ried the spectators with continued dancing: in the mean time the pain hath been assuaged, the infection being driven from the heart, and the mind released of her sufferance. If the music infermits the malady renews; but if again continued, it vanishes. 10. Asclepiades, a noble physician, as often as he had frenetic patients, or such as were unhinged, or evil affected in their minds, did make use of nothing so much for the cure of them, and restoration of their health, than music and sweet harmony of voices. 11. Ismenias, the Theban, and scholar of A tigenidas, used to cure divers of the Baotians of the sciatica, or hip-gout, by the use of music; "and," saith Gellius," it is reported by divers, that when the sciatica pains are the most exquisite, they are allayed and assuaged with music. 12. There was a young man, a Taurominitanian by birth, who having his head intoxicated with wine, and besides all inflamed with anger, hastened to the house of his mistress, with a purpose (because she had received his rival therinto) to set it on fire. He was about his design, when Pythagoras caused a musician to play a lesson of the graver music: by which he was so reclaimed, that he immediately desisted from his angry enterprise. 13. When Apollonius was inquisitive of Canus, a Rhodian musician, what he could do with his instrument?" He told him, that "he could make a melancholy man merry, and him that was merry, much merrier than he was before; a lover more enamoured, and a religious man more devout, and more attentive to the worship of the gods. 14. Agamennon, it is said, when he set out on the expedition against Troy, being desirous to secure the fidelity of his wife, left her under the care of a Dorian musician, who, by the effect of his airs, rendered fruitless, for a long time, the attempts of gisthus to obtain her affection: but that prince having discovered the cause of her resistance, got the musician put to death, after which he triumped, without difficulty, over the virtue of Clytemnestra. We are teid also, that at a later period, Pythagoras composed songs or airs, capable of curing the most violent passions, and of recalling men to the paths of virtue and moderation. While the physcian prescribes draughts, for curing bodily diseases, an able musician might prescribe an air for rooting out a vicious passion. The story of Timotheus, the director of the music of Alexander the Great, has been already mentioned.__The_mo- . dern music has also had its Timotheus, who could excite or calm at his pleasure the most impetuous emotions. Henry III. king of France, says the Journal de Sancy, having given a concert, on occasion of the marriage of the duke de Joyeuse, Claudin le Jeune, a celebrated musician of that period, executed certain airs, which had such an effect on a young nobleman, that he drew his sword, and challenged every one near him to combat; but Claudian, equally prudent as Timotheus, instantly changed to another air, which appeased the furious youth. What shall we say of Stradella, the cele brated composer, whose music made the daggers drop from the hands of his as sassins? Stradella having carried off the mistress of a Venetian musician, and retired with her to Rome, the Venetian hired three desperadoes to assassinate him; but fortunately for Stradella, they had an ear sensible to hai mony These assassins, while waiting for a favourable opportunity to execute their purpose, entered the church of St. John de Latran, during the performance of an oratorio, composed by the person whom they intended to destroy, and were so affected by the music, that they abandoned their design, and even waited on the musican to forwarn him of his danger. Stradella, however, was not always so (9.) Muret. Var. Lect. 14. c. 6. p. 366. Camer. Oper. Subc. cent. 2. c. 81. p. 317. Sand. Voyages, 1. 4. p. 249. Alex. ab Alex. 1. 2. c. 17.-(10.) Zuin. Theat. vol. 5. 1. 3. p. 1291.-(11.) Ibid. p. 1292. A. Gell. Noct. Attic. 1. 4. c. 13. p. 133.-12.) Zuin. Theat. vol. 5. 1. 3. p. 1291. 13.) Philost 1. 5. c. 7. p. 205, Burt Mel. par. 2. § 2 p. 277. 2H 2 fortunate; fortunate; other assassins, who apparently had no ear for music, stabbed him some time after at Genoa. This event took place in the year 1670. Every person almost has heard that music is a cure for the bite of the tarantula. This cure, which was formerly considered as certain, has by some been con tested; but however this may be, Father Scott, in his Musurgia Curiosa, gives the tarantula air, which appears to be very dull, as well as that employed by the Sicilian fishermen to entice the tunny fish into their nets. Various anecdotes are related respecting persons whose lives have been preserved by music, effecting a sort of revolution in their constitutions. A woman being attacked for several months with the vapours, and confined to her apartment, had resolved to starve herself to death. She was, however, prevailed on, but not without difficulty, to see a representation of the Servo Padrona. At the conclusion of which she found herself almost cured; and renouncing her melancholy resolution, was entirely retored to health by a few more reprentations of the same kind. There is a celebrated air in Swisserland, called, Ranz de Vaches, which had such an extraordinary effect on the Swiss troops in the French service, that they always fell into a deep melancholy when they heard it. Louis XIV. therefore forbade it ever to be played in France under the pain of a severe penalty. We