Benson (ben'son), Joseph. English Methodist divine and author......1748-1821. Bentham (běn'tam, or ben'tham), Jeremy. English political and jurisprudential writer..

Beust, von (fon boist), Friedrich Ferdinand, Count. Ger. statesman..1809
Beveridge (běv'er-ij), William. English prelate and orientalist.......1637-1708.
Bewick (bü'ik), Thomas. English artist and wood-engraver.......
Beyle (bal), Marie Henri. Stendhal. French writer..

..1748-1832. Bentinck (běn'tIngk), Geo. Fred. Cavendish, Lord. English statesman..1802-1848. Bentinck, William. Dutch statesman. First earl of Portland.. ..1649-1709. Bentivoglio (běn-te-vôl'yo), Cornelio. Italian cardinal and art patron..1668-1732. Bentley (běnt'li), Richard. English critic and classical scholar..... .1662-1742. Benton (běn'ton), Thomas Hart. American statesman.. 1782-1858. ..1769-1844. Benzel (běnt'sel), Eric. Archbp. of Upsal. Swedish scholar and author..1675-1743. Benzoni (běn-zo'nee), Geronimo. Italian voyager.. .1519? Béranger, de (beh bâ'rŏn'zhâ'), Pierre Jean. French lyric poet.. ...1780-1857. Bérard (ba/raR'), Auguste. French surgeon... .1802-1846. Bérard, Auguste Simon Louis. French statesman and director-general of mines. ..1783-1859. 1797-1858. .1765-1839. Car..fl. 1502.

Benvenuti (běn-va-noo'tee), Carlo. Italian math. and philosopher....1716-1789. Benvenuti, Pietro. Italian painter...

Bérard, Pierre Honoré. French surgeon..

Berchoux (bĕR'shoo'), Joseph. French poet..

Berengario (bâ-ren-gä're-o; Lat. Barenga'rius), Giacomo.

pensis. Italian surgeon and anatomist..
Bérenger de Tours (bâ/ron/zhâ' deh tooR'). French ecclesiastic..... 998-1088.
Berenice (běr-e-ni'se), or Berni'ce. Jewish Queen. Favorite of Titus..28? aft. 70.
Beresford (běr'es-ford), William Carr, Viscount. British general.. .1768-1854.
Berg, von (fon berg), Joachim. German philanthropist..

Bergamasco (ber-gä-mäs'ko). See Castello, Giovanni Battista..
Bergasse (běr gäss'), Nicolas. French jurist and writer....

.1526-1602.

Bērza (Fr. de Bèze, deh bâz), Théodore. French reformer and Calvinistic theologian....

1753-1828. .1783-1842.

...1519-1605.

.1800 .1470-1520.

.1750-1778.

Biagioli (be-ä-jo'lee), Nicolò Giosafatte. Italian littérateur in Paris...1768-1830.
Bianchi (be-än'kee), Giovanni Battista. Italian anatomist and writer..1681-1761.
Bianchini (be-än-kee'nee), Francesco. Italian philos. and mathem...1662-1729.
Bianconi (be-än-ko'nee), Charles. Inventor of the Irish car system...1787?
Biard (b'yaR), Auguste François. French painter..
Bibbiena (beb-e-a'nä), Bernardo. Italian cardinal.
Bichat (be/shä'), Marie François Xavier. Fr. physiol. and anatomist..1771-1802.
Bickersteth (bik'er-steth), Rev. Edward. English theological writer..1786-1850.
Biddle (bid'l), John. The Father of English Unitarians. Eng. theol..1615-1662.
Biddle, Nicholas. American financier. President of the U. S. bank...1786-1844.
Biddle, Nicholas. American naval commander..
Biela, von (fon bee'lä), Wilhelm. German astronomer.
Bielski (be-el'skee), Martin. Polish historian..
Bienville, de (dẹh bê ăn/vel'), Jean Baptiste Lemoine, Sieur.
governor of Louisiana and founder of New Orleans..
Bierstadt (beer'stät), Albert. American landscape-painter..
Bigelow (big'c-lō), Erastus Brigham. American inventor..
Bigelow, Jacob. American physician, botanist, and writer...
Bignon (ben'yoN'), Louis Pierre Édouard. Fr. historian and statesman.1771-1841.
Biheron (be/rôn', or be'g'rôn'), Marie Catherine. French anatomist....
..1719-1786.
Bilderdijk, or Bilderdyk (bil'der-dik), Willem. Dutch poet.......1766-1831.
Bilfinger (bil'fing-er) or Bülffinger, Georg Bernhard. German phys

.1782-1866.

.1495-1576.

Colonial

.1680-1768.

1828 -.

1814

1787-1879

Bernard (ber'nard), Sir Francis. Governor of Massachusetts..
Bernardes (bĕr-när'dĕs), Diogo. Portuguese poet..
Bernard de Menthon (běR/näR' deh mox'tôN'), Saint. Founder of
the hospices, Great and Little Saint Bernard...
Bernardo del Carpio (běr-närꞌdo del käR'pe-o). Spanish soldier....fl. 9th c.
Bernhard (běrn'hart). Duke of Saxe-Weimar. Protestant general....1604-1639.
Bernhard (běRn'hart), Karl. Pseud. of St.-Aubain. Danish novelist..1800?-1865.
Bernhardi (bĕRn-hаR'dee), August Ferdinand. Ger. philologist... .1769?-1820.
Berni (bĕR'nee), or Bernia (běR'ne-ä), Francesco. Ital. burlesque poet.1490?-1536.
Bernier (běr ne-a′), François. French traveler and physician.. .1630?-1688.
Bernini (bĕr-nee'nee), Giovanni Lorenzo. The Cavalier Bernini. Italian
painter, sculptor, and architect....

1714-1779. 1540?-1596.

Birkbeck (bûrk'bek), George. English physician and philanthropist..1776-1841.
Birney (bûr'ni), James G. American antislavery politician..
Biron, de (deh be'rôN'), Armand Louis de Gontaut, Duc de Lauzun.
French military commander....
Bischoff (bish'of), Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm. Ger. anat. and physiologist.1807
Bishop (bish'op), Sir Henry Rowley. English musical composer... 1780-1855.
Bismarck (biz'märk), Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince. Prussian statesman. 1815
Björnson (be-yöRn'son), Björnstjerne. Norwegian author..
Black (blak), Joseph. Scottish chemist and anatomist.
Black Hawk. American Indian chief...

