up the water either fide of it-the cause of some springs, 100. Why metallick Lodes may be rich or fteril near the Cross-Course, which is another proof of the author's opinion of the origin of Metals Tin and Copper Lodes antecedent to Cross-Courses, ΙΟΙ. Mr. Whiston's hypothefis of the deluge by a comet applied as a probable caufe of Cross-Goffans, 102. their contents, 103. Of Lodes elbowing each other, 103. Of the branches, ftrings, or small veins of Lodes-Lodes squeezed small in hard ground, 104. Of metallick Lodes contraing each other-Why Tin Lodes were antecedent to parallel Goffan and Cross-Goffan Lodes, 105. The inclination or underlie of Lodes towards each other, and the changes and disorders occafioned thereby-Of two Lodes underlying both alike, 106. Of the Start, Leap, or Heave, by a Slide or Course-Flookan; or the being "cut out by a Slide"-Of the fame by a Courfe-Goffan - The Heave and the Slide in proportion to the fubfidence, 106. This Heave in Coal Mines, "A Trap up, or a Trap down, by a "Ridge”—Three Heaves by three Courfe-Goffans, at GoonLâz and the Pink Mines, 107. How to find the loft part of the Lode again, 108. Corollaries in proof of three fubfidencies. here of the common Slide, 109, 110.

r

воок III.

CHA P. I.

The various, ancient, and modern Methods for Discovery of Mines, &c. by Shoding, Cofteaning, &c. with feveral very curious Difquifitions, Obfervations, and Experiments, upon the Virtues and Ufes of the Virgula Divinatoria.

PASST.

III.

ASSAGE from Lucretius-The first discoverers of Metals, Of accidental discoveries-Fiery effluvia, 112. by water, if Vitriolick, 113. Agricola upon the Virgula Divinatoria, 113. The corpufcular philofophers account for its operation, 114. Some elucidations from Mr. Boyle, 115. Mr. Cookworthy, of Plymouth, his curious obfervations, 116. Of the occult quality in the operator-Hazle fhoots of one year, best, 117. Shape and fize-manner of holding the rod-the mind must be indifferent, or the rod will not answer, 118. Sweat and animal excretions hinder its operation-Of willow

rods,

rods, &c.-The rod will not be attracted by substances connected with the perfon of the operator, 119. How to make and ufe diftinguishing rods, 120. Directions for their practical use in the discovery of Lodes, &c. 121. Parturition of a metallick Lode, by a Cross-Goffan, eafily found by the rod-its comparative attraction and repulfion, 122. At any depth, water found by the rod-Inftances of Lodes found by it, 123. Of Cofteaning and Shoding Shode Stones separated by the deluge, 124. Defcription of the Bryle of the Lode-Shodes dispersed from the Bryle-The fituation, diftances, texture, gravity, and properties of Shode Stones, 125. Copper and Lead Shode feldom met with; why-Moorstone and Irestone Shodes very large and numerous, 126. Of the Greut, (Grit) run and caft of the country-How to proceed by the appearances and fituations of Shode, 127. Alonzo Barba, on Shoding-Instructions for tracing a Lode by its Shode-Some Lodes yield no Shode; why, 128. Lodes often covered with a double or treble shelf -The effects of the flood demonftrated by Shode upon the Cornish Strata, 129, 130. Difcovery of Lodes very effectual by Levels, Adits, &c. 130, 131.

CHAP. II.

Upon Streaming, Dreffing, and Smelting of Stream Tin in the Blowing-House or Blaft-Furnace.

HE effects of a deluge moft apparent in Stream Tin

Tworks, 131. Of taking the Set or Grant-Sinking the

Hatch or Shaft-Various breadths, depths, and thickneffes of Stream Tin Strata, 132. Of the level, the overburden, and discharging the water by hand or water wheel pumps-Of the Tye, 133. Great destruction of land, by Streaming, which might otherwise anfwer for draining of land, 134. Of Dreffing

Of the Gounce or Strakes-Stamping and Dillueing, 135. Of Blowing, or Smelting the Tin-Of the caftle or furnacethe wheel, bellows, float, &c.-Excellence and value of Grain Tin, 136, 137.

СНА Р.

CHA P. III.

Of Bounds, and the Manner of taking a Set or Grant for

Mining; of finking Shafts, driving Adits, digging and raising

of Ores, drawing the Water, and working the Mines.

F Bounds and the cutting of them, 137. Their anti-
quity-Charter, 33d Edward I, anno 1305-Quotations

from ancient MSS. 138, 139. Of the Tollur and renewing

of Bounds-The Lord and Bounder's fhares-May drive Adits

through others bounds-Of the fet and dish, or dues, 140.

Deep Mining not ancient-Of the Coffin and Shammels, 141.

Proper place of a working Shaft or underlier, Whym Shaft, and

fire engine Shaft, 142, 143. Of cutting the Lode and turning

house of finking other Shafts and ftopeing the Lode, 144, 145.

Of the Adit or Level, 145. Dimenfions of the Adit and Adit

Shafts Of fallering the Adit for air, 146, 147.
Great differ-

ence in the charge of driving Adits, 148. Of Adits as feeking

Adventures, 149. Of drawing the water by the hand pump;

Whym and barrels; description of the Whym-Of the Rag and

Chain pump, 150. Defcription of the water wheel and bobs-

the cheapest of all engines-its real and comparative power to a

fire engine, 151.
Cornish streams of water very small, but of

great value, and made the most of, 152. Of the fire engine-

Weight of a given fmall column of water-Neither men nor

horfes could draw it, 153. Defcription of the fire engine-

The boiler, house cylinder, pifton, great bob or lever, pump

rods, &c. 154.
Their diftinct and relative ufes-Great im-

provement of being made to work itself, 155, 6, 7, 8, and 9.