are told also of a Scotch air (Lochaber no more), which has a similar effect on the natives of Scotland. Most animals, and even insects, are not insensible to the pleasures of music. There are few musicians, perhaps, who have not seen spiders suspend themselves by their threads, in order to be near the instruments. We have several times had that satisfaction. We have seen a dog, who, at an adagio of a sonato, by Sen. nalier, never failed to show signs of attention, and some peculiar sensation by howling. The most singular fact, however, of this kind, is that mentioned by Bonnet in his History of Music. This author relates, that an officer being shut up in the Bastille, had permission to carry with him a lute, on which he was an excellent performer; but he had scarcely made use of it for three or four days, when the mice, issuing from their holes, and the spiders suspending themselves from the ceiling by their threads, assembled around him to participate in his melody. His aversion to these animals made their visit at first disagreeable, and induced him to lay aside his recrcation: but he was soon so accustomed to them, that they became a source of amusement. We are informed, by the same author, that he saw, in 1688, at the country seat of lord Portland, the English ambassador in Holland, a gallery in a stable, employed as he was told for giving a concert once a week to the horses, which seemed to be much affected by the music. This, it must be allowed, was carrying attention to horses to a very great length. But it is not improbable that this anecdote was told to Bonnet by some person, in order to make game of him CHAP. XI. Of such as by the Sight of the Face could judge of the Inclinations, Manners, and Fortunes, of the Person. IT is said of Paracelsus, that he had such notable skill in herbs, that at the first sight he could discern and discover the quality, virtue, and operation of any such as were showed to him. There have been some men as skilful in the perusal of faces: so that Momus needed not wish every man a casement in his breast, seeing both the inclinations and successes of men have been dextrously. judged at by their outward appearance. 1. Julius Cæsar Scaliger had a singular skill herein; for it is credibly averred, that he never looked on his infant son Audectus but with grief, as sorrow-struck, with some sad sign of ill success he saw (14.) Ozonam's Math, and Phil. Recreations, translated by Dr. Hutton, vol. ii. p. 430. in his face; which child at last was found stifled in bed with the embraces of his nurse, being fast asleep. 2. Peter de Pinac, the last of that name, primate of France, archbishop and earl of Lyons, died in the beginning of January, anno 1599. The duke of Biron did see him in his sickness, and assisted at his funeral. No man living did better judge of the nature of men by the consideration of their visages than he. He did divine of the duke of Biron's fortune by his countenance, and the proportions and hues of his face; for having considered it somewhat curiously, he said unto his sister, after his departure from his chamber, "This man hath the worst physiognomy that ever I observed in my life, as of a man that will perish miserably." The event made good his prediction. 3. Nanzianzen, as soon as he beheld Julian the Apostate, made a conjecture of his manners and disposition, concerning whom, these are his words, in his second oration against the gentiles: "The deformity of his gestures made me a prophet concerning him: for these following did in no wise seem to be the signs of a good man: the sudden and frequent turnings of his head; his heaving up now this, and then the other shoulder: his eyes were stern, wandering, and expressing something furious in them; his feet were unstable, and his geniculations frequent; his nose was such as betokened scorn and contempt; and the whole figure of his face was framed to derision: his laughter was often and loud; he would nod with his head when he spake not; his speech was interruped and broken off before it came to the period of the sentence; his questions frequent, confused, and foolish; his answers unapt, heaped one upon another, disagreeing with themselves, and without order: and who can describe the rest? Such I saw him before his deeds, as his deeds did afterwards show him to be and if they were here present, who were then with me, and beheld the same things, they would justify this narration of mine; and withal, would remember that I then spake these words: "How great : a plague doth the Roman empire at this time nourish," &c. 4. Zopyrus did profess, that he could make a discovery of the nature, inclination, and dispositions of men, by the habit of their bodies, and inspection of their eyes, face, and forehead, &c. Being desired by some to give his judgment of Socrates, he said, "he was a stupid and dull person, and a stranger unto all kind of virtue." Those that were present, when they heard him pass this sentence upon Socrates, whom they knew to be a man of the contrary perfections, they laughed this conjecturer to scorn: but Socrates himself said, that " he had spoken nothing but what was the truth; only by the study of wisdom he had overcome and amended all these faults of his nature." 