and Galatia, which were discovered in 1835, by Texier. The temple of Jupiter, mentioned by Strabo, is 219 feet in length, and 140 in width. It is the most striking monument yet found in Asia Minor.

SCOTLAND.

We have received the proceedings of the General Assembly of the established church, at their last meeting in May, 1836. A principal topic of discussion was the patronage question. In 1649, when patronage was abolished, the nomination of candidates for the ministry was vested in the kirk session, giving a power of assent or rejection to the people. The nomination was afterwards transferred to the heritors and elders, leaving to the people the same rights as before. But in 1712, the patronage act was restored. Dr. W. Thompson of Perth made a motion, that "the assembly, in accord. ance with the repeated declarations of members of former Assemblies, resolve that patronage is a grievance, and that it ought to be abolished," etc. În support of this resolution, he stated that when a minister was introduced into a parish, contrary to their will, they quietly retired to the neighboring secession-meeting house, or they quietly erected a secession-meeting house for themselves, and thus a great part of the most valuable population had gone from the communion of the church of Scotland." This motion was supported by J. C. Colquhoun, Rev. Dr. Gillespie, Mr. Dunlop, and others. It was opposed by Rev. Drs. Simpson and Cook, lord Moncrieff, professor Brown and others. Lord Moncrieff said, "that the constitution of the church of Scotland has been the greatest boon which was ever conferred on any nation in the world. We hold our establishment to be the most glorious edifice ever raised by the wisdom of man, That edifice has existed nearly three centuries, and it has existed under patronage," etc. Dr. Cook maintained that the patronage periods were the most prosperous periods of the church. For the motion 90; against it 191.

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The presbyterian synod of Ulster in Ireland was received into ministerial communion with the assembly. It was ascertained that a large proportion of the synod subscribed to the Westminster confession of faith, and adopted the standards of the church of Scotland, in doctrine, worship, and discipline. The synod has 250 churches. The number of presbyterians in Ireland was stated by Dr. Cooke of Belfast to be 700,000. After a long debate the Assembly refused to "receive the Presbyterian churches of England as a branch of this church, and to be represented in the assembly." They were, however, acknowledged as a branch of the church, and the importance of friendly mutual communications declared. It was found that a majority of the Scottish presbyteries had decided that a Hebrew critical exercise should be required from students in divinity.

The mission at Bombay of the Scottish Missionary Society is now entirely under the superintendence of the assembly. Dr. Duff's establishment at Calcutta was reported as in a prosperous state.

GERMANY.

For most of the following facts respecting Germany we are indebted to a conversation with a friend just returned from that country. Marheineke of Berlin is publishing a work on Christian Symbolik. The part printed relates to the doctrines of the catholic church. — Prof. Daub of Heidelberg is bringing out a work on Dogmatics, in which he finds fault with Tholuck on the ground that the latter is not scientific. Tholuck is now engaged in preparing a work in one large volume, in answer to Strauss of Tübingen, whose life of Christ is mentioned on p. 515. He will go fully into the external evidences of the gospels, or rather what in this country are termed the internal. Strauss' work is in two volumes. It is said that he wishes to write a third showing that he is still orthodox. On the publication of his volumes, he was removed from Tübingen by the government to a gymnasium at Ludwigsberg. He is not related to the court-preacher at Berlin of the same name. Hegel, who was the Coryphaeus of moral philosophers of the north of Germany, has a much smaller number of disciples than the preceding mas ters. Bretschneider is publishing a complete edition of the works of Melancthon, in three large quarto volumes. They will contain unpublished letters of Melancthon and of Calvin. It is rather a curious fact that many of the letters have no date. The reputation of Calvin was never so great in Germany as it is now. Tauchnitz, (the son, the father died 13th Jan. 1836), is publishing a new and improved edition of Buxtorf's Hebrew Concordance in a small quarto form. The chapters and verses are in Roman numerals; Noldius' Concordance of particles is combined. Three or four letters are printed. J. C. S. Lechner, the young scholar, who prepared the Compend of Rosenmüller's Commentary on the Pentateuch, etc., under the direction of the author, will proceed to complete a Compend of the remaining portions of the Old Testament. Rosenmüller's valuable library has been purchased by the university of Leipsic. A new and splendid university building is now erecting for that institution. Twesten of Berlin, (in the place of Schleiermacher), is engaged on the second volume of his Dogmatik. He is a man of warm-hearted piety. He does not often preach.-Guerike has been removed from his professorship at Halle. He preached for some time to a small Lutheran congregation, but is now forbid