Of the Sumph or fink of the Mine, which fhould be in the

engine Shaft-Of the cross cut, 160. Of turning house, driving

and stopeing on the Lode, and finking of Dippas, 161. Of

Dyzhuing and Hulking the Lode, 162. Of Stulls-doubly

ufeful-Cutting a Plot, 163. The Little-Winds or under-

ground Shaft-The footway and Sallers, 164, 165. Binding

the Mine; Collaring of Shafts; pillars and arches of the Lode,

166. Judgment required for binding the Mine-Shutting Attal

-Of a new Adit, holeing to the old Gunnies or house of water,

dangerous, 167, 168. Of Forking the water, and clearing the

old Mine, 169. Explanation of the workings of Bullen-Garden

Mine, 170, 171, 172.

CHA P. IV.

General Observations on Mines and the Management of them.

INING, cafual-Of the Purfer or Book-keeper, 173.

M Majority of thares have the management - A Mine called

an Adventure Of In-adventurers and Out-adventurers-Of

Captains and other fuperintendants-Observations, 174. Of

the surgeon of a Mine, 175. Observations, 176. Propofals

for a county hospital, 177. Of working the Lode by double

pick-men, 178. Relieving the place-Winding the work, 179.

Of finking, driving, and ftopeing by the fathom; illuftrated by

examples, 180. Of the cubick fathom, and the superficial fathom,

181. The single Gunnies, the double Gunnies illustrated, 182,

183. Strictures on working by the fathom or Tub, i. e. Lump,

184, 185. A calculation of the quantity of Lode annually

broken-Above 2,000,000 tons of Lode and Strata broken

yearly, 185, 186. Setting a Mine upon Tribute-First, of a

Tin Mine-Of dividing, redividing, and cafting lots upon Doles,

either in Waftrel or Several, between the Lords, Bounders,

Adventurers, and Tributors, 187, 188. Second, of a Copper

Mine-Terms of taking a Mine upon Tribute, 188. Third,

of taking Pitches upon Tribute, 189. Tributors mixing their

Copper Ores-The increase or decrease by private famples, il-

luftrated, 190, 191. Rich Copper Ore has been digged, raised,

and dreffed for fixpence in the pound fterling-Tin for nearly

the fame-Calculation for taking a Tin or Copper Pitch upon

Tribute, 192, 193, 194.

CHAP. V.

Of Damps in Mines, and of Levelling and Dialling Mines,

Adits, &c.

O

199.

N the infalubrity of Mineral effluvia, and their production
of epidemick fevers, 195, 196, 197. Of Damps, 198,

Inftances of the mortiferous effects of Damps, 200.. Of

Air-pipes, Sallers, and Shafts, to convey air and prevent Damps,

On Dialling in Mines; very curious and indifpenfably

neceffary, 202, 203. Dialling for a Shaft on the Adit-end, 204.

Ditto for an underlying Shaft and various parts of a Mine, 205

Of Levelling, what, how useful, &c. 213.

201.

to 212.

воок

BOOK IV.

CHA P. I.

The Method of Sampling and Vanning of Tin-stuff, and of the

Stamping, Burning or Calcining, and Dreffing the fame ;

with the Manner of Dreffing the Leavings, Loobs, &c.

F Spalling and dividing the Tin-ftuff, and taking the
fample, 215. Vanning the Tin-ftuff-What is a Van

and its value, 216, 217. Of Tin in the Bal, 218. Of ftamp-

ing the Tin-stuff and fizing of it, and the ancient way of dreffing

Tin, 219. Description of a stamping mill, its tackle, and

appurtenances, 220. The pit and flime pit-The buddle and

buddling, 221. Toffing and packing, and Dillueing, 222.

Pit-works and skimpings, 223. Of the crop and rough Tin,

and brood in Tin, 223. Defcription of the calciner or burning-

house, 224. Of burning or calcining the Tin, 225. Dreffing

the leavings, 226. Trunking the tails, trunking and framing

the flimes, 227. Of the kofer and cazing, 228. Of the Loobs,

ftamping the tails, and dreffing upon tribute, 229. Of burnt

leavings, their value for Copper-Of vitriolick water, from

lotions of burnt leavings-its ufe for precipitation of Copper,

230. The rife and progrefs of precipitating for Copper, 231,

232.

CHA P. II.

The various Manuductions used in dreffing of Copper and Lead

Ores, and Sampling Copper Ores for Sale.

T

HE utenfils for dreffing, viz. griddle, ftrêke, &c. 234,
235. Dreffing by a large fieve, or griddle-by Picking,

Cobbing, and Bucking, 235. Of dreffing common yellow Ore

-Dredged Ore-Copper and Tin together, 236. Of the Hal-

vans and Henaways, 237. Of Jigging-Dreffing by the ton-

Ore may be too curiously or remiffly dreffed-how, 238, 239.

Calcining of Copper Ore, very proper to evaporate the Mundick,

Of running poor Ores into regule at the Mine, 242.

241.

Dreffing