1792-1857.

.1747-1793.

1712-1772. Beroaldo (ba-ro-äl'do), Filippo. The Elder. Ital. scholar and writer. 1453-1505. Berquin (běR/kǎx'), Arnaud. L'Ami des Enfants. French writer....1749-1791. Berrien (běr'I-en), John McPherson. American lawyer and statesman..1781-1856. Berry, or Berri, de (deh bĕr'I; Fr. pron. ba're'), Caroline Ferdinande

Louise, Duchesse. Daughter of Ferdinand I., K. of the Two Sicilies..1798-1870. Berryer (běR'e-ya'), Antoine Pierre. French political orator and leader.. 1790-1868. Bertaut (běr'to'), Jean. French bishop of Séez, and poet.. .1552-1611. Berthelot (běrt/lo), Pierre Eugène Marcellin. French chemist.. ..1827 Berthet (bĕR/tâ'), Elie Bertrand. French novelist.

Berthier (běr'te-â'), Louis Alexandre. Prince of Wagram. Marshal of France..

1815 -.

.1753-1815. .1803-1861. 1748-1822.

Blaine (blan), James Gillespie. American politician and senator.. Blainville, de (děh blăn/vêl'), Henri Marie Ducrotay. French zoologist and physician....

.....1776-1834. ....1830

1777-1850.

Blair (blair), Hugh. Scottish divine and professor of rhetoric.... Blake (blak), Robert. British admiral...

1718-1800.

.1599?-1657.

Berthold (běn'tōlt), Arnold Adolf. German physiologist..
Berthollet (běr'to'lâ'), Claude Louis. French chemist...
Berthoud (běr too'), Ferdinand. Swiss inventor of marine clocks.....1727-1807.
Bertin (běr tan'), Louis François. French journalist..
...1766-1841.

Blanqui (bloke'), Jérôme Adolphe. French political economist......1798-1854. Blanqui, Louis Auguste. Brother. French socialistic revolutionist....1805 Blennerhassett (blen-er-hǎs'et), Harman. Associate of Aaron Burr..1765-1831. Blessington (blěs'ing-ton), Margaret, née Power, Countess of. Irish

woman of letters...

.1789-1849.

Bertini (běR-tee'nee), Henri. English and French composer and pianist..1798
Bertrand, de (deh běR/trŎN'), Henri Gratien, Comte. French general..1773-1844.
Bertuch (běr'took), Friedrich Justin. German journalist and author..1747-1822.
Bérulle (bâ/rül'), Pierre, French cardinal and founder of the Carmelite
order in France....
· · . . . . . 1575—1629.
Berwick (běr'ík), James Fitz-James, Duke of. Marshal of France....1670-1734.
Berzelius (ber-zee'll-us; Sw. pron. bĕr-zil'le-us), Johan Jakob, Baron.
Swedish chemist..

..1779-1848.

Bescherelle (běsh'rěl'), Louis Nicolas. Fr. grammarian and lexicogr..1802 Beskow (běs'kov), Bernard. Swedish dramatist.

Bloemen, van (vän bloo'men), John Francis. Flemish painter.. Blom (blom), Karl Magnus. Swedish naturalist and physician.. Blomfield (blum'feeld), Charles James. Bishop of London..

1656-1740.

.1787-1815.

..1786-1867.

..1796

Bessarion (běs-sā'rī-on), John, or Basil (bā'sil). Greek cardinal and patriarch of Constantinople...........

Blondel (blox del'), François. French architect and military engineer..1617-1686. Bloomfield (bloom'feeld), Robert. English poet....

.1766-1823.

1395?-1472.

Bloomfield, Samuel Thomas. English divine and scholar.......................... Blount (blunt), Charles. English deistical writer..

.1790-1869.

1556-1613.

German author.

.1785-1867. 1747-1826. 1819 .1530-1596.

1536? 62.

Bordeu, de (dch boR/dth'), Théophile. French medical writer.... Bordone (boR-do'nâ), Paride. Italian painter....

Blunt (blunt), Edmund March. American nautical writer..
Bluntschli (bloontch'lee), Johann Kasper. German jurist..
Boabdil (bo-äb-del'). El Chico. Last Moorish king of Grenada.
Boaden (bō'den), James. English writer....
Boadicea (bo-ad-I-se'a). British queen..
Boardman (bōrdʼman), George Dana.

American missionary..

1762-1839. .1801-1831. .fl. 1500. ...1313-1375. Boccage, du (dü bo-kä'zha), Manoel Maria Barbosa. Portuguese poet..1771-1806. Boccage, du (dü bō'käzh′), Marie Anne Le Page. French poetess.....1710—1802. Boccalini (bok-ä-lee'nee), Trajano. Italian satirist.. Bochart (boʻshäR'), Samuel. French scholar and Protestant theologian.1599-1667. Bockh (bok), August. German philanthropist and antiquary. Bode (bo'dgh), Johann Elert. German astronomer.. Bodenstedt (bo'den-stet), Friedrich Martin. Bodin (boʻdăN'), Jean. French political writer..

Bobadilla, de (dâ bo-bä-deel'yä), Francisco. Spanish political administrator. Sent Columbus in chains to Spain...

Boccaccio (bok-kät'cho); in French and old English, Boccace (bokäss'), Giovanni. Italian novelist....

.1798-1856. 1722-1776. ..1510?-1588.

Bory de Saint Vincent (bo-re dch săn văNSĂN), Jean Baptiste
George Marie. French naturalist and geographer....
Bos (bos), or Bosch (bosk), Hieronymus. Le Joyeux. Dutch painter..1450?-1500?
Bosc (bosk), Louis Augustin Guillaume. French naturalist..
Boscan Almogaver (bōs-kän' äl-mo-gä-vêr'), Juan. Reformer of
Spanish poetry

..1780-1846.

.1759-1828.

1500?-1544.

.1773-1841. 1823 1507?-1536. 1678-1751.