He studied with a view to a foreign mission at Dr. Blumhardt's mission seminary at Basle.

den. His feelings towards the Calvinists are not of the most tolerant kind. Some Roman catholics in Silesia have attempted to get the laws respecting the celibacy of the clergy altered. Many of them are married notwithstanding. The king permits them to fight out the controversy.-Diesterweg, superintendent of a school for the education of teachers in Berlin, has lately attacked the university system of education. He wishes to separate the school system entirely from the church. A earnest controversy on the subject is going on. Animal magnetism is exciting continued attention in Germany. Some distinguished men are of opinion that the soul leaves the body in certain states, and wanders about in other systems. - A great revolution is going on against Goethe and in favor of Schiller. Gesenius is engaged on the subject of Egyptian numismatics. His Thesaurus is in suspenso.

The Epistle to the Romans continues to attract great attention in Germany, as it does in this country. Within three or four years have appeared, among others, the commentaries of Rückert, Kölner, Reiche and H. Olshausen. The last (1835) is a continuation of the author's invaluable commentary on the whole New Testament. He is a co-worker with Tholuck, but is said to lean more to the views of Augustine. He writes as one who has an experimental acquaintance with the sublime truths on which he comments. H. A. C. Hävernick of the university of Rostock has lately published a Manual of an historico-critical Introduction to the Old Testament. He is a pupil and friend of Tholuck, and is favorably know by his elaborate commentary on the book of Daniel. The part of his introduction published treats of the origin, progress, and completion of the canon; the persons by whom it was formed; the grounds on which any book was received into it; its divisions; extent; the apocryphal books, etc. He avows his decided conviction, that the Hebrew Bible contained precisely the same books in the time of our Lord and of his apostles which it now does. The second chapter embraces an historical inquiry into the languages of the Old Testament, and the cognate dialects. The system of the vowel-points is discussed with much ability. Hengstenberg has an excellent Introduction to the Old Testament in manuscript. De Wette's is still very popular in Germany.

RUSSIA.

A scientific expedition left St. Petersburgh in July last in order to determine the difference of level between the Black and the Caspian Seas. Prof. Parrot, who ascended mount Ararat, is warmly engaged in promoting the undertaking. Nicholas subscribed 50,000 roubles. The new Russian Conversations Lexicon has 7000 subscriOne of the most elegant specimens of printing, which has been seen, is the Mantchoo New Testament, now in the press at St. Petersburgh.

bers.

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CENTRAL ASIA.

Futeh Ali Shah, nephew of the preceding king, Agà Mohammed, ascended the throne of Persia in 1797. During a considerable part of his reign, the direction of affairs was principally in the hands of his son, the prince Abbas Mirza. This prince died early in 1834. On the first of November, 1834, the throne became vacant by the death of the aged king. After many tumultuary proceedings, Mohammed Mirza, son of Abbas, who had been designated by his grandfather as his successor, attained to the sovereign power. He was crowned king on the 21st of Dec. 1835. The old king had 800 sons and grandsons. Mohammed was somewhat distinguished in the last war with Russia. Though a rigid Moslem, his character is said to be good in several respects. Mr. Merrick, American missionary says "the king is universally represented by the Europeans resident at his court, as a lover of justice, and really desirous for the improvement of his country. He is still anxious to have a European high school at his capital." Great insubordination, however, prevails in various parts of the kingdom. The prospects of the missions are, for the present, dark.

