formation of Metals, 3. Alchymical doctrine exploded; because no fermentation out of the vegetable kingdom, 3, 4. True cause most obvious and proximate, 4. Author's opinion, by magnetism, and approximation of particles, fui generis, proved in Copper, by the affinity of vitriolick acid with Iron, 5, 6. Water, thus faturated produces Metal in proportion to the precipitating power of its nidus. Goffan the nidus for most Metals and Minerals, 6, 7. No tranfmutation of Metals, 7. Yet Metals liable to increase or decay, according to the solution, retention, or tranfmigration of their refpective principles, ad infinitum: instanced in Eaft and Weft Huel-Virgin, 8, 9. Matter is fubject to continual modifications, progrefs, decay, and reformation, 9.

CHA P. II.

Water the Vehicle and Cement of Metals, Minerals, and Stones.

F the known properties of water, 10. In its circulation through the earth, a vehicle of Mineral particles, till arrested by their magnetick niduses, 10. proved by the waters of Huel-Sparnon and Pednandrea Mines, which are wholesome ; and by the infalubrity of North-Downs, Chacewater, and HuelVirgin waters, 11, 12. Water in the Mines cold and dulcet, sometimes warm, 12. Springs temporary or perennial; in the Miners idiom, "Top and bottom water, 13. The ocean the true origin of perpetual fprings, which acts like a huge forcing engine, 13. conjectured from a confideration of the Cafpian fea, 14. Rivers not always derived from the particular fea into which they return-Instances foreign and domestick, 15. Shallow Mines affected by top water only, deep Mines by both, 16. The increase of water in the bottoms of a deep Mine, by an east wind, a mistake, 16. The true caufe, 17. Earthquakes from three causes probably, viz. Water, Mineral combinations, and electrick æther, 18, 19. Reflections on their effects, 19, 20. Of the hitherto inexplicable defideratum of Mine water being lefs under the submarine Strata, than in other parts of a Mine, 20. Curious inftance at Huel-Cock, 21. HuelCock wrought eighty fathoms beyond low water mark, and within one of the bed of the ocean; yet less incommoded by water under the fea, than in any other part of the Mine, 21, 22. accounted for, 22. Of the lapidefcent, petrifying, and cementing qualities in water, 23. to be feen in Lime-rock, and

cicatrixes

cicatrixes of Granite or Moorftone, 23. Inftance of brafs pins, in a petrified folid lump, found under the pavement of RedruthStreet, 24. Earth and clay become folid ftones by lapidescent juices, and may be foluble again by air, 25. Cryftallizations in the earth, how formed; lapidifick juices, the cement of Metals, Minerals, and Stones, 26, 27. Three degrees of purity in this cement, viz. Spar, Crystal, and the Pfeudo Adamantes, 27. Spar fcarce in the Mining part of Cornwall, being produced from Limestone rock only, 28. Quartz and Crystal the proper names for our Spar-Of Cornish Diamonds, 29.

CHA P. III.

Of Metals and Minerals more immediately, and the Fluxes for afsaying them.

YOPPER and Iron moft foluble by the air and acids, 29.

a Gold,

Gold, Silver, Lead, and Tin lefs fo, 30. Ore and Mineral properly defined, 30. Mineralogy claffed, 30. Of earths; of the Steatites Cornubienfis, or Cornifh foap-rock, 31. composed of Talc and hard clay; beft compofition for China ware, 32. Fine clay and Talcy Granite, or Moorftone, used for Porcelain manufactory-Grouan clay makes fine bricks for furnaces, &c.