5. Bartholomæus Cocles had foretold one Coponus, that ere long he should be a wicked homicide: and in like manner he said of Hermes, the son of a tyrant, that being a banished man, he should be slainin battle. Hermes, therefore, possessed with a fear of his fate, gave secret order to Coponus, that he should kill Cocles, that wicked artist. Cocles did foresee the disaster that was coming upon him, and therefore did arm his head with a privy helmet, and usually went with a twohanded sword, which he could skilfully manage: but Coponus, in the habit of a porter, came one time behind him, and as he was putting his key into the lock of his door, he struck him on the hinder part of his head with a hatchet, and slew him. He afterwards confessed that he had no other cause for the commitment of this murder, but only that Cocles had told him that shortly he would be a mur derer. 6. Antiochus Tibertus was famous for his skill in chiromancy and physiognomy: he foretold Guido Balneus, that he should be slain by an intimate friend of his, upon a conceived suspicion against him. He also told Pandulphus Malatesta, the Ariminensian tyrant, that he should be driven out of his country; and that, being in exile, he should perish in great (1.) Fuller's Holy State, 1. 2. c. 8. p. 71.-(2.) M. de Ser. Hist. of France, p. 928.-(3.) Socrat. Eccles. Hist. 1. 3. c. 19. p. 311. Camer. Oper. Subc. cent 1. c. 57. p. 251.-(4.) Patrit. de Regno, 1. 5. tit. 15. p. 331, 332. Ciceron. Lib. de Fato, p. 201.-(5.) Jov. Elog. Zuin. Theat. vol. ii. l. 7. p. 465. want: want not long after, Pandulphus caused Guido to be beheaded, as being jealous of his valour and virtue, and shut up Antiochus himself in prison, determining to expect, at leisure, the fulfilling of the rest of his presage. Antiochus had so prevailed with the daughter of the keeper of the tower wherein he was inclosed, that she furnished him with a rope, and by the help of that let him down into the tower-ditch : but, being betrayed with the noise of his fetters, he was fetched back, and both he and the overkind-maid were beheaded together. Pandulphus at length was forced to quit his country, and being an exile, and in great want, he was deserted of all men, and, old as he was, he died in a common inn. Thus Antiochus was able to predict the fate of other men, but could neither foresee nor prevent his own. 7. That Egyptian philosopher, that (Plutarch saith) was the constant companion of Marcus Antonius, was well skilled in these observations, especially if there was nothing of magic therein. He professed, that he knew the different natures and fortunes of men by looking upon their faces; and he told his patron, Antonius, "That his fortune was splendid; but withal he exhorted him to shun the society of Octavius, for that his genius, who of himself was great and high, was yet inferior to, and afraid of, the genius of that other prince." 8. The nobles of Muscovy gave their judgment of Johannes Basilides while he was yet boy: they observing that his speech was foolish and monstrous, his manners malignant and perverse: by these, and the like discoveries, they conjectured of his dispositon for the future: and believing, that when he should ascend to the imperial power, he would prove a scourge and a heavy calamity to their country; they, thereupon, thought of taking him away by poison; which, if they had, they had freed themselves of the bloody tyranny which he afterwards exercised amongst them. 9. Democritus had so great a skill in this art of p' ysiognomy, that thereby he rendered Hi pocrates an admirer of him. When one dy a maid came to him, he saluted her by the name of Virgin : when she came to him the next day, he called herwoman, for she had lost her honour over-night. He also bought Diagoras, the Milesian, as knowing by his physiognomy that he would prove an excellent servant. 10. When L. Sylla went in quality of a legate into Cappadocia, there was then there one of the retinue of Orobasius, the Parthian ambassador, who beholding the face of Sylla, considering the motions of his body and mind, and comparing of his nature with the rules of his art, he said, "It could not be otherwise than that he should be a great man; and that he wondered how he could yet bear it that he was not already the chiefest and first of all others." 11. Titus Vespasian was bred up at court with Britannicus, the son of Claudius, by Messalina, had the same tutors and instructions with the young prince : at which time it was that there came a physiognomist, who, by the order of Narcissus, the freed-man of Claudius the emperor, was to consider of the aspect and countenance of Britannicus. This man did then most constantly affirm, "That Britannicus should never be emperor: but he said of Titus (who at that time stood by), "That ere long he should attain unto the empire." 12. Stepsiades, the first time he saw his son (when he was returned from the school of Socrates), said of him, by the view of his face and forehead, "That he would make a good pleader in a bad cause; for that he seemed to carry in his visage something of the Attick subtilty and impudence.' 13. Isodorus, the Hispalensian bishop, chanced to behold Mahomet in Spain, before such time as he had raised so great a flame; and even then, by the rules of physiognomy, he presaged, that he would prove the pest and plague both of the church and commonwealth and there (6.) Jov. Elog. Zuin. Theat. vol. 5.1. 3. p. 1271.-(7.) Camer. Oper. Subc. cent. 2. c. 6. p. 16. Plut. in Anton. p. 950.- (8.) Ibid. p. 17.—(9.) Laert. 1. 9. Zuin. Theat. vol. 5. 1. 2. p. 192.—(10.) Plut. in Scylla, p. 453.-(11.) Sueton. in Tito, 1. 11. c. 2. p. 318.-(12.) Zuin. Thea, vol. 5. 1. 2 p. 1222. upon |