EVERY-DAY BOOK; OR, Everlasting Calendar OF POPULAR AMUSEMENTS, SPORTS, PASTIMES, CEREMONIES, MANNERS, CUSTOMS, AND EVENTS, INCIDENT TO EACH OF THE THREE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE DAYS, IN PAST AND PRESENT TIMES; FORMING A COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE YEAR, MONTHS, & SEASONS, AND A PERPETUAL KEY TO THE ALMANACK; INCLUDING ACCOUNTS OF THE WEATHER, RULES FOR HEALTH AND CONDUCT, REMARKABLE AND IMPORTANT ANECDOTES, FACTS, AND NOTICES, IN CHRONOLOGY, ANTIQUITIES, TOPOGRAPHY, BIOGRAPHY, NATURAL HISTORY, ART, SCIENCE, AND GENERAL LITERATURE; DERIVED FROM THE MOST AUTHENTIC SOURCES, AND VALUABLE ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS, WITH POETICAL ELUCIDATIONS, FOR DAILY USE AND DIVERSION. BY WILLIAM HONE. 2. 1 tell of festivals, and fairs, and plays, Of merriment, and mirth, and bonfire blaze; I tell of Christmas-mummings, new year's day. Of twelfth-night king and queen, and children's play; I tell of Valentines, and true-love's-knots, Of omens, cunning men, and drawing lots I tell of brooks, of blossoms, birds and bowers, I tell of May-poles, hock-carts, wassails, wakes, IN TWO VOLUMES. WITH THREE HUNDRED AND TWENTY ENGRAVINGS. LONDON: PUBLISHED FOR WILLIAM HONE BY HUNT AND CLARKE, YORK-STREET, 1827. Herrich. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF DARLINGTON, LORD LIEUTENANT AND VICE-ADMIRAL OF THE COUNTY PALATINE OF DURHAM &c., &c., &c. MY LORD, TO YOUR LORDSHIP —as an encourager of the old country sports and usages chiefly treated of in my book, and as a maintainer of the ancient hospitality so closely connected with them, which associated the Peasantry of this land with its Nobles, in bonds which degraded Reither I RESPECTFULLY DEDICATE THIS VOLUME; not unmindful of your Lordship's peculiar kindness to me under difficulties, and not unmoved by the pride which I shall have in subscribing myself, MY LORD, YOUR LORDSHIP'S HIGHLY HONOURED, MOST OBEDIENT, AND VERY HUMBLE SERVANT, WILLIAM HONE. PREFACE. BEFORE remarking on the work terminating with this volume, some notice should be taken of its Frontispiece. 1. "The Clog," or "Perpetual Almanack," having been in common use with our ancient ancestors, a representation and explanation of it seemed requisite among the various accounts of manners and customs related in the order of the calendar. Of the word "clog" there is no satisfactory etymology in the sense here used, which signifies an almanack made upon a square stick. Dr. Robert Plot, who published the "History of Staffordshire," in 1686, instances a variety of these old almanacks then in use in that county. Some he calls "public," because they were of a large size, and commonly hung at one end of the mantel-tree of the chimney; others he calls "private," because they were smaller, and carried in the pocket. For the better understanding of the figures on these clogs, he caused a family clog "to be represented in plano, each angle of the square stick, with the moiety of each of the flat sides belonging to it, being expressed apart." From this clog, so represented in Dr. Plot's history, the engraving is taken which forms the Frontispiece now, on his authority, about to be described. There are three months contained upon each of the four edges; the number of the days in them are represented by the notches; that which begins each month has a short spreading stroke turned up from it; every seventh notch is of a larger size, and stands for Sunday (or rather, perhaps, for the first day of each successive natural week in the year). Against many of the notches there are placed on the left hand several marks or symbols denoting the golden number or cycle of the Moon, which number, if under 5, is represented by so many points or dots; but if 5, a line is drawn from the notch, or day, it belongs to, with a hook returned back against the course of the line, which, if cut off at due distance, may be taken for a V, the numeral signifying 5. If the golden number be above 5, and under 10, it is then marked out by the hooked line, which is 5; and with one point, which makes 6; or two, which makes 7; or three, for 8; or four, for 9; the said line being crossed with a broad stroke spreading at each end, which represents an X, when the golden number for the day, over against which it is put, is 10; points being added (as above over the hook for 5), till the number arises to 15, when a hook is placed again at the end of the line above the X, to show us that number. The figures issuing from the notches, towards the right hand, are symbols or hieroglyphics, of either-first, the offices or endowments of the saints, before whose festivals they are placed; or secondly, the manner of their martyrdoms; or thirdly, their actions, or the work or sport in fashion about the time when their feasts are kept. For instance-1. From the notch which represents January 13th, on the feast of St. Hilary, issues a cross or badge of a bishop, as St. Hilary was; from 1st March, a harp, showing the feast of St. David, by that instrument; from 29th June, the keys, for St. Peter, reputed the janitor of heaven; from 25th October, a pair of shoes, for St. Crispin, the patron of shoemakers. Of class 2-are the axe against 25th January, the feast of St. Paul, who was beheaded with an axe; the sword against 24th June, the feast of St. John the Baptist, who was |