The Civilization of Crime: Violence in Town and Country Since the Middle AgesEric Arthur Johnson, Eric H. Monkkonen University of Illinois Press, 1996 - 290 من الصفحات Along with most of the rest of Western culture, has crime itself become more "civilized"? This book exposes as myths the beliefs that society has become more violent than it has been in the past and that violence is more likely to occur in cities than in rural areas. The product of years of study by scholars from North America and Europe, The Civilization of Crime shows that, however violent some large cities may be now, both rural and urban communities in Sweden, Holland, England, and other countries were far more violent during the late Middle Ages than any cities are today. Contributors show that the dramatic change is due, in part, to the fact that violence was often tolerated or even accepted as a form of dispute settlement in village-dominated premodern society. Interpersonal violence declined in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, as dispute resolution was taken over by courts and other state institutions and the church became increasingly intolerant of it. The book also challenges a number of other historical-sociological theories, among them that contemporary organized crime is new, and addresses continuing debate about the meaning and usefulness of crime statistics. CONTRIBUTORS: Esther Cohen, Herman Diederiks, Florike Egmond, Eric A. Johnson, Michele Mancino, Eric H. Monkkonen, Eva Österberg, James A. Sharpe, Pieter Spierenburg, Jan Sundin, Barbara Weinberger |
المحتوى
Crime in England LongTerm Trends and the Problem of Modernization | 17 |
Criminality Social Control and the Early Modern State Evidence and Interpretations in Scandinavian Historiography | 35 |
LongTerm Trends in Homicide Theoretical Reflections and Dutch Evidence Fifteenth to Twentieth Centuries | 63 |
ShorterTerm Assessments Fourteenth to Twentieth Centuries | 107 |
The Hundred Years War and Crime in Paris 13321488 | 109 |
Ecclesiastical Justice and the CounterReformation Notes on the Diocesan Criminal Court of Naples | 125 |
Between Town and Countryside Organized Crime in the Dutch Republic | 138 |
Urban and Rural Criminal Justice and Criminality in the Netherlands since the Middle Ages Some Observations | 153 |
For God State and People Crime and Local Justice in Preindustrial Sweden | 165 |
Urban and Rural Crime Rates and Their Genesis in Late Nineteenth and Early TwentiethCentury Britain | 198 |
Urban and Rural Crime in Germany 18711914 | 217 |
Bibliography | 259 |
Contributors | 275 |
279 | |
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عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
Amsterdam ancien régime Arboga archepiscopal Archives arrested assault average behavior Birmingham Brabant changes church cities communities concerned countryside courts crime rates criminal justice death decades decline Diederiks discussion disputes districts Dutch Republic E. A. Wrigley Early Modern ecclesiastical economic eighteenth century Elias's England English essay ethnic evidence fifteenth figures groups Gullberg Härnösand Heikki Ylikangas historians history of crime Holland homicide rate Imperial Germany increase infanticide inhabitants involved Johan Söderberg judicial jurisdictions killed killers less Linköping London manslaughter medieval Misdaad Naples Netherlands nineteenth century Norbert Elias Norrköping Paris pattern percent Percentage period police population preindustrial problem property offenses prosecuted province punishment records Reich rural areas rural bands Sandnes sentences seventeenth century siècle sixteenth century Småland Social Control society Stockholm Sweden Swedish theft thieves tion total number towns trend trials tury urban vagrants victims violence violent crime Warwickshire women Ylikangas
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 4 - The monopolization of physical violence, the concentration of arms and armed men under one authority, makes the use of violence more or less calculable, and forces unarmed men in the pacified social spaces to restrain their own violence through foresight or reflection; in other words it imposes on people a greater or lesser degree of self-control.