Boissard (bwä’SäR'), Jean Jacques. French antiquary and poet.. Boisserée (bwäs'râ'), Sulpice. Prussian architect and antiquary Boissieu, de (dgh bwä'se'uh'), Jean Jacques. French engraver.. Boissonade (bwä/so/ näd′), Jean François. French philologist.. Boiste (bwäst), Pierre Claude Victoire. French lexicographer.. Boivin (bwä/vǎN'), Marie Anne Victoire Gillain. French physician and

Boker (bō'ker), George Henry. American poet
Boleyn (bool'in), Anne. Wife of Henry VIII. of England..
Bolingbroke (bŏl'ing-brook; formerly bool'ing-brook), Henry Saint
John, Viscount. English statesman and political writer...
Bolivar (boli-var; Sp. pron. bo-lee'väR), Simon. Liberator of Bolivia. 1783-1830.
Bologna, da (dä bo-lōn'yä), Giovanni. Flemish sculptor in Italy.....1524-1608.
Bolognini (bo-lôn-yee'nee), Giov. Battista. The Elder. Ital. painter..1611-1688.
Bolton (bōl'ton), Robert. English Puritan divine and author..
Bombelli (bom-bel'ee), Rafaello. Italian mathematician....
Bon de Saint-Hilaire (bôn dẹh sẵn'te'lâR'), François Xavier. French
scholar and writer..

Boucher (bow'cher), Jonathan. English political writer and philologist. 1788 ?-1804. Boucher de Perthes (boo'shā' đěh pârt'), Jacques. French archæologist...

Boudinot (boo'de-not), Elias. American patriot and philanthropist....1740-1821. Boudot (boo'do'), Jean. French author. [Latin-French Dictionary.].1685-1754. Bouflers, de (deh boo'flêR'), Louis François, Duc. Marshal of France. 1644-1711. Bougainville, de (deh boo'găn/vēl′), Louis Antoine. French navigator

1572-1631.

fl. 16th c.

.1678-1761.

Bonaparte (bo'na-pärt; It. pron. bo-nä-pär'tá), Napoleon. Napoleon I. Emperor of the French.

and geographical discoverer. Bouguer (boo'ga'), Pierre. French mathematician.... Bouhours (boo/OOR'), Dominique. French Jesuit and critic.. Bouillé, de (deh boo/yâ'), François Claude Amour, Marquis. French general and writer..

...1729-1811. ...1698-1758. 1628-1702.

.1739-1800.

..1769-1821.

Bouillon, de (deh boo'yôs'), Godfrey. Hero of the First Crusade....1060 ?-1100.
Bouillon, de (dgh boo'yôN'), Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Duc.
French marshal.

.1555-1623.

Botticelli (bot-e-chěl'ee), Sandro. Italian painter....

.1440-1515.

Bottiger (böt'e-ger), Karl August. German archæologist.. Bottiger, Karl Wilhelm. Swedish poet....

1760-1835.

.1807

Botts, John Minor. American politician...

.1802-1869.

Bouchardon (boo'shaR'dÖN'), Edme. French sculptor...

.1698-1762.

........1788-1868. Bouchet (boo'shâ'), Claude Antoine. French surgeon... ..........1785-1889. Boucicault (boo'se kō'), Dion. Irish dramatist and actor.. ..1822

1822 .1811-1832.

.1803-1857.

Bonaparte, Charles Lucien Jules Laurent. Son of Lucien. Writer on
natural philosophy..
Bonaparte, Jérôme. Brother of Napoleon I. King of Westphalia....1784-1860.
Bonaparte, Joseph. Brother of Napoleon I. King of Naples and Spain..1768-1844.
Bonaparte, Louis. Brother of Napoleon I. King of Holland..... .....1778-1846.
Bonaparte, Lucien. Brother of Napoleon I. Prince of Canino... .1775-1840.
Bonaparte, Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul. Prince Napoleon. Son of
Jérôme...
Bonaparte, Napoleon II., or Napoléon François Charles Joseph. Son
of Napoleon I. and Maria Louisa...

Bonaparte, Napoleon III., or Charles Louis Napoléon, known as Louis Napoleon. Son of Louis. Emperor of the French..

.1808-1873.

Bourdaloue (boor/dä/loo'), Louis. French Jesuit preacher.. Bourdon (book'dôN'), Isidore. French physician and author. Bourdon, Louis Pierre Marie. French mathematician... Bourdon, Sébastien. French painter....

..1796

..1799-1854.

.1616-1671.

Bonaventura (bo-nä-věn-too'rä), Saint. The Seraphic Doctor. Italian scholastic theologian...

1221-1274.

Bourgeois (bur-jois'), Sir Francis. English painter...
Bourguet (boor'ga'), Louis. French antiquary and naturalist....
Bourignon (boo/ren'yox'), Antoinette. Flemish fanatic..
Bourmont, de (deh boor'môx'), Louis Auguste Victor. Comte de
Ghaisne. Marshal of France..

.1756-1811.

....1678-1742.

1616-1680.

.1773-1946.

Bond, William Cranch. American astronomer..

.1789-1859.

Bondi (bon'dee), Clemente. Italian poet..

.1742-1821.

Bonheur (bo/nUR'), Mlle. Rosalie, called Rosa. Fr. painter of animals. 1822

Bourne (boorn), Hugh. English founder of the Primitive Methodists..1772-1852. Bourrienne, de (deh boo're-en'), Louis Antoine Fauvelet. French diplomatist and biographer..

.1769-1834.

Boniface (bōn'e-fass; Fr. pron. bo ne'fäss'), I. Pope..

422.

Boniface, Winfrid, Saint. The Apostle of Germany...

680?-755.

Boussingault (boo'săx/go'), Jean Baptiste Joseph Dieudonné. French chemist..

..1802

Boniface VIII. Cardinal Benedetto Gaetani. Pope..

1228-1303.

Bonnechose, de (deh bon'shōz'), François Paul Émile Boisnormand.
French historian and miscellaneous writer....
Bonner (bōn'er), Edmund. Bishop of London. Persecutor........
Bonnet (bona), Charles. Swiss naturalist and philosopher..
Bonneval, de (deh bon'väl'), Claude Alexandre, Comte. French ad-

.1801-1875.

