CHAP. V.

Observations.

And now, having brought our readers to VIENNA, we shall here leave them; pursuing, without observation, the Concluding rest of our journey, through Germany and France, to England. Other writers have anticipated our description of this part of the European Continent; and the Second Part of the author's Travels has been already extended to its due length. It shall suffice therefore to add, that after remaining in Vienna until the middle of July, where we collected many valuable books, and some manuscripts of classic authors, we hastened, by the way of Munich, Augsburg, and Strasburg, to PARIS. Here we had an PARIS. interview with Napoleon Buonaparté. It was granted to us by that extraordinary man, in consequence of the kindness shewn by the author's late brother, Captain George Clarke, when commander of the Braakel, to a part of the French army which he convoyed from Egypt to Marseilles. In Paris we became acquainted with several Members of the Institute; and constantly attended the public Lectures of Haüy in Mineralogy, of Faujas de St. Fond in Geology, and of Fourcroy in Chemistry. At Paris we were also introduced to the celebrated Werner, during a visit that he made to his rival, Haüy; the French Capital being at that time thronged by men of science from all parts of Europe. After remaining in Paris until the end of September, we set out for Boulogne; and thence sailing to Dover, were once more safely, landed in our beloved Country. See the Lep 1.528.

(2) See Part II. of these Travels, Section the Second, Chap. I. p. 15. Brosbourn,

1814.

PAGE

ADDITIONAL NOTES

TO THE

THIRD SECTION OF PART THE SECOND.

AGE 15. line 22.

"Probalinthus and Enoa, cities of the TETRAPOLIS."]- Enoa has at length been recognised, according to Major Leake, in the vestiges of an antient Demos, in the valley above the village of Marathon, called Inoë. See Researches in Greece, p. 420. Lond. 1814.

P. 58. 1. 14. Sun-flower in the center."]—The dimensions of the Soros are as follow:

Length of the Operculum

Width

Thickness

Feet.

Inches.

Depth of the Soros

4

1 3

P. 60. last line but two. "Returning from this Chapel."]-The parish where this chapel is situate is that of Tabacides; and it is here that the Keff-kil is dug, for the manufacture of pipes. Mr. Hawkins obtained specimens from the pits.

Same page, at the bottom. "We were struck by the very artificial appearance" &c.]-This hill may perhaps be that of ISMENIUS, sacred to APOLLO. Vid. Pausan. Boot. cap. 10. p. 730. edit. Kuhnii.

P. 80. last line." He bade his wife be brisk, and get a cake of bread ready, and bake it upon the hearth."]-The manners of the Albanian peasants are nearly those of the first ages. Thirty-seven centuries have elapsed since " ABRAHAM," as it is written of him, (Genesis xviii. 6.) HASTENED INTO THE TENT UNTO SARAH, AND SAID,

MAKE READY QUICKLY THREE MEASURES OF FINE MEAL, KNEAD IT, AND MAKE CAKES UPON THE HEARTH."

P. 106. 1. 8. "Higher up the mountain, at the distance of twenty stadia, &c. was the fountain Hippocrene."]-Strabo mentions, besides the "Hieron of the Muses," and the "Hippocrene fountain," a natural cavern in Helicon, which future travellers may discover, called the "Cave of the Nymphs Libethrides." 'Evrauða d' ¿orì tó, te τῶν Μουσῶν ἱερὸν, καὶ ἡ Ἱππουκρήνη, καὶ τὸ τῶν Λειβηθρίδων νυμφῶν ἄντρον. Strab. Geog. lib. ix. p. 595. ed. Oxon.

P. 110. 1. 5. "Highest mountain of Euboea, bearing east and by north."]-This mountain is now called Delphos.

P. 167.

P. 167. Note (2.) The Epigram is here printed according to the common reading; but the word Пpáμμarı, instead of Пpaypari, as introduced by Mr. Walpole in his Herculensia, is necessary to the sense. See Herculensia, p. 198. Lond. 1810.

P. 201. 1. 7. The wine from these vineyards is excellent."]--Hence the original consecration of PARNASSUS to the Sun, and to Bacchus :

"MONS PHOEBO, BROMIOQUE SACER."

Lucano Pharsal. lib. v. ver. 73. p. 263. Lips. 1726.

P. 241. 1.6. "The Tumulus itself is the Polyandrium mentioned by Strabo."]— Θάψαντες δὲ τοὺς νεκροὺς, εἰργάσαιτο κοινὸν Πολυάνδριον. Elian. On the subject of the POLYANDRIVM, sec Gyraldus, "De vario Sepeliendi Ritu," tom. I. p. 748. (Not. 9.) L. Bat. 1696.

