merely a 4 months' residence in Caf- at Caïro. For a few days, 1500 indifreland; it would give them a melan-viduals, were carried off every day. choly opportunity of beholding the The C. M. S. employ in Egypt, W. folly and wretchedness of man, un- Krusè; J. Rudolph, T. Lieder, T. blessed with the light of revelation. Mueller, missionaries, and J. Petros, They would behold in the Caffres-native assistant. Scholars in 2 schools those simple children of nature,' who in Caïro, 50, with 20 girls in a female daily appear in public, without shame, school.

in a state of complete nudity, and CALADA CHURCH, a church of who profess no religion but that of the Syrian Christians in South India, nature-an exhibition of all the gros- built 300 years ago. In the last year ser vices. Here are liars, thieves, reported, there were 15 baptisms, 4 adulterers, murderers, &c., in appal- deaths, and 4 marriages. A school of ing numbers; and not a few who will 20 boys is here collected. even justify such things against the contending missionary, and that without blush or shame."

CALCUTTA, a city of Hindoostan, the emporium of Bengal, the seat of the supreme government of In 1826, Mr. Shaw says, "The British India, and the See of a population continues much the same Bishop, with a citadel called Fort as that reported to be residing on the William. It is situated on the left station last year; viz. about 150 souls. bank of the Hoogly, or western arm Besides these, there is a considerable of the Ganges, 100 m. from its mouth, number of natives, who occasionally and extends from the W. point of reside here for several months at a Fort William, up the river, about 6 time, and who are either employed in m.; the breadth, in many parts, is the public works of the station, or in inconsiderable. Generally speaking, the service of those that are settled at the description of one Indian city is the Institution. There are two things a description of all; being all built on which at present operate against any one plan, with very narrow and very considerable population being crooked streets, interspersed with nuassembled at a mission village: 1st, merous reservoirs, ponds and gardens. the nature of their feudal customs and A few of the streets are paved with relationships; and 2dly, their love of brick. The houses are variously cattle, and decided predilection for built; some with brick, others with grazing pursuits, inducing them to mud, and a greater proportion with live a partially wandering life, not bamboos and mats: these different much unlike that of the graziers and kinds of fabrics, intermixed with each herdsmen of patriarchal times, as de- other, form a motley appearance. scribed in the Book of Genesis." Those of the latter kinds are invariaFor accounts of these missions See bly of one story, and covered with Tzatzoe's Kraal, Coke's Mount, Wes-thatch; those of brick seldom exceed leyville, Chumie, &c. two floors, and have flat terraced CAIRO, the capital city of Egypt, roofs; but these are so thinly scatterand one of the largest cities in ed, that fires which often happen, do the world. It lies on the east bank not, sometimes, meet with the obof the Nile, in a sandy plain, and con- struction of a brick house through the tains Old Cairo, Boulac, (the harbor) whole street. But Calcutta is, in and New Caïro. The city itself is part, an exception to this rule of 3 leagues in circuit, has 31 gates, building; for the quarter inhabited by 2400 irregular unpaved streets, which, the English is composed entirely of during the night, are closed; 25,840 brick buildings, many of which have houses, and more than 200,000 inhab- the appearance of palaces. itants. There are 18 public baths, The population of Calcutta is prob300 mosques, 2 Greek, 12 Coptish, ably about 500,000. An equal numand 1 Armenian church, and 36 syn- ber is contained in the suburbs. The agogues. Here is a Mohammedan population of the surrounding dishigh school, a printing office, and li-tricts, within a space of 20 m. is brary of 25,000 volumes. In the estimated at 2,225,000. Here is the summer and autumn of 1831, the residence of the governor-general of cholera raged with fearful violence India, and the seat of the Supreme

Court of Justice, which decides causes made in several languages. Dr. according to the English law without Claudius Buchanan was, for some regard to country, rank, or office. time vice provost, and Rev. David Calcutta is the great emporium of Brown, provost. The institution has Bengal, and the channel through been for a considerable period disconwhich the treasures of the interior tinued.

provinces are conveyed to Europe. In 1816, a Hindoo College was The port is filled with ships of all na- founded. This institution is remarktions, there are some houses, which able as being the first which has been trade annually to the amount of 4 or 5,000,000£.

projected, superintended, and supported, by the natives, for the instrucIn 1756, Calcutta was taken by the tion of their sons in the English and soubah of Bengal, who forced the fee- Indian languages, and in the literable garrison of the old fort, to the ture and science of Europe and Asia. amount of 146 persons, into a small A large sum having been placed by prison called the Black Hole, out the Society for Propogating the Gosof which only 23 came alive the pel in Foreign Parts at the disposal of next morning. It was re-taken the Rev. Dr. Middleton, while bishop the next year; the victory of Plassey of Calcutta, he established Bishop's followed; and the inhuman soubah College. The objects of this instituwas deposed, and put to death by his tion are ;-1. To prepare native and successor. Immediately after this other Christian youths to become victory, the erection of the present preachers, catechists, and schoolmasFort William commenced, which is ters; 2. To teach the elements of superior in regularity and strength to useful knowledge and the English any fort in India, is supposed to have cost about £,2,000,000 sterling, and is capable of containing 15,000 men. No ship can pass without being exposed to the fire of the fort, nor can an enemy approach by land without being discerned at the distance of 10 or 12 miles.

language to Musselmen and Hindoos; 3. To translate the Scriptures, the Liturgy, and tracts; 4. To receive English missionaries, sent out by the society, on their first arrival in India.