Bouterwek (boo'ter-wěk), Friedrich. German philosopher and critic..1766-1828.
Boutwell (bowt'wel), George Sewall. American politician..
Bouvart (boo/van'), Alexis. French astronomer..

..1818

..1767-1843.

.1495?-1569.

.1720-1793.

Bouvier (boo-veer'), John. American jurist and writer.. Bouvier (boo/vya'), André Marie Joseph. French physician.. Bovadilla (bo-vä-deel'yä). See Bobadilla.

..1787-1851.

...1746-1827.

venturer.

.1675-1747.

Bonneville (bon'vil), Benjamin L. E. American soldier and traveler..1795?-1878.
Bonnivard, de (deh boʻne/väR'), François. Prisoner of Chillon.. 1496-1570.
Bonnycastle (bon'i-kas/l), John. English mathematician..
Bononcini (bo-non-chee'nee), Giovanni Battista. Italian composer. 1670?-aft. 1752.
Bonpland (bon/plŎN'), Aimé. French botanist and traveler..
Bonstetten, de (deh bon'stět-en), Charles Victor. Swiss author......1745-1832.

Bowdich (bow'ditch), Thomas Edward. English traveler in Africa.....1790-1824.
Bowditch (bow'ditch), Nathaniel. American mathematician..
Bowdoin (bō'd'n), James. American statesman...

..1773-1838.

..1727-1790.

..1811

.1826-1878.

.1762-1850.

Bradley (brad'll), James. English astronomer..

Bradford (brăd'ford), William. Second governor of Plymouth colony. 1589-1657. Bradford, William. First printer in Pennsylvania..

Bruce (broos), James. Scottish traveler... Bruce, Robert. King of Scots.. Brucker (brook'er), Johann Jakob.

.1803-1876. .......1780-1794. ...1274-1329.

German historian and divine.....1696-1770.

Bradshaw (brad'shaw), John. English judge.

Bradstreet (brad'street), Anne. New England poetess. Bradstreet, John. American major-general...

Brande (brand), William Thomas. English chemist.. Brandt (bränt), Joseph. Thayandanega. Mohawk chief..

1444-1514. .1788-1866. .1742?-1807.

Brantôme (bros/tom'), Pierre de Bourdeilles. French historian.......1527?-1614. Brascassat (brä'cä/sä'), Jacques Raymond. French painter...

.1805

Brasseur de Bourbourg (bra'sUR' deh boor/booR'), Charles Étienne.

1660-1752. 1692-1762. 1586-1659. 1612-1672. .1711-1774.

Brad'wardín, Thomas. The Profound Doctor. Archbp. of Canterbury. 1290-1349. Bragg (bråg), Braxton. American confederate general... ..1815-1876.

Brahe (bra, or brä; Danish pron. brä'ěh), Tycho. Danish astronomer.. 1546-1601. Brainerd (bra'ngrd), David. American missionary to the Indians.....1718-1747. Bramah (brā'ma), Joseph. English inventor of Bramah press... 1749-1814. Bramante d'Urbino (brä-män'tâ door-bee'no), Donato Lazzari. Ital

ian architect, painter, poet, and musician..

Brueys d'Aigalliers (brü'â' dâ'ga'lya'), François Paul. Fr. admiral..1753-1798. Brugnatelli (broon-yä-těl'ee), Luigi Gasparo. Italian chemist and

natural philosopher.. ......1761-1818. Brummell (brům'el), George Bryan. Beau Brummel. English fop...1778-1840. Brumoy (brü/mwä'), Pierre. French writer ....1688-1742. Brun (broon), Friedrike Sophie Christiane. German authoress........1765-1835. Brunacci (broo-nät'chee), Vincenzo. Ital. mathematician and writer..1768-1818. Brunck (broonk), Richard François Philippe. French critic.. Brune (brün), Guillaume Marie Anne. French general... Brunehaut (brün/ho'). Consort of Sigebert of Austrasia.. Brunel (bru-něl'), Isambard Kingdom. Son. English engineer.. Brunel, Sir Mark Isambard. Engineer of the Thames Tunnel. Brunelleschi (broo-něl-lěs'kee), Filippo. Florentine architect.. Brunet (brü'na'), Jacques Charles. French bibliographer. Brunings (brü'nings), Christian. Dutch hydraulic engineer..... Bruno (broo'no), Giordano. Italian anti-Christian writer Bruno (broo'no), Saint. Founder of the order of Carthusians......... .1040?-1101. Brunof (broo'nof), Ernest Philip, Baron. Russian diplomatist.. Brunswick-Lüneburg (brüns'wik lü'ne-burg), Karl William Ferdi

...1778-1818. ......fl. 500 B. C.

.B. C. 85-B. C. 42.

Brederode, van (vän bra'de-ro'dgh), Hendrik, Count. Dutch patriot..1531-1568.
Bredow (bra'do), Gabriel Gottfried. German historian.
Bréguet (brâ'ga'), Abraham Louis. Swiss watchmaker..
Breislak (bris'läk), Scipione. Italian geologist....

.1773-1814. .1747-1823. .1748-1826.

Breithaupt (brīt'howpt), Johann Aug. Fried. German mineralogist..1791 Breitinger (brīt'ing-er), Johann Jakob. Swiss Protestant theologian

.1701-1776.

and writer... Breitkopf (brit'kopf), Johann Gottlob Immanuel. German printer...1719-1794. Bremer (bree'mer; Sw. pron. brfi'mer), Fredrika. Swedish novelist..1801?-1865. Brennus (bren'us), Chief of the Senonian Gauls... .....fl. 390 B. C. Brentano (bren-tä'no), Clemens. German novelist and dramatist......1777-1842. Bretonneau (breh'to'no'), Pierre. Fr. physician and medical writer..1771-1862. Bretschneider (brět'shni-der), Karl Gottlieb. German theologian....1776-1848. Breughel (brch'Gel'), Jan. Velvet Breughel. Flemish painter........1569-1625. Brewster (broos'ter), Sir David. Scottish physicist.. Brewster, William. Plymouth Pilgrim father..

