having received King Richthe homage of the Normans, he went to Barfleur, and em- ard's corobarked for England, and was crowned at Westminster, by Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, upon the 3rd of September. At the coronation the king took an oath to protect the Church in her estates, and continue the customary privileges and regards to the clergy. After the solemnity at church was over, the archbishops and bishops attended the king to his palace, and dined with him at his table. While the king was at dinner, some of the principal Jews came to make him a present. But there being a proclamation the day before, to forbid the Jews coming to court at the coronation, the mob took the opportunity to fall upon them; and thus, after they had outraged them and rifled their pockets, they drove them out of the palace. One Bennet, a famous Jew, of York, being hard pursued and wounded, pretended to turn Christian, was baptized, and saved his life. When the citizens of London heard how the Jews were treated at Westminster, they were resolved to follow the precedent, and seize the advantage of the juncture. And thus, when they had made themselves strong enough, they assaulted the Jews, burnt their houses, and killed several of them; for which some of the ringleaders were hanged the next Hoveden, day. fol. 373, 374. tenances This prince was so sensible of his misbehaviour against He discounhis father, that he refused to countenance any that had as- those who sisted him in the rebellion. Thus Hoveden tells us that he had revolted to him from hated all the clergy and laity that had deserted to him from his father. his father, and would not admit them to any degree of favour or familiarity. But those who had been firm to their duty, and followed his father's fortune, he made them part of his court, rewarded their loyalty, and put them into posts of honour and trust. Id. fol. 373. of Durham This year the king, to furnish himself for the holy war, sold a great many of his castles and manors. Among the The bishop rest of the purchasers, Hugh, bishop of Durham, bought purchases the earldom of Northumberland, together with the manor of the earldom of NorthumSadbery, with the knight's fees belonging to it. berland. About this time, the king came to the abbey of Pipewell, WIN, The king meets the lords spiri BALD- in Northamptonshire, and convened the lords spiritual thiAbp. Cant. ther. Here the king gave the archbishoprick of York to Geoffrey, his natural brother. Upon this promotion, Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, put in his claim to consetual at Pipe- crate the elect of York, and appealed to the determination of that case in the reign of William the Conqueror. The next day, John, elect of Whithern, was consecrated by John, archbishop of Dublin; from whence it appears that see continued under the jurisdiction of the English Church. This synod at Pipewell was held in Ember Week, in September. well. Hoveden, fol. 375, The king, to supply himself farther for the expedition to Palestine, procured a bull from pope Clement III. to discharge as many of his subjects as he pleased from undertaking the crusade. This proved a very serviceable expedient, and vast sums of money were paid into the exchequer to purchase the liberty of staying at home. This year, in November, John, cardinal of Anagnia, the pope's legate à latere, was sent into England, with a commission to adjust the difference between archbishop Baldwin and the monks at Canterbury. Upon his landing at Dover, he was forbidden to travel any farther without the king's order. In the meantime the king made a progress to Canterbury, and settled an agreement between the archbishop and the convent, upon the following articles: viz., That Roger le Norris, whom the archbishop had made prior of Christ's Church, against the monks' will, should be set aside; that the chapel at Hackington should be pulled down, and that the monks of Christ's Church should make the customary profession of canonical obedience to their archbishop. The agreement was signed by the king, the queen mother, the archbishops of Rouën and Dublin, and several English bishops and abbots. When this business was over, the king sent for the cardinal legate, who, coming to the court at Canterbury, complained because the accommodation between the archbishop and the monks was made in his absence. About this time, Geoffrey, elect of York, had an order from the king to go to Tweed and receive William, king of Scotland, and attend him to the English court. This prince K. of Eng. came to Canterbury in December. And here king Richard RICHrestored him the castles of Roxborough and Berwick, and discharged him and his heirs from all homage and allegiance The king refor the kingdom of Scotland; and in lieu of this release and signs his the delivery of the castles, William, king of Scotland, gave of Scotland. sovereignty the king of England ten thousand marks sterling. Ibid. 400. At the same time, while the court was at Canterbury, 4 protestaHugh, bishop of Durham, and Hubert, bishop of Salisbury, Geoffrey's tion against protested against archbishop Geoffrey's election, and ap- election to the see of pealed to the pope. Their objection was, because the elec- York. tion was made in their absence, and their privilege of voting not considered. The dean and treasurer likewise, of York, put in their appeal against Geoffrey's election, as being a person unqualified by the canons. They urged the defects of his birth; that he was born of a strumpet in adultery. To which they added that he had been guilty of murder. The legate, however, being resolved to gratify the king, overruled the plea, and confirmed the election. And soon after the complainants withdrew their appeal at the king's instance. 