Of the crucible manufactory at Truro-The best crucibles made there with clay and Moorftone gravel, 32. Salts, infpiffated juices, faline, fulphureous, or acid-Vitriol, 33. Of the blue Roman Vitriol made at Treleigh in Redruth, and the procefs for making it, 33, 34. Afbeftos, or earth flax, in Cornwall, 34. Arfenicks eafily made from Mundick, 34. Mundick to be used for preferving fhips bottoms from worms, 35. Some Miners in Cornwall employed at fea in the fisheries, or under-ground, 35. No payment, however poisonous, will prevent the Teredo-worm from boring fhips bottoms, 36. The author's preparation highly fubtilized and proposed to be infused into the timber, 36, 37. Affay fluxes-Nitre-Tartar, 37. Metals wafted by fluxes which may be faved in the large furnaces, 38. Of the Fluxus Niger, 38. Common falt, its use at the furnace—Borax-Sandiver-Kelp—Their properties in fufing of Metals, 39, 40. Sal Ammoniack, common glafs, Slaggs of Metal, Charcoal, &c. 40. Minerals; Mundick, in all our Metal Lodes; difficult to feparate from them, 41. continually forming concretions; beautiful incruftations of them upon hexagonal Crystals-Proof that Metals and Minerals were not all

formed

formed at the creation, as we now find them, 42, 43. Of Cal, Goffan, and Cockle-Cal, a hurtful mixture with Tin-Of our Ochres-Description of Cockle, Talc, and Glist, 44, 45. Bismuth, natural hiftory of, how to affay it, 45, 46. BlackJack or Mock-Lead is a Zink Ore; ufeful ingredient in Brass, 46, 47. Antimony, its history, fufion, &c. in Cornwall, 47, 48, 49. Cobalt, natural history of, 49, 50. Lapis Calaminaris Metals, radical characters of-Specifick weight, 51. found pure among our Stream Tin, 52. diffolves in Aqua Regia only, 52. Gold leaf will plate to the three hundred and fixty thoufandth part of an inch thick-It never decays, &c. 53. Platina, a Metal lately discovered, nearest Gold in fixedness and folidity, but not fo ductile; differs from all other Metals, 54, 55. Quickfilver, often fophifticated—Of the Colick of the Dunmonii, 55. Its volatility-Factitious Cinnabar-No Quickfilver found in Cornwall, 56. what countries produce it—its furprising infinuation into the minutia of the human body, 57. Lead feldom pure, 57. Four forts of Lead in Cornwall, 57. when discovered, of fhort continuance, 58. Lead anciently known as a staple of England, 58. Silver feldom found in Britain out of Lead-Of the Silver Mines in Europe-Of the Mine of Potofi, 59. But four forts of Silver Ore-Silver per fe too foft for use, 60. Copper, soluble in all menftrua-Native Copper very common at shallow levels-A lump of Native Copper four tons in North-America, 61. Copper Ore in purest ftates, is Statactical, Guttatim, and Machacada-Of green blue Copper Ores-Grey Ore-Black Ore ought to be cautiously dreffed, 62. Peacock Ore-Yellow Copper Ores four forts, 63. Thirty thousand tons raised anno 1770-Cornish Copper Ores the fource of great employ, 64. Iron, the product of most countries-Sundry forts of Iron Ore-Caft Iron-Steel, 65. Iron in all bodies-Moft ufeful Metal to human life, 67. Tin

and

Tin Ore called Tin-ftuff-Black Tin, 66. Of Native Tin, the lightest of Metals, and the heaviest in a Mineral state-Of Shode and Stream Tin, 66. Bal or Mine Tin-Of Tin Lodes and Tin-stuff, 68. Trials of its purity-Various ufes-Pewter -Dying scarlet, 69. Tin the only trade in Great-Britain two thousand four hundred years ago-Little elsewhere-Of Molucca Tin, 70, 7I.

воок

Of the Strata of the Earth, and the Fiffures in which Metals are found; their Direction, Inclination, or Underlie, &c.