Brian Boroihme (bri'an bo-roim'), or Brian Boru (bo-roo'). King of Ireland....

.1781-1868. .1566-1644.

nand, Duke of. Russian general against the French Republicans....1785-1806. Brunton (brun'ton), Mary Balfour. British novelist..... Brutus (broo'tus), Lucius Junius. Roman patriot.. Brutus, Marcus Junius. One of the assassins of Cæsar..... Bruyère, de la (deh lä brü-e'yêR'), Jean. Fr. author and moralist.....1646?-1696. Bruyn (broin), Kornelis. Dutch traveler and painter..... .1652-1720? Bruys, de (deh brü-e'), Pierre. French fanatic, burned at the stake... 1147? Bryant (bri'ant), William Cullen. American poet and journalist.. 1794-1878. Brydges (brfj'ez), Sir Samuel Egerton. English writer Buache (bü'äsh'), Philippe. French geographer Bube (boo'beh), Adolph. German poet...

Buchez (bu'sha'), Philippe Joseph Benjamin. Fr. philosophical writer..1796-1865. Buchner (bük'ner), Friedrich Karl Christian Louis. Ger. philosopher..1824 Buckingham (bŭk'ing-am), George Villiers, First duke of. Lord high

admiral of England..

..1592-1628.

Bridgewater (brij'wa-ter), Francis Henry Egerton, Eighth Earl of. [Bridgewater Treatises.]......

Bridgewater, Francis Egerton, Third Duke of.

.1758-1829. Promoter of canals...1736-1803. Bridgman (brij'man), Laura. American blind deaf mute... .1829

Briggs (brīgz), Henry. English mathematician. [Logarithmic Tables.].1556-1630.
Bright (brit), John. English orator and statesman..
.1811
Bright, Richard. English physician. [Bright's Disease of the Kidneys.].1789-1858.
Brindley (brind'll), James. English canal engineer..

Buckingham, George Villiers, Second duke of. Son. English courtier. 1627-1688.
Buckingham, James Silk. English traveler and author..
Buckland (bük'land), Cyrus. American machinist and inventor.....1799
Buckland, William. Dean of Westminster. Geologist..
Buckle (bak'l), Henry Thomas. [History of Civilization in England.]....1822-1862.
Buckminster (buk'min-ster), Joseph Stevens. American Unitarian
preacher and scholar..

......1786-1855.

.1784-1856.

.1784-1812.

.1716-1772.

Brinvilliers, de (deh bran/vēl/yâ'), Marie Marguerite d'Aubray, Marchioness. French poisoner..

Bucquoi (bü'kwä'), Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count. Austrian general..

.executed 1676.

Brisson (bre/soN'), Barnabé. French lawyer and philologist. ......................1531—1591. Brisson, Mathurin Jacques. French naturalist..

.1561-1621. Budé (bü'dâ'; Lat. Budæ'us), Guillaume. French scholar....... 1467-1540. Buell (bu'el), Don Carlos. American general.

.1818

..1723-1806.

Buffier (bü'fe-a'), Claude. French theologian and author.

.1661-1737.

Brissot de Warville (bre/so' deh väR/vêl'), Jean Pierre. French revolutionist; originator of the Girondists.

.1754-1793.

Broglie, de (dgh brō'y'; Ital. Broglia (brōl'yä), Achille Léonce Victor Charles, Duc. French statesman.. .1785-1870. Broglie, de, Albertine Ida Gustavine de Staël, Duchesse. Fr. writer..1797?-1838. Brogni (brôn'yee), Giovanni Allarmet, Cardinal. Italian prelate.......1342-1426. Brondsted (brön'sted), Peter Oluf. Danish archæologist... Brongniart (brôn'ñe-äR'), Adolphe Théodore. Son. French botanist and scientific writer.. .1801-1876. Brongniart, Alexandre. French chemist and mineralogist.. ........1770-1847. Bronté (bron'te), Charlotte. Currer Bell. English novelist.. ..1816-1855. Brooks (brooks), James. American journalist. Established the New York "Express.".. ..1810-1873. Brosses, de (deh bross), Charles. French antiquary and writer.. ....1709-1777. Brougham (broo'am), Henry, Lord. British statesman and author....1779-1868. Broughton (brow'ton), William Robert. English navigator...........1763-1822. Broussais (broo'sâ'), François Joseph Victor. French physician... ....1772-1838. Broussonnet (broo'so'nâ'), Pierre Auguste. French phys. and nat....1761-1807. Brown, Charles Brockden. American novelist...

Bullions (bool'yunz), Peter. Amer. editor of classical school-books...1791-1864. Bülow, von (fon bü'lo), Friedrich Wilhelm, Count. Prussian general..1755-1816. Bülow, von, Hans Guido. German pianist and composer.

.1830

-.

...1781-1842.

Bulwer-Lytton (bool'wer lit'on), Edward George Earle Lytton, Baron
Lytton. British novelist..
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward Robert, Baron Lytton. Owen Meredith. Son
of Edw. Geo. Earle Lytton. English poet..

..1805-1873.

1831

Bulwer, Sir Henry Lytton Earle. English author and diplomatist.. .1804-1872.
Bunsen, von (fon boon'sen), Christian Karl Josias, Baron. Chevalier.
Prussian scholar and ambassador....

......1791-1860.

Brown, Goold. American grammarian...

Brown, Jacob. American major-general...

1771-1810. .1791-1857. ..1775-1828.

Swiss traveler in the East...

Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm. Cousin. German chemist.... ...1811 Bunyan (bun'yan), John. Eng. preacher. [Pilgrim's Progress.]......1628-1688. Buonafede (boo-o'nä-fā'dâ), Appiano. Italian writer... 1716-1793. Buonamici (boo-o'nä-mee'chee), Castruccio. Italian writer. .1710-1761. Buonarroti (boo-o'när-rot'ee), Filippo. Italian revolutionist .....1761-1837. Buonarroti, Michel Angelo. Italian painter, sculptor, and architect..1474-1563. Burckhardt (bûrk'hart; Ger. pron. booRk'härt), Johann Ludwig.

..1784-1817.

Brown, John. Scottish physician. Inventor of Brunonian System....1735-1788. Brown, Captain John, of Ossawattomie....

