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abundance of fish upon their coasts, and in regions where clothes are unnecessary, a considerable degree of population may subsist without property in land; which is the case in the islands of Otaheite: but in less favored situations, as in the country of New-Zealand, though this sort 3 of property obtain in a small degree, the inhabitants, for want of a more secure and regular establishment of it, are driven oftentimes by the scarcity of provision to devour one another.

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Second, It preserves the produce of the earth to maturity. We may judge what would be the effects of a community of right to the productions of the earth, from the trifling specimens which we see of it at present. A cherry-tree in a nedge-row, nuts in a wood, the grass of an unstinted pasture, are seldom of much advantage to any body, because people do not wait for the proper season of reaping them. Corn, if any were sown, would never ripen; lambs and calves would never grow up to sheep and cows, because the first person that met them would reflect, that he had better take them as they are, than leave them for another.

Third, 1 prevents contests.. War and waste, tumult and contusiou, must be unavoidable and eternal, where there is not enough for all, and where there are no rules to adjust the division.

Fourth, It improves the conveniency of living. This it does two ways. It tuables mankind to divide themselves into distinct professions; which is impossible, unless a man can exchange the productions of his own art for what he wants from others; and exchange implies property. Much of the advantages of civilized over savage life depends upon this. When a man is from necessity his own tailor, tentmaker, carpenter, cook, huntsman, and fisherman, it is impossible that he will be expert at any of his callings. Hence the rude habitations, furniture, clothing, and imple6 ments of savages; and the tedious length of time which all their operations require. It likewise encourages those arts, by which the accommodations of human life are supplied, by appropriating to the artists the benefit of his discoveries and improvements; without which appropriation, ingenuity will never be exerted with effect.

Upon these several accounts we may venture, with a

few exceptions, to pronounce, that even the poorest and the worst provided, in countries where property and the consequences of property prevail, are in a better situation, 7 with respect to food, raiment, houses, and what are called the necessaries of life, than any are in places where most things remain in common.

The balance, therefore, upon the whole, must preponderate in favor of property with a manifest and great excess. Inequality of property, in the degree in which it exists in most countries of Europe, abstractedly considered, is an evil; but it is an evil which flows from those rules concerning the acquisition and disposal of property, by which men are incited to industry, and by which the object of their industry is rendered secure and valuable. If there be any great inequality unconnected with this origin, it ought to be corrected.

LESSON CIII.

The Rich Man and the Poor Man.-KHEMNITZER. 1 So goes the world;-if wealthy, you may call This friend, that brother;-friends and brothers all; Though you are worthless-witless-never mind it: You may have been a stable boy-what then? "Tis wealth, good sir, makes honorable men. You seek respect no doubt, and you will find it.

2 But if you are poor, Heaven help you! though your
Had royal blood within him, and though you
Possess the intellect of angels too,

"Tis all in vain ;-the world will ne'er inquire
On such a score:-Why should it take the pains?
'Tis easier to weigh purses, sure, than brains.

3 I once saw a poor fellow, keen and clever,
Witty and wise :—he paid a man a visit,
And no one noticed him, and no one ever

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Gave him a welcome. "Strange," cried I," whence is it?"
He walked on this side, then on that,
He tried to introduce a social chat;

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Said by their silence-" Better stay at home."

A rich man burst the door

As Croesus rich; I'm sure

He could not pride himself upon his wit,
And as for wisdom, he had none of it;
He had what's better;-he had wealth.
What a confusion !—all stand up erect-
These crowd around to ask him of his health;
These bow in honest duty and respect;
And these arrange a sofa or a chair,
And these conduct him there.

'Allow me, sir the honor ;"-Then a bow
Down to the earth-Is't possible to show
Meet gratitude for such kind condescension ?

5 The poor man hung his head, And to himself he said,

"This is indeed beyond my comprehension :" Then looking round,

One friendly face he found,

And said "Pray tell me why is wealth preferred,
To wisdom ?”—“That's a silly question, friend!"
Replied the other—“ have you never heard,

A man may lend his store

Of gold or silver ore,

But wisdom none can borrow, none can lend ?"

