try now called Sierra Leone, where he began his commerce with the negroes. While he trafficked with them, he found some means of giving them a charming description of the country to which he was bound. The unsuspicious Africans listened to him with apparent joy and satisfaction, and seemed remarkably fond of his ́European trinkets, food, and clothes. He pointed out to them the barrenness of the country, and their naked and wretched condition, and promised, if any of them were weary of their miserable circumstances and would go along with him, he would carry them to a plentiful land, where they should live happy and receive recompense for their labors." . . . "He told them that the country was inhabited by such men as himself and his jovial companions, and assured them of kind usage and great friendship.". . . "In short, the negroes were overcome by his flattering promises, and three hundred stout fellows accepted his offer and consented to embark along with him."... "Everything being settled on the most amicable terms between them, Hawkins made preparations for his voyage. But in the night before his departure his negroes were attacked by a large body of Africans from a different quarter. Hawkins being alarmed with the shrieks and cries of dying persons, ordered his men to the assistance of his slaves, and having surrounded the assailants, carried a number of them on board as prisoners of war."... "The next day he set sail for Hispaniola with his cargo of human creatures; but during the passage treated the prisoners of war in a different manner from his volunteers." "Upon his arrival he disposed of his cargo to great advantage, and endeavored to inculcate on the Spaniards

who bought the negroes, the same distinction he observed; but they, having purchased all at the same rate, considered them as slaves of the same condition, and consequently treated all alike."

"When Hawkins returned to England with pearls, hides, sugar, and ginger, which he had received in exchange for his slaves, multitudes flocked after him to inquire into the nature, and learned the success of the new and extraordinary branch of trade."... "At first the nation was shocked at the unnatural trade of dealing in human flesh, and bartering the commodities and trinkets of Europe, for the negro races of Africa. The Queen (Elizabeth), though a patroness of commerce, was doubtful of the justice and humanity of this new branch, it appearing to her equally barbarous as uncommon, and therefore sent for Hawkins to inquire into his method of conducting it."... "Hawkins told her that he considered it as an act of humanity to carry men from a worse condition to a better,-from a state of wild barbarism to another, where they might share the blessings of civil society and Christianity; from poverty, nakedness, and want, to plenty and felicity." ... “He assured her that, in no expedition where he had command, should any Africans be carried away without their own free will and consent, except such captives as were taken in war, and doomed to death; that he had no scruple about the justice of bringing human creatures from that barren wilderness, to a condition where they might be both happy themselves, and beneficial to the world."... "Queen Elizabeth seemed satisfied with his account, and dismissed him by declaring that while he and his owners acted with humanity

and justice, they should have her countenance and support."... "She offered him a ship-of-war for his assistance and protection, but he declined her offer, by telling her majesty that the profits of the trade would answer for all the risk and expense attending it.”” . . . "Afterward, however, he fell in with the Minion, man-of-war, which accompanied him to the coast of Africa. After his arrival, he began as formerly to traffic with the negroes, endeavoring by persuasion and the prospects of reward, to induce them to go along with him. But now they were more reserved and jealous of his designs, and as none of their neighbors had returned, they were apprehensive that he had killed and eaten them."... "The Anglo-Americans have been fully exculpated from being leaders in this traffic. More than half a century before America was discovered, the slave trade was extensively carried on by the Venetians; and if the system can be at all supported, by its antiquity and general prevalence, we certainly have abundant authority in the practices of nations, from the creation of the world, to the present time." Collections of South Carolina History.

The first negroes introduced into Carolina, were brought from the Island of Barbadoes by Sir John Yeamans and his followers. There were no laborers but Europeans, for the purposes of culture, as the Indians would rather die of starvation, than make their bread by the sweat of the brow; and no doubt the unconquerable stubbornness of the red man, against labor of all sorts, was the primary necessitating cause of the resort to African slavery, in a climate so fatal to the

white man, when much exposed to the scorching, blistering heat of the lower part of South Carolina.

But we must not forget the family circle of Mr. Wyndham, whom we left making merry over the constantly idle alarms of his little pet wife; who, by the by, had good reason to feel concerned, for the Southern planter is the most daring, adventurous, fearless, self-reliant of men. The boy children, almost before they can walk, are straddled on a horse, papa holding them on, and they grow up in the practice of all sorts of daring, manly sports, so that their very education from the nursery makes them "leap first, and look out for a landing afterwards, like the grasshopper." They scorn concealment, as if it were cowardice; are as generous as the sun-light; and in all the author's life in South Carolina, she never heard the sentiment uttered, "Of paying attentions to people, because you intended to make use of them." If any calculator entertained such niggardly ideas of the pleasures of social intercourse, public opinion compelled him to hide it in the depths of his nutshell heart.* But when she came to live in the great political omnium gatherum-the metropolis of these United States, she found that not to seek self in every bow, every smile, every hospitality extended to strangers, was an evidence that you had no inductive powers of mind, and were not far removed from the simplicity of Abrahamic manners.

Mrs. Wyndham spent a sleepless night, from a pre

"Self-pride is the common friend of humanity, and like the bell of our church, is resorted to on all occasions; it ministers alike to our festivals or our fasts; our merriment or our mourning; our weal or our woe."

sentiment of trouble; for her husband, having been bedridden so long from the accident before alluded to, was not, she feared, in robust health enough to bear harmlessly that most sudden immersion in cold water. Her fears proved only too prophetic; for in a short time he developed unmistakable symptoms of pleurisy, a disease very common on the coast-settlements of South Carolina, and sometimes very fatal.

Old Liddy, who had been the accomplished maidservant of Mr. Wyndham's first wife, as soon as she heard of his illness, rushed into the house from the kitchen (for she was now the family cook), to know what was the matter "wid her own belubbed Mausser Jeems." Finding his hands hot and dry, and his eyes bright with fever, she turned in fright, with tears rolling down her cheeks, to her master's girl-wife, and said:

"Now, missus, yu'se nuttin but a chile; you nebber hab no speriunce ob sick people; derefore I sway to de Laud, I wunt lef my mausser's bedside, till he git hattie as ebber. So you mase well jes sen to de driber, ole Mingo, fur wun ob de fiel-niggas to cum to de kitchen, an tek me place."

The negroes are born cooks; so that a planter's wife, when her scientific culinary professor reports himself or herself sick, need only send to the driver for help. Dozens of the slaves working in the cotton or rice fields are fully competent, at a moment's notice, to drop the hoe and repair to the kitchen, where, in an incredibly short time, they will cook a luscious family dinner; and the blacks are proverbially cleaner in scouring the cooking-pots, and securing fresh water