Burden (bûr'den), Henry. Scottish mechanician in America.. Burdett (bur-dět'), Sir Francis. English politician....

.1791-1871. .1770-1844.

.....

Brown, Robert. English botanical writer..........................................

........

..1800-1859. ..1773-1858.

Burdett-Coutts (bur-dět koots'), Angela Georgina, Baroness. Daugh ter of Sir Francis Burdett. English philanthropist...

.1814

Bürger (bürger), Gottfried August. German poet. [Lenore.]. Burges (bûr'jes), Thomas. English theologian and writer..... Burges, Tristam. American orator and jurist...... Burghley (bûr'l). Syn. Burleigh.

Born. Died. 1748-1794.

.1756-1837.

.1770-1853.

Burgkmair (boórkʼmir), Hans. German painter and engraver........1473?-1559.
Burgoyne (bûr-goin'), John. English general and dramatic writer....1730-1792.
Burgoyne, Sir John Fox, Baronet. Son. English field-marshal......1782-1871.
Burgundy (burgun-di), Louis, Duke of. Father of Louis XV. of France. 1682-1712.
Buridan (bur'I-dan; Fr. pron. bü're/don'), Jean. French schoolman. 1315?-1358.
Burigny, de (deh bü'rên'ye'), Jean Lévesque. French author. .......1692-1785.
Burke (bûrk), Edmund. English statesman and orator.........1729 or 1730-1797.
Burke, Sir John Bernard. English genealogist....
..1815
Burlamaqui (büR/lä/mä/ke'), Jean Jacques. Swiss jurist.
1694-1748.
Burleigh (bûr'li), or Burghley, Wm. Cecil, Lord. Eng. statesman..1520-1598.
Burlingame (bûr'ling-gam), Anson. American diplomatist..
1822-1870.
Burmann (bur'män), Pieter. Dutch philologist....
1668-1741.

.1469-1534.

Cairnes (kârnz), John Elliot. English political economist..
Cairns (kârnz), Hugh McCalmont. Lord Cairns. Irish lawyer and

orator...

Caius (keez), John. English physician and author

.......................1600-1666. .1500-1546.

Cajetan (kaj'e-tan), Ital. Cajetano (kä-ya-tä'no), Thomas de Vio.
Italian cardinal and theologian....
Calamy (kǎl'a-mf), Edmund. English divine.
Calcar, van (vän kälʼkär), Jan Stephen. Flemish painter..
Caldani (käl-dä'nee), Leopoldo Marco Antonio. Italian anatomist. .1725-1813.
Caldara (käl-däʼrä), Polidoro. Caravaggio. Italian painter....... .1492-1543.
Calderino (käl-dâ-ree'no), Domizio. Ital. philosopher and scholar....1447?-1478.
Calderon de la Barca (kal'der-on; Sp. pron. käl-dâ-rōn' dâ lä bar'-
kä), Pedro. Spanish dramatist..

.1600-1681.

Burmeister (booR'mis-ter), Hermann. German naturalist.

1807

Burnes (bûrnz), Sir Alexander. British traveler in India.

1805-1841.

Burton, Robert. English philos. and author. [Anat. of Melancholy.].1576-1640. Busbecq (bus'běk), Augier Ghislen. Flemish traveler and antiquary...1522-1592. Busby (büz'bi), Dr. Richard. Master of Westminster school..

.1606-1695. Büsching (büsh'ing), Anton Friedrich. Ger. geographer and theologian. 1724-1793. Buschmann (boosh'män), Johann Karl Eduard. German philologist.1805 Busembaum (boo'zem-bowm), Hermann. German author... ....1600-1668. Bush (boosh), George. American Swedenborgian divine and author....1796-1859. Bushnell (boósh'nel), Horace. American Congregational divine and

Callcott (kawl'kut), Sir Augustus Wall. English landscape painter.
Callcott, John Wall. Brother. English musical composer.
Calleja (käl-уā'нä), Don Felix del Rey. Spanish general....
Callet (källa'), Jean François. French mathematician..
Callières, de (dgh kä/le-êR'), François. French statesman and writer. 1645-1717.
Callimachus (kal-lim'a-kus). Greek poet and grammarian..... . B. C.
Callisen (käl'e-sen), Adolf Karl Peder. Danish physician..
Callisen, Hendrik. Danish surgeon....

240?

Calepino (kä-la-pee'no), Ambrogio. Italian lexicographer.
Calhoun (kål-hoon'), John Caldwell. American statesman..
Caligula (ka-lig'u-la), Caius Cæsar. Roman emperor..
Calixtus (kä-liks'toos), Georgius. German Lutheran divine..
Calkoen van Beek (käl'koon vän bāk), Jan Frederik. Dutch astron..1772-1811.
Callanan (kal'a-nan), James Joseph. Irish poet..

1435-1511. .1782-1850. 12- 41.

..1586-1656.

.1795-1829.

...1779-1844.

.1766-1821.

.1750-1820?

.1744-1798.

Camuccini (kä-moot-chee'nee), Vincenzo. Roman painter.
Camus (kä/müss'), Armand Gaston. French politician.
Camus, le (leh kä/müss'), Antoine. French physician.
Canal (kä-nal'), or Canaletto (kä-nä-lět'o), Antonio. Italian painter. 1697-1768.
Canani (kä-nä'nee), Giovanni Battista. Italian anatomist..
Canby (kan'bl), Edward Richard Sprigg. American general..
Cancellieri (kän-chěl'e-a'ree), Francesco. Italian scholar.
Cancrin (kän-kreen'), Georg, Count. Russian statesman.
Candlish (kand'lish), Robert Smith. Scottish preacher..
Candolle, de (deh koN'dol'), Augustin Pyramus. Swiss botanist......1778-1841.
Canga-Argüelles (käng'ga aR-gwěl'yes), José. Spanish statesman...1770-1843.
Canini (kä-nee'nee), Angelo. Italian linguist...

..1775-1844.

..1740-1804.

.1722-1772.

1515-1579.

1819-1873.

1751-1826.

..1774?-1845.

..1807-1873.

..1521-1557.