11th, the And now the king, having settled his affairs in England, set sail for Normandy. He divided the administration be- December tween William Longchamp, bishop of Ely, his chancellor, administraand Hugh, bishop of Durham. William had the custody of tion left in the hands of the Tower of London, and the other the government of William, bishop of Windsor Castle. They had, likewise, the title of chief jus- Ely, &c. ticiaries of England. The bishop of Durham's jurisdiction was to reach from the Humber to the borders of Scotland. These two ministers proved rivals, and strove to supplant each other. between the France and Soon after Christmas, Richard, king of England, and A. D. 1190. Philip, king of France, had an interview at Rheims, where all matters were adjusted, and a league offensive and defensive signed; by virtue of this treaty they engaged to defend 4 treaty each other's dominions against all persons whatsoever; and kings of that if either of them happened to die in the expedition to England. Jerusalem, the survivor should have the treasure and forces of the deceased prince to carry on the Holy War. The earls and barons swore never to quit their allegiance to their respective princes, nor attack them in any part of their dominions during their pilgrimage; and that the clergy might VOL. II. сс WIN, BALD- contribute their share to secure the treaty, the archbishops and bishops solemnly promised to excommunicate those that should make any infraction upon the articles. Abp. Cant. Hoveden, fol. 378. The king being desirous to fortify the bishop of Ely's authority, procured him a legatine commission for England and Scotland. Being thus promoted to the principal posts, both in Church and state, the king sent him into England, to hasten the preparations for his voyage. The chancellor, for that is the usual title of this prelate, acted to the stretch of his commission, and was very rigorous in his demands for the crown; for instance, he made every abbey and manor that held of the king to furnish a pad and a sumpter. As The bishop for those the king had joined with him in the administration, haughty he despised their assistance, and refused to act by their and misadvice. He engrossed the disposal of all the governments manages. and promotions in the crown. And by virtue of his legatine character, he dealt severely with the bishopricks and abbeys. In his visitations he used to travel with such a numerous retinue, that he ruined the places where he was entertained; and a monastery could hardly recover the expense of one night's lodging in two or three years. He is likewise said to have disseized the clergy and laity of their churches, advowsons, and estates, in a very arbitrary manner. Hoveden, fol. 368, 378. A miserable York. This year, upon the Friday before Palm Sunday, the the Jews at Jews of York, being apprehensive of rugged usage, prevailed with the governor of the tower, and the high sheriff, to retire into that fortification. Afterwards, when the fort was demanded, the Jews refused to deliver it; upon this, the people of the town and neighbourhood, by the order of the high sheriff and constable of the castle, drew up in a body, and attacked the fort. At last the Jews offered a great sum of money to go off with their lives; but they had been obstinate so long, that now the people refused to give them quarter. These circumstances of desperation made one of the rabbies propose the killing of themselves, rather than fall into the hands of the enemy. This motion was unanimously agreed to, their number being about five hundred, beside women and children. Their method in putting their tragical resolve in execution was this: every master of a family cut his wife and children's throats first, then dispatched his servants, and concluded with the slaughter of himself. In the meantime, the Christians burned and plundered the Jews' houses, and thus all of that nation in York were destroyed. After Easter, William, bishop of Ely, the chancellor, came down to York with a great force, and ordered all those to be apprehended who had assaulted the Jews; and being informed that the constable of the tower, and the high sheriff, gave order for the assault, he turned them both out of their office; and, by virtue of his legatine character, he suspended the chapter of York, and put the Church under an interdict, for refusing him the respect of a procession. RICH ARD I. K. of Eng. simony. fol. 380. The king being now prepared for the Jerusalem expedi- The king charges the tion, embarked with his forces at Marseilles, and sailing court of along the coasts of Italy, put into the Tiber, where the car- Rome with dinal bishop of Ostia paid him the ceremony of a visit. To this prelate the king took occasion to complain of the avarice of the court of Rome, and charged the conclave with simony. It seems the pope had taken seven hundred marks for the consecration of the bishop of Mannes: fifteen hundred for the bishop of Ely's legatine commission; and large bribes of the bishop of Bordeaux to screen him from the prosecution of his clergy, and prevent his being deprived. Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, Hubert, bishop of Hoveden, Salisbury, and Ralph Glanvill, the late justiciary, did not embark with the king, but sailed in a squadron by themselves, had a good voyage, and came to the siege of Acres. When the king was at Messina, in Sicily, he was touched with remorse of conscience, and, casting himself at the feet of the prelates, confessed the scandal of his past life, and received absolution; and from that time his conduct was more religious and unexceptionable. While the king stayed at Messina, he Id. fol. 388. sent for the famous Joachim, an abbot of the Cistercian order Id. fol. 402. in Calabria. This Joachim had a great character for learning and piety, and foretold things to come by a spirit of prophecy, as it was commonly reported. He was likewise sup- Abbot posed particularly qualified to interpret the Revelations. opinion conThe king heard him discourse on this mysterious book with cerning Angreat satisfaction: and here Joachim happening to fall upon the subject of Antichrist, told the king that he was already born in the city of Rome; and that he would afterwards seize St. Peter's chair. The king was surprised at this doc 401. Joachim's tichrist. |