The supreme government was induced, in consequence of the late Bishop Heber's known wishes on the subject, to make a large and extremely important addition to the land already granted to the college.

Sir William Jones instituted here, in 1784, the Asiatic S., designed to concentrate all the valuable knowedge, which might be obtained in The following facts will show the India. The "Asiatic Researches" present condition of the college. W. are the productions of this society, H. Mill D. D., Principal; F. Holmes, forming a noble and splendid monu- G. Withers, Professors; W. Morton, ment of British science in a distant W. Tweedle, M. R. Di Mello, T. D. country. Pettinger, missionaries; G. Koch, R. In 1800, the College at Fort Wil- Acheson, catechists; James Sykes, liam was founded by the Marquis printer. The students are 10 in Wellesley, to initiate the English number. The missionaries have the youth, who were to fill the different superintendence of a large number of departments of government, into the native schools. Bishop Turner, in languages of the country, and also to speaking of the college, says, promote the translation of the Scrip- have a powerful instrument in our tures into those languages. Early in hands, which, in the present state of 1801, Dr. Carey was connected with society in India is calculated to prothe institution as teacher of the Ben- duce great effects." galee and Sanscrit, with the design The Rev. John Zack Kiernander, of rendering it the centre of all the from the Society for Promoting translations of Eastern Asia; and to Christian Knowledge, in 1766, was facilitate these purposes, in less than the honored instrument of establish5 years, about 100 learned men, from ing the first Protestant mission in different parts of India, Persia, and Bengal. After laboring many years Arabia, were attached to it; the at Cuddalore, he came to Calcutta, in translations of the Scriptures were 1766; where he erected a place of

"We

worship, and formed a church, which made among the female part of the was the only Protestant one in Ben- community, on a limited scale, for gal for about 30 years. About 1773, want of funds to extend it. We rethe communicants were 173, of whom quire nothing," he continues, "but 104 were natives. In the two suc- pecuniary resources and missionaries, ceeding years 39 were added, mostly to assemble the whole youthful popuHindoos. Amidst numerous discour-lation of our Indian villages, wherever agements, he continued to witness a tree can afford its shade, or a thatchmany precious fruits of his labors; ed roof give shelter. You may easily till 1787; when Mr. Grant purchased imagine the effect of a Christian systhe house for 5500 dollars, called it tem over such plastic minds, and how the Missionary Church, and devoted impossible it is for a superstition, it to its original design. About this founded on ignorance, and abetting time, the Rev. David Brown, some the most revolting cruelties, to withyears first chaplain of the Presidency stand the diffusion of light and and provost of the college at Fort truth."

William, among other zealous efforts While the Bapt. M. S. was deliberfor the promotion of Christianity in ating on its first efforts, the commitIndia, devoted much of his time to tee learned that Mr. John Thomas, the spiritual good of this flock, till about 1811; when the Rev. T. T. Thomason took the charge, and continued to preach for many years in the mission church, to a large and respectable congregation which raised a fund for his support.

who had been several years in Bengal, preaching the Gospel to the natives, was then in London, endeavoring to establish a fund for a mission to that country, and that he was desirous of engaging a companion to return with him to the work. On About 1815, the society renewed particular inquiry, it appeared that its labors in the establishment of Mr. Thomas, after having embraced English and Bengalee schools, and the Gospel, under the ministry of Dr. the circulation of the Scriptures and tracts, under a diocesan committee at Calcutta, who appointed district committees in different parts of India, by which means its labors have become extensive and efficient.

By the report of 1830, we learn that the schools are in a flourishing state. Mrs. Wilson, Miss Ward and Miss Hebron are the teachers. Daily attendance at Centre School

66

Bang Bazaar
Mirzapore

Stennett, went out, in the year 1783, as surgeon of the Oxford East Indiaman: that while he was in Bengal, he felt a desire to communicate the Gospel to the natives; and being encouraged to do so, by a religious friend, he obtained his discharge from the ship; and, after learning the language, continued, from the year 1787 till 1791, preaching Christ in different parts of the country, Of the conver150 to 200 sion of three persons he entertained 50 to 70 hope; two of whom were brahmins. 40 to 60 Mr. Thomas was accordingly invited to join the Rev. Wm. Carey; and 330 having acceded to the proposal, he, About 200 ladies and gentlemen, with Mr. Carey and family, arrived among whom was lady Wm. Bentick, in India in Nov. 1793. Severe trials, attended the previous examination of however, awaited them. Their rethe schools. mittances failed, and they were withThe Rev. Thomas Robinson in 1826, out support. Early in the following secretary to the Calcutta district com- year, Mr. Carey accepted an invitamittee, states, "That their native tion to take charge of an Indian facschools in Bengal hold out most en- tory at Mudnabatty, 200 m. N. of couraging prospects of success, in Calcutta, and Mr. Thomas acceded converting the heathen to our holy to a similar appointment at Moypaulfaith. I have visited these seminaries," diggy, 16 m. further N. Here their he says, "and am satisfied that no hu- means were ample; and at the same man means can be so effectual in sap-time they had charge of several hunping the foundations of idolatry as dred Hindoos, to whom they gave inthey are. A beginning has also been struction, besides preaching to the