..1813

Caille, de la (deh lä käl, or käy'), Nicolas Louis. French astronomer..1713-1762. Caillé (kä'ya), or Caillié (kä'e'yâ'), René. French traveler in Africa..1799-1838.

Canisius (kä-ne'se-us), Petrus. De Hondt. Dutch Jesuit and theologian. 1521-1597.
Canning (kan'ing), Charles John, Earl. English statesman.
Canning, George. Father. English statesman..

..1812-1862.

.1770-1827.

Canute (ka-nüt'), or Knut (knoot). King of England and Denmark.. 995?-1035. Canz (känts), Israel Gottlieb. German philosopher. .1690-1753. Capefigue (käp/feeg'), Jean Baptiste Honoré Raymond. French historian

Born. Died. 1601-1664. 1526. ..1742-1834.

Cano (kä'no), Alonzo. El Racionero. Spanish painter....
Cano, del (del kä'no), Juan Sebastian. Spanish navigator..
Canonica della (del'ä kä-non'e-kä), Luigi. Italian architect.
Canonicus (ka-non'I-kus). Narragansett chief......
Canova (kä-no'vä), Antonio. Italian sculptor.....
Canrobert (kŎN/ro/bêR'), François Certain. French marshal...
Canstein (kän'stin), Karl Hildebrand, Baron. German philanthropist
and promoter of Biblical knowledge.

..1667-1719.

Cantacuzenus (kan-ta-kū-ze'nus), John. Emperor of Constantinople

Canterzani (kän-těR-dzä'nee), Sebastiano. Italian mathematician....1734-1819.
Canton (kǎn'ton), John. English savant and experimental philosopher. 1718-1772.
Cantu (kän-too'), Cesare. Italian historian..
...1805

...1565?-1647.

.1757-1822. ...1809

Carroll (kar'ul), Charles. American patriot. Last surviving signer of
the Declaration of Independence...
Carron (kä rôN'), Gui Toussaint Julien. French priest and writer.....1760-1821.
Carrucci (käR-Root'chee), Jacopo. See Pontormo da...

Born. Died. Carrère (kä/ren), Joseph Barthelemi François. French physician.....1740-1802. Carrier (kä/re-a), Jean Baptiste. French demagogue.... .........1756-1794. Carriere (kär'e-êr), Moritz. German philosophical writer..

..1817

.1737-1832.

..1498?-1558.

1411?

Carson (kär'son), Christopher. Kit Carson. American frontiersman...1809-1868.
Carstairs (kär'stârz), Rev. William. Scottish divine...
Carstens (kaR'stens), Asmus Jakob. Danish historical painter........1754-1798.
Cartellier (kaR/tâ/lyâ'), Pierre. French sculptor....
Carter (kär'ter), Miss Elizabeth. English scholar and writer.......
Carter, John. English artist. [Rat-catcher and his Dogs.]..
Carteret (kär'ter-et), John, Earl Granville. English statesman...
Cartheuser (kaRt'hoi-zer), Johann Friedrich. German physician.
Cartier (kaR/tya'), Sir George Étienne. Canadian statesman..
Cartier, Jacques. French navigator and explorer....
Cartouche (kaR/toosh'), Louis Dominique. French bandit.
Cartwright (kärt'rīt), Edmund. English inventor and writer...
Cartwright, John, Major. Brother of Edmund. Eng. political reformer.1740-1824.
Cartwright, Peter. American Methodist preacher....

..1649-1715.

.1757-1831.

..1717-1806.

...1815-1850.

.1690-1763.

.1704-1777.

1814-1878.

1494-1555?

1693-1721.

1743-1823.

.1785-1872.

Cardigan (kär'di-gan), James Thomas Brudenell, Earl of. Brit. general. 1797-1868.
Cardonne (kaR'don'), Denis Dominique. French orientalist. .......1720-1783.
Carduccio (kar-doot'cho), or Carducho (kar-doot'cho), Bartolommeo.
Florentine painter in Spain...

Carduccio, Vincenzo. Brother. Italian painter in Spain..
Carême (kä/rām', almost kä/rěm'), Marie Antoine. French cook.
Carew (ka-roo'), Sir Benjamin Hallowell. British admiral...
Carew, Thomas. English poet and courtier..

1560-1610. .1568-1638.

.1784-1833.

Cassas (kä/säs'), Louis François. French painter and architect..
Cassel (käs'el), Johann Philipp. German philologist..
Cassin (kas'in), John. American ornithologist...

1756-1827.

.1707-1783.

..1813-1869.

Cassini (käs-see'nee; Fr. pron. kä'se'ne'), Giovanni Domenico. Italian astronomer at the observatory of Paris..

.1625-1712.

Cassini, Jacques. Son of Giovanni Domenico. French astronomer...1677-1756.
Cassini, de Thury (deh tü'Re'), César François. Son of Jacques.
French astronomer and topographer....

.1714-1784.

Cassius (käs'e-dós), Andreas. German chemist. [Purple of Cassius.]..fl. 17th e. 42. Cassius Longinus (kåsh'e-us lon-ji'nus), Caius. Roman patriot.....B. C. Castagno, del (děl käs-tän'yo), Andrea. Florentine historical painter. 1408 ?-1480? Castalio (käs-tä/lyo'), Sébastien. French theologian...

.1515-1563.

..1582?-1674?

Castaños, de (da käs-tän'yos), Francisco Xavier, Duke of Baylen. Spanish general.............

1755-1852.

Carlén (käR-lan', almost kaR-llin'), Emilia Flygare. Swedish novelist.1807
Carleson (kän'le-son), Eduard. Swedish diplomatist....
Carleton (kärl'ton), Sir Guy, Lord Dorchester. British general........1724-1808.
Carleton, William. Irish novelist.....

Castel (käs/tel'), Louis Bertrand. French mathematician..

1688-1757.

1704-1767.

Castelar (käs-ta-lar'), Emilio. Spanish statesman.. Castell (kas'tel), Edmund. English orientalist..

.1832

..1606-1685.

..1798-1869.