P. 342. Note (2.) "Funeral customs of the Macedonians."]-The former, indeed, contains a valuable Dissertation of John Baptista Crophius upon the "Antiquities of Macedonia;" wherein there is a Chapter entitled " MORBI AC FUNERA REGUM," at the end of the First Book; but this is principally taken up with an inquiry whether they burned or buried their dead. (Vide Dissertationem J. B. Crophii de Antiq. Macedon. lib. i. cap. 27. apud Gronov. Thesaur. Græc. Antiq. vol. VI. p. 2893. L. Bat. 1699.) Concerning the Sepulchre itself, its form, and the manner of the interment, we have little information. Of this dissertation by Crophius it must however be remarked, that it is among the most curious articles in the whole Thesaurus of Gronovius. In the fifteenth century, Gyraldus of Ferrara published a dissertation, replete with erudition, "De Sepulturâ, et vario Sepeliendi Ritu;" which, however, is rendered of tenfold value, by the learned Commentary of John Faes, as edited by Jensius, in the complete edition of the works of Gyraldus, tom. II. L. Bat. 1696. See tom. I. p. 685. But this learned dissertation relating to the Funeral Rites of the Greeks, Romans, Hetrurians, Egyptians, and Jews, takes no notice of the sepulchres of the MACEDONIANS.

P. 459. 1. 10. This is evidently nothing more than the virga divina," &c.]— Possibly of this nature were the rods of the Egyptians, mentioned in Sacred Scripture. In Exodus (vii. 11, 12.) it is said, that " THE WISE MEN AND THE SORCERERS... CAST DOWN EVERY MAN HIS ROD, AND THEY BECAME SERPENTS." They were therefore divining rods: and it is to be remarked, that the Caduceus of Hermes is generally represented with two serpents. (See Vignette to Chap. XIII.) Itaque VIRGULA DIVINA primò ex incantatorum impuris fontibus defluxisse videtur in metalla." Agricola de Re Metallicâ, lib. ii. p. 27. Basil, 1657.

P. 476. 1. 1. "One of Apollo's messengers."]-In the text of Sophocles, it is made (Aiòs äyyeλos) Jove's messenger: and the Scholiast considers the bird as the Nightingale. But the Swallow, among all nations, has been superstitiously revered as the Herald of the Sun, and therefore was considered by the Greeks as the Messenger of Apollo; to

whom,

whom, as to all the principal Deities, the name of Jove was applicable. It is to the same Deity, by the name of Apollo, that Electra addresses herself, "Ava; "AñoλλOV (ver. 1393.), & Aúkɛi' "Aπоλλov (ver. 1396.), as tutelary God of Mycena: and the lamentation of this bird for Itys, who was the son of Progne, clearly proves it to have been the Swallow.

P. 563. last line. VпгкOVÁ, K.T.X.]—The legend is thus restored by the learned Mr. Monck, of Reading in Berkshire : ΥΠΑΤΟΥ, ΓΑΙΟΥ, ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ, κ.τ.λ.

P. 583. 1. 13. "A dish of boiled wheat upon the body of a dead person."]-BARON BORN, in his "Travels through the Baunat of Temeswar," (Let. 3. p. 19. Lond. 1777:) mentions similar customs of the same people. "Wine." he says, "is thrown upon the grave, and frankincense burned around it, to drive away evil spirits and witches. This done, they go home; bake bread of wheat flour, which, to the expiation of the deceased, they eat; plentifully drinking, to be the better comforted themselves. The solemn shrieks, libations of wine, and fumigations about the tomb, continue during some days, nay, even some weeks, repeated by the nearest relations." His account of the howling interrogation which takes place at the sinking of the corpse into the grave, seems to prove the Celtic origin of the Walachians, and of the Romans their forefathers. "At this moment, the friends and relations of the deceased raise horrid cries. They remind the deceased of his friends, parents, cattle, house, and household; and ask for what reason he left them." Ibid. Upon the subject of their settlement in Walachia, and the origin of their name, the following observations occur in the Decads of Bonfinius. "VALACHI enim è Romanis oriundi, quòd eorum lingua adhuc fatetur, quum inter tam varias Barbarorum gentes sita, adhuc extirpari non potuerit, ulteriorem Istri plagam, quam Daci ac Getæ quondam incoluere, habitarunt. nam citeriorem Bulgari, qui è Sarmatiâ prodiere, deinde occuparunt. E legionibus enim et coloniis, à Traiano, ac cæteris Romanorum Imperatoribus, in Daciam deductis, Valachi promanarunt. Quos Pius à Flacco, pronunciatione Germanicâ Vlachos dici voluit: nos contra, dпò тоυ ̧ Baλλay kai rηs dxidos dictos esse censuimus, quum sagittandi arte præpolleant. Nonnulli Valachia à Diocletiani filiâ nomen inditum censuere, quæ illorum Principi nupsisse fertur." Ant. Bonfinio Rer. Vngar. Decad. 2. lib. vii. p. 277. Francof. 1581. P. 603. 1. 15. "A Greek Emperor of the name of Hermannus."]—Probably HERMANRIC the Great, King of the Ostrogoths, mentioned by Gibbon, vol. IV. p. 319. 8vo. edit.