J

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LESSON CIV.

The Folly and Wickedness of War --K~«,

Two poor mortals, elevated with the distretion of golden bauble on their heads, called a crown, take offence at each other, without any reason, or with the very bad one of wishing for an opportunity of aggrandizing themselves by making reciprocal depredations. The creatures

of the court, and the leading men of the nation, who are usually under the influence of the court, resolve (for it is their interest) to support their royal master, and are never at a loss to invent some colorable pretence for engaging the nation in war. Taxes of the most burdensome kind are 2 levied, soldiers are collected, so as to leave a paucity of husbandmen; reviews and encampments succeed; and at last fifteen or twenty thousand men meet on a plain, and coolly shed each other's blood, without the smallest per sonal animosity, or the shadow of a provocation. Ther kings, in the mean time, and the grandees, who have employed these poor innocent victims to shoot bullets at each other's heads, remain quietly at home, and amuse themselves, in the intervals of balls, hunting schemes, and pleas ures of every species, with reading at the fireside, and 3 over a cup of chocolate, the despatches from the army, and the news in the Extraordinary Gazette. If the king of Prussia were not at the head of some of the best troops in the world, he would be judged more worthy of being tried, and condemned, at the Old Bailey, than any shedder of blood who ever died by a halter. But he is a king; but he is a hero;-those names fascinate us, and we enrol the butcher of mankind among their benefactors.

When one considers the dreadful circumstances that attend even victories, one cannot help being a little shocked 4 at the exultation which they occasion. I have often thought it would be a laughable scene, if there were not too much of the melancholy in it, when a circle of eager politicians nave met to congratulate each other on a piece of good news just arrived. Every eye sparkles with delight; every voice is raised in announcing the happy event. And what is the cause of all this joy? and for what are our windows illuminated, bonfires kindled, bells rung, and feasts celebrated? We have had a successful engagement. have left a thousand of the enemy dead on the field of 5 battle, and only nine hundred of our countrymen. Charming news! it was a glorious battle! But before you give a loose to your raptures, pause awhile; and consider, that to every one of these nineteen hundred, life was no less sweet than it is to you; that to the far greater part of them there probably were wives, fathers, mothers, sons, daughters, sisters, brothers, and friends, all of whom are at this mo

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ment wailing that event which occasions your foolish and brutal triumph.

We cannot see an individual expire, though a stranger or an enemy, without being sensibly moved, and prompted by compassion to lend him every assistance in our power. Every trace of resentment vanishes in a moment; every other emotion gives way to pity and terror. In these last extremities, we remember nothing but the respect and tenderness duc to our common nature. What a scene, then, must a field of battle present, where thousands are left without assistance, and without pity, with their wounds exposed to the piercing air, while their blood, freezing as it flows, binds them to the earth, amid the trampling of horses and the insults of an enraged foe! Far from their native home, no tender assiduities of friendship, no well-known voice, no wife, or mother, or sister, is near to soothe their sorrows, relieve their thirst, or close their eyes in death. Unhappy man! and must you be swept into the grave, unnoticed and unnumbered, and no friendly tear be shed for your sufferings, or mingled with your dust!-Robert Hall.

LESSON CV.

Extract from an Address of Mr. Everett.

Most of us are of that class, who owe whatever of knowledge has shone into our minds, to the free and popular institutions of our native land. There are few of us, who may not be permitted to boast, that we have been reared in an honest poverty or a frugal competence, and. owe every thing to those means of education which are equally open to all. We are summoned to new energy and zeal by the high nature of the experiment we are appointed in Providence to make, and the grandeur of the theatre on which it 2 is to be performed. When the old world afforded no longer any hope, it pleased Heaven to open this last refuge of humanity. The attempt has begun, and is going on, far from foreign corruption, on the broadest scale, and under the most benignant auspices; and it certainly rests with us to solve

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