Carli (käR'lee), Gian Rinaldo, Count. Italian antiquary and historian..1720-1795.
Carlisle (kar-lil'), Sir Anthony. English surgeon and physiologist.....1768-1840.
Carlisle, George Wm. Frederick, Earl of. English statesman and writer. 1802-1864.
Carlos (kar'los), Don. Infante of Spain and pretender to the crown....1783-1855.
Carlowitz (kaR'lo-wits'), Aloïse Christine, Baroness of. Fr. authoress. 1797
Carlstadt (kärl'stät), Andreas. German reformer...
Carlyle (kar-lil'), Joseph Dacre. English orientalist...

Castellan (käs tel/ŎN'), Antoine Louis. French painter and architect..1772-1898. Castellane, de (deh käsitellän'), Esprit Victor Élisabeth Boniface,

Count. Marshal of France....

1788-1862.

Castelli (kas-těl'ee), Benedetto. Italian mathematician.

1577-1644.

Castelli, Ignaz Friedrich. German dramatist.

1781-1862.

Castello (käs-tel'o), Giovanni Battista. Il Bergamasco. Italian painter. 1500?-1579?
Castelnau, de (deh käs tel'nō'), Michel. French diplomatist.
Castelvetro (käs-tel-va'tRo), Ludovico. Italian critic..
Casti (käs'tee), Giovanni Battista. Italian poet..

1520?-1592.

1505-1571.

.1721-1803.

Carmagnola (kaR-män-yo'lä), Francesco. Italian general..

Carmeli (kaR-mâ'lee), Michel Angelo. Italian monk and scholar.

13902-1432. ..1700-1766.

Carmignani (kaR-men-yä'nee), Giovanni Alessandro. Italian jurist..1768-1847.
Carminati (kaR-me-nä'tee), Bassiano. Italian physician..
Carmontelle (kaRmôn'těl'). French dramatic writer..

istrator and strategist..

Carmouche (kan/moosh'), Pierre Frédéric Adolphe. French dramatist. 1797-1868.
Carneades (kär-nee'a-deez). Greek orator and philosopher....... B. c. 215?- 129.
Carnochan (kärʼnok-an), John Murray. American surgeon..
.....1817
Carnot (kaR'no') Lazare Hippolyte. French politician and writer..
Carnot, Lazare, Nicolas Marguerite. Father. French military admin-

.1750-1830. ..1717-1806.

Castiglione (käs-teel-yo'na), Baldassare. Italian statesman and poet..1478-1529.
Castiglione, Carlo Ottavio, Count. Italian linguist and antiquary....1784-1849.
Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto. Il Grechetto. Italian painter..
Castilho, de (da käs-teel'yo), Antonio Feliciano. Portuguese poet....1800
Castilla (käs-teel'yä), Don Ramon. President of Peru...
Castille (käs/te'y', or käs/tel'), Charles Hippolyte. French writer......1820
Castillo, del (děl käs-teel'yo), Bernal-Diaz (dee'äth). Spanish officer
with Cortez in Mexico...

...1616-1670.

.1797-1867.

.fl. 1520.

.1801

Castlereagh (käs/l-rā'), Robert Stewart, Viscount. Second Marquis of Londonderry. British statesman..

Caro (kä'ro), Annibale. Italian poet..

..1753-1823. .1507-1566.

Car'oline Ameꞌlia Augusta. Queen of England. Wife of Geo. IV..1768-1821.
Caron (kä'rox), François. French director-general in India..
Caron, René Edouard. Canadian statesman.

Castrén (käs-tran'), Matthias Alexander. Finnish philologist..
Castro, de (da käs'tRo), Esteban-Rodriguez. Portuguese physician....15602-1637.
Castro, de, Guillem. Spanish dramatist....

.1769-1822. ..1813-1832.

.1569-1631.

1674.

Carpani (kаR-pä'nee), Giuseppe. Italian dramatic poet..
Carpenter (kar'pen-ter), Lant. English divine and writer..
Carpenter, William Benjamin. Son. English physiologist..
Carpentier (kaR'pŎN'te-a'), Pierre. French antiquary and author.....1697-1767.
Carpi, da (dä kaR'pee), Girolamo. Italian painter and architect.......1500?-1556.
Carpi, da, Ugo. Italian engraver. Reputed inventor of clair-obscur..1486?-1530 ?
Carpini (kar-pee'nee), Giovanni di Piano. Italian traveler in Tartary..1220?
Carpzov (kaRp'tsof), Benedict. German jurist and author..
Carracci (kär-rät'chee), Annibale. Bolognese painter...

1800-1876. ..1752-1825. .1780-1840.

Castro, de, Inés. Wife of the crown prince Dom Pedro of Portugal...

Assassinated- -1355.

Castro, de, João. Portuguese general and navigator.. Castro, de, Vaca. Spanish magistrate...

.1500-1548.

1558.

...1813

Catalani (kä-tä-lä'nee), Angelica. Italian vocalist..

Castruccio Castracani (käs-troot'cho-käs-trä-kä'nee). Italian soldier and poet...

.1284-1328

.17852-1849

Catel (kä'tel'), Charles Simon. French musical composer. Catesby (kats'bi), Mark. English naturalist...

..1595-1666. ...1560-1609.

Cathcart (kath'kart), Sir George. English general..

.1794-1854.

Cathcart, William Schaw, First Earl of. English diplomatist..

.1755-1848.

Cathelinéan (kä/teh/le/nō'), Jacques. Vendean general... Catherine (kath'er-in), or Katharine of Aragon. Queen of England. Wife of Henry VIII....

.1759-1793.

.1486-1336.

Carrel (kä'rel'), Nicolas Armand. French political writer..

1819-1872. ..1800-1836.

Carreno de Miranda (kar-rânʼyo dâ me-rän'dä), Don Juan. Spanish historical painter....

Catherine I. Empress of Russia. Wife of Peter the Great. Catherine II. Empress of Russia.

.16852-1727.

Wife of Peter III...

.1729-1796.

Catherine, Saint, of Alexandria....

8072

Carrera (KAR-Ra'rä), Rafael. President of Guatemala..

.1614-1685. ...1814-1865.

Catherine de' Medici (da mâ'de-chee). Queen of Henry II. of France. 1519-1589. Catiline (kät'I-lin), Lucius Sergius. Roman conspirator..

......B. C. 62.