keeping his own conquests besides, with Anjou, Maine, Touraine, and the sovereignty over Brittany. They held July 11. 4. Demands so exorbitant the Duke of Burgundy did not dare to accept, and as a last resource, he and the dauphin agreed to be reconciled and to unite in the defence of their country against the enemy. a personál interview, embraced each other, and signed a treaty, by which they promised each to love the other as a brother, and to offer a joint resistance to the invaders. A further meeting was arranged to take place about seven weeks later to complete matters and to consider their future policy. France was delighted at the prospect of internal harmony and the hope of deliverance from her enemies. But at the second interview an event occurred which marred all her prospects once more. The meeting had been appointed to take place at Montereau, where the river Yonne falls into the Seine. The duke, remembering doubtless, how he himself had perfidiously murdered the Duke of Orleans, allowed the day originally appointed to pass by, and came to the place at last after considerable misgivings, which appear to have been overcome by the exhortations of treacherous friends. When he arrived he found a place railed in with barriers for the meeting. He nevertheless advanced, accompanied by ten attendants, and being told that the dauphin waited for him, he came within the barriers, which were immediately closed behind him. The dauphin was accompanied by one or two gentlemen, among whom was his devoted servant, Tannegui du Châtel, who had saved him from the Parisian massacre. This Tannegui had been formerly a servant of Louis Duke of Orleans, whose murder he had been eagerly seeking an opportunity to revenge; and as the Duke of Burgundy knelt before the dauphin, he struck him a violent Murder of the Duke of Burgundy. blow on the head with a battle-axe. The attack was immediately followed up by two or three others, who, before the duke was able to draw his sword, had closed in around him and despatched him with a multitude of wounds. 5. The effect of this crime was what might have been anticipated. Nothing could have been more favourable to the aggressive designs of Henry, or more ruinous to the party of the dauphin, with whose complicity it had been too evidently committed. Philip, the son and heir of the murdered Duke of Burgundy, at once sought means to revenge his father's death. The people of Paris became more than ever enraged against the Armagnacs, and entered into negotiations with the King of England. The new Duke Philip and Queen Isabel did the same, the latter being no less eager than the former for the punishment of her own son. Within less than three months they made up their minds to waive every scruple as to the acceptance of Henry's most exorbitant demands. He was to have the Princess Catherine in marriage, and, the dauphin being disinherited, to succeed to the crown of France on her father's death. He was also to be regent during King Charles's life; and all who held honours or offices of any kind in France were at once to swear allegiance to him as their future sovereign. Henry, for his part, was to use his utmost power to reduce to obedience those towns and places within the realm which adhered to the dauphin or the Armagnacs. 6. A treaty on this basis was at length concluded at Troyes in Champagne on May 21, 1420, and on Trinity Sunday, June 2, Henry was married to the Princess Catherine. Shortly afterwards, the treaty was formally registered by the states of the realm at Paris, when the dauphin was condemned and attainted as guilty of the murder of the Duke of Burgundy and declared in A.D. 1420. May 21. Treaty of Troyes Henry's marriage. capable of succeeding to the crown. But the state of affairs left Henry no time for honeymoon festivities. On the Tuesday after his wedding he again put himself at the head of his army, and marched with Philip of Burgundy to lay siege to Sens, which in a few days capitulated. Montereau and Melun were next besieged in succession, and each, after some resistance, was compelled to surrender. The latter siege lasted nearly four months, and during its continuance Henry fought a single combat with the governor in the mines, each combatant having his vizor down and being unknown to the other. The governor's name was Barbason, and he was one of those accused of complicity in the murder of the Duke of Orleans; but in consequence of this incident, Henry saved him from the capital punishment which he would otherwise have incurred on his capture. V. Henry's Third Invasion of France-His Death. A.D. 1421. 1. Towards the end of the year Henry entered Paris in triumph with the French king and the Duke of Burgundy. He there kept Christmas, and shortly afterwards removed with his Queen into Normandy on his return into England. He held a parliament at Rouen to confirm his authority in the duchy, after which he passed through Picardy and Calais, and crossing the sea came by Dover and Canterbury to London. By his own subjects, and especially in the capital, he and his bride were received with profuse demonstrations of joy. The Queen was crowned at Westminster with great magnificence, and afterwards Henry went a progress with her through the country, making pilgrimages to several of the more famous shrines in England. The Queen crowned, Feb. 24. 2. But while he was thus employed, a great calamity Battle of befell the English power in France, which, when the news arrived in England, made it apparent that the King's presence was again much needed across the Channel. His brother, the Duke of Clarence, whom he had left as his lieutenant, was defeated and slain at Beaugé in Anjou by an army of French and Scots, a number of English noblemen being also slain or taken prisoners. This was the first important advantage the dauphin had gained, and the credit of the victory was mainly due to his Scotch allies. For the Duke of Albany, who was Regent of Scotland, though it is commonly supposed that he was unwilling to give needless offence to England lest Henry should terminate his power by setting the Scotch king at liberty, had been compelled by the general sympathy of the Scots with France to send a force under his son the Earl of Buchan to serve against the English. The service which they did in that battle was so great that the Earl of Buchan was created by the dauphin Constable of France. 3. Again Henry crossed the sea with a new army, having borrowed large sums for the expenses of the ex Henry's third invasion of France. pedition. Before he left England he made a private treaty with his prisoner King James of Scotland, promising to let him return to his country after the campaign in France on certain specified conditions, among which it was agreed that he should take the command of a body of troops in aid of the English. James had accompanied him in his last campaign, and Henry had endeavoured to make use of his authority to forbid the Scots in France from taking part in the war, but they had refused to acknowledge themselves bound to a king who was a captive. By this agreement, however, Henry obtained real assistance and co-operation from his prisoner, whom he employed, in concert with the Duke of Gloucester, in the siege of Dreux, which very soon surrendered. He himself meanwhile marched towards the Loire to meet the dauphin, and took Beaugency; then returning northwards, first reduced Villeneuve on the Yonne, and afterwards laid siege to Meaux on the Marne. The latter place held out for seven months, and while Henry lay before it, he received intelligence that his queen had borne him a son at Windsor, who was christened Henry. Birth of A. D. 1422. May 10. 4. The city of Meaux surrendered on May 10, 1422. The governor, a man who had been guilty of great cruelties, was beheaded, and his head and body were suspended from a tree, on which he himself had caused a number of people to be hanged as adherents of the Duke of Burgundy. Henry was now master of the greater part of the north of France, and his queen came over from England to join him, with reinforcements under his brother the Duke of Bedford. But he was not permitted to rest; for the dauphin, having taken from his ally the Duke of Burgundy the town of La Charité on the Loire, proceeded to lay siege to Côsne, and Philip, having applied to Henry for assistance, he sent forward the Duke of Bedford with his army, intending shortly to follow himself. This demonstration was sufficient. The dauphin felt that he was too weak to contend with the united English and Burgundian forces, and he withdrew from the siege. Illness and death of Henry V. 5. Henry, however, was disabled from joining the army by a severe attack of dysentery; and though he had at first hoped that he might be carried in a litter to head-quarters, he soon found that the illness was far too serious to permit him to carry out his intention. He was accordingly conveyed back to Vincennes near Paris, where he grew so rapidly worse that it was evident his end was near. In a few |