Martin Honigberger, born in 1795, at Kronstadt, in Transylvania, has been, for several years, travelling in Central Asia. He went from Damascus to Bagdad, thence to Shiraz and Isfahân, back to Bagdad, thence to Lahore, Afghanistan, Balkh, Bokhara, over the steppes to Kizilkoom, Orenburg, and St. Petersburgh. He resided three months in Bokhara. He proposes to compile a copious account of his travels. His collection of coins and other curiosities is very great. A newspaper is to be printed at the new printing office at Tiflis, called the "Transcaucasian newspaper."-Col. Chesney has accomplished his perilous undertaking of reaching the Persian gulf by a steam-boat on the Euphrates. He proposes to ascend on the rise of the river in May next. The subject of a steam navigation to India, is eliciting a warm discussion in Great Britain and in India. The Red Sea and the Euphrates' partizans are equally confident. The advocates for the former predict, that besides the difficulties with the Arab tribes on the banks of the Euphrates, and the shallowness of the water at some seasons of the year, it will teach the Russian autocrat a dangerous lesson. In other words, it will open a road for his Cossacks to Bombay.

SOUTH AFRICA.

Dr. Smith's exploring expedition to Central Africa has returned to Cape Town. The association, under whose patronage it went out, held a meeting on the 19th of May, at which Sir J. F. W. Herschel presided. It was voted, "That the thanks of the meeting are peculiarly due to the missionaries who have aided so much the objects of the expedition." The limit to which Dr. S. penetrated was 23° 26'

south lat. He had intercourse with twenty-seven native tribes, and received information respecting sixteen others, that he did not see. He laid down the geographical position of many places which are not on any of the maps. The collection of the members of the expedition contains 180 skins of new or rare quadrupeds, 3379 skins of new or rare birds, three barrels of skins of snakes and lizards, one box of insects, two skeletons of crocodiles, 23 tortoises new or rare, 799 geological specimens, and one package of dried plants. They found that the Hottentot race extends to within three weeks of the tropic. Another expedition will soon be undertaken by Dr. Smith.

CORRESPONDENCE.-We have received a letter from the Rev. W. H. Pearce, English Baptist missionary at Calcutta, enclosing for the Repository a learned article from the pen of his fellow-laborer, the Rev. Mr. Yates. We make an extract from his communication: "It has been for some years my happiness to receive the successive numbers of the Repository. It may be gratifying to you to know that in this distant city, on the shores of the Ganges, your periodical is read by myself, and by several of my missionary associates, with interest and profit. May its circulation and usefulness be greatly increased." "I affectionately hope that the missionary spirit is still spreading throughout your country, and that India may be constantly supplied with large importations of her worthy sons, to aid us in the blessed work of converting her swarming myriads to Christ. There is no fear of sending too many, be it of whatever denomination it may."

We make an extract from a letter which we have received from an eminent geologist: "I am glad to see Prof. H. so assiduously engaged in the study of diluvium. It is a glorious field for research, and will ultimately prove that the last deluge was not solely an act of retributive justice, but of divine mercy. The admixture of loose materials forming soils was in part effected by this grand cataclysm, and the surface of the earth made more productive by this dispensation of Providence. I have never seen this view of the subject taken by others, and shall endeavor to throw some light upon it by my researches in Maine. It seems strange to me that it should have been thus far overlooked by geologists and theologians. We have every where in Maine the most decided proofs of a current of water hav ing swept over the surface of the land transporting the disintegrated rocks, bowlders, and soils from the north and north-west to the south and south-east. I now have before me the diluvial hills and valleys of Augusta, composed of soils derived from the rocks situated to the north of this place, while the deeply cut valleys, some of which are 2000 feet deep and denuded to the tertiary clay, have a general north and south direction."