YORNISH Strata of different denfities, and not ftratified by the laws of gravity, but by thofe of affinity, 72. explained and accounted for, 73. Soft Grouan Stratum encloses Tin Lodes, 73. Slate-Killas, fix forts-The pale blue Killas moft likely for Lodes of rich and lafting qualities-Elvan, two forts, 74. Moorstone or Granite-its compofition-Five forts of Moorstone, 75. Ireftone, the hardest of all Strata, rich Lodes of Copper in it, 76. On the formation of Fiffures in general, 76. their various ufes in nature, 77. The opinions of Woodward and Agricola controverted, 78. Of the caples or walls of the Fiffure-On the roughness or fmoothness of the walls of Lodes, 78. Breadth of a Lode or Fiffure, various― Length or depth of a Fiffure, unlimited, 79. The direction of Tin and Copper Lodes in Cornwall always eaft and weft, 80. Their deflexion, inclination, or underlie, north or fouth, 80. Of horizontal Lodes or Fiffures, called Flat-Lodes or LodePlots-Of the Bunny or pipe of Ore, very uncommon in Cornwall, 81. Perpendicular, horizontal, and the inclined Fiffure, fummarily accounted for, 82. A greater or leffer impetus of the fame caufe occafioned the Underlie, and the flide or heave of a Lode, viz. the fubfidence of the earth, more or lefs at repeated times, 83. Of the efficient causes of those subsidencies, 83. The more lax and weaker Strata partially subfided, and the more compact and ftony formed hills, &c. Incroachments

produced fecondary fubfidencies, and the Noachian flood occafioned multiform fractures and diflocations of the Strata-The fame evinced in St. Agnes-St. Agnes beacon a production of Noah's flood-Although now a mountain, it was before the flood the bottom of the fea-Its defcription, 84. That fome parts of the prefent dry land were the bottom of the fea is the opinion of fundry naturalifts-The highest mountain in perpendicular height less than one-fix-thoufandth part of the earth's circumference, 85. Further fubfidencies caused by inundations, earthquakes, and the diffolvent powers of fubterranean fire and

water, 85. The foregoing hypothefis not without objectionsnot infifted upon; but fubmitted with great deference to the judgment of the naturalifts, 86.

CHA P. II.

Of the different kinds of Lodes in refpect of the Earth and Stones they contain.

M

OST Lodes are named from the Stone or Mineral they generally abound with-Very, different near the furface, and in depth-Why Lodes in general are not rich near the surface, 87. Twelve general different kinds of Tin and Copper Lodes -Goffan Lodes moft common- defcribed a tender red, a tender brown, 88. A dry pale Goffan, a poor Tin Goffan, and a Kal or Kally Goffan-Kal very ferruginous, 89. A Peach Lode, better for Tin than Copper; a Scovan Lode, productive of Tin only; a Caple Lode; a Pryan Lode, very lax and sandy, often rich, 90. A Quartz Lode, very unkindly; a Crystal Lode, four forts, 91, 92. A Killas Lode-Mundick Lode, when likely, and when not, 92, 93. Black Jack, a Zinc Ore, very shallow, better for Copper than Tin, good for neitherFlookan Lode, likely for Tin or Copper, 93. Flookan in a Cross-Goffan prevents the circulation of water east and west— A Flookan cast and west parallel Lode heaves an opposite underlying Lode higher up, 94. A Grouan Lode very foft or very hard, better difpofed for Tin than Copper, 94. Different Lodes, their alterations; which disposed for Tin, Copper, and Lead-Mine Stones have their finufes or joints, 95. Of Stones in Lodes foreign to their nature-The Elvan Stone, 95. The Liver Stone-The Horfe-defcription of-formation, 96. A ftope of dead ground, 97.

How Lodes are disordered, interrupted, fractured, elevated, and depreffed, by the Intervention of Cross-Goffans, Flookans, Slides, Contras, &c.

A

Slide, not the cause, but the effect of a Heave A Heave, a falfe term, 97. Cross-Goffan barren-runs north and south—intersects all metallick Lodes, 98. How to find the loft part, 99. Of the Clay or Flookan in a Cross-Goffan-dams

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