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CHAPTER IV.
VARIOUS STUDIES.
Departure of the French and resumption of study. The Polyglott
romance. Biblical studies. Influence of Fräulein von Kletten-
berg. Early love for Gretchen. — Disappointment. — Fascination
exercised by Goethe
-
40
CHAPTER V.
THE CHILD IS FATHER TO THE MAN.
Characteristics of the man to be traced in the moral lineaments of
Goethe commences his collegiate life at Leipsic. Wearies of logic
and jurisprudence. Appearance in society.
Böhme.
--
Acquaintance with
Frau
Literary society at the table d'hôte of Herr
Schönkopf. Falls in love with Anna Katharina Schönkopf.
Description of Goethe in Horn's letters to Moors. Composition
of Die Laune des Verliebten.' - Works of Goethe an embod-
iment of his experiences. Pranks and extravagances with
Behrisch. Composition of The Fellow Sinners'
CHAPTER II.
MENTAL CHARACTERISTICS.
53
Subjective and objective intellects. — Antagonism between the ideal
and the real. Objective character of Goethe's genius. - Con-
crete tendency in his works. —Comparison of Goethe with Shake-
speare. Moral toleration
72
CHAPTER III.
ART STUDIES.
Goethe neglects his collegiate studies. His love songs. Joins
Oeser's drawing class. - Trip to Dresden. ·
Learns engraving. —
Serious illness.State of religious doubt. Returns to Frank-
furt
78
RETURN HOME.
Goethe's reception at home. - Letters to Käthchen Schönkopf. -
Marriage of Käthchen with Dr. Kanne. - Unpleasant relations
with his father.- Sudies in alchemy.- Religion more prom-
inently in his thoughts. Passing affection for Charity Meix-
Goethe proceeds to Strasburg university. — Description of his per-
son.-
- Strasburg cathedral. — General progress. — Disgust at the
Système de la Nature.' Raphael's cartoons.
- Ominous pic-
tures exhibited to Marie Antoinette.. - Goethe's French verses.-
Mystical metaphysical studies. - Early tendency towards Nature-
worship. Giordana Bruno.--Notes on Bayle's criticism. Re-
markable comment on a chapter in Fabricius. -Improvement in
his demeanor. -Increased circle of friends. - First meeting and
friendship with Stilling. Friendship with Franz Lerse. - Con-
quers his irritability and sensitiveness. — Two love poems.
Dancing at Strasburg.-Story of Emilia and Lucinda, the dancing-
master's daughters
Goethe to the Brion family. - Frederika. Goethe's letter. -
Affection of Goethe and Frederika. Goethe obtains his doctor's
degree. Frederika's visit to Strasburg. Effect of Shakespeare
on Germany. — Goethe's oration on Shakespeare. — His tractate
on German architecture.
114
Parting with Frederika
BOOK THE THIRD.
STURM UND DRANG.
1771 To 1775.
CHAPTER I.
DR. GOETHE'S RETURN.
Goethe's reception by his father. - Commencement of the Storm
and Stress period. - Goethe's reluctance to appear in print.
His anguish at having renounced Frederika. Reasons why he
did not marry her. Antagonism between domesticity and
genius. Egoism of genius. - Hard work - Johann Heinrich
Merck. The Frankfurter Gelehrten Anzeigen. — Goethe's fond-
ness for skating
141
CHAPTER II
GÖTZ VON BERLICHINGEN.
Three versions of 'Götz.' Goethe's own account of the composition.
- Character of Gottfried with the Iron Hand. Battle for indi-
vidual liberty in the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries compared.
Götz' a dramatic chronicle, not a drama. - Singularly un-
Shakespearian in construction, in the presentation of character,
and in the language. — The first-born of the romantic school.-
Its injurious influence on dramatic art. - Its originality denied by
Hegel. Götz' a marvellous work
153
WETZLAR.
Meagre account of Wetzlar in Goethe's Autobiography. — The
imperial court of justice, a German chancery. - The Teutsche
Haus. - The Round Table and its knights. Description of
Goethe by Kestner. His acquaintance with Gotter. Con-
nection with the Gottingen school. - Moral contest between indi-
viduals and government. Literary and philosophic insurrection
-Goethe falls in love with Charlotte Buff. Kestner's engage-
ment to Charlotte. Jerusalem's unhappy passion. - Goethe's
visit to Höpfner. - Melancholy departure from Wetzlar
PREPARATIONS FOR WERTHER.
Goethe interrogates fate whether he should become an artist.
Maximiliane von Laroche.
Frankfurt. — Re-writing
and extravagancies of the age.
to Kestner and Charlotte.
Jerusalem.
Kestner.
Mahomet.
Excursion with Merck. Studies at
Gotz von Berlichingen.' — Successful
publication of Götz.' — Amusing offer of a bookseller. - Unrest
- General want of faith. Letters
- Coquetting with suicide. - Suicide of
State of Goethe's mind. - Marriage of Charlotte to
Marriage of Cornelia. Goethe meditates a drama on
- Marriage of Maximiliane Laroche with Brentano.
Dangerous intimacy. Publication of Gotter, Helden und Wie-
land.' First acquaintance with Karl August. - Composition of
Werther
Kestner's narrative of Jerusalem's suicide.. Sensation at Wetzlar.
Character of Werther.
- Distinction between Werther and
Goethe. — Wretched English translation of Werther.'— Sim-
plicity of the structure of the book. Its prodigious effect.
Objections of Lessing. - Parody by Nicolai.- Nicolai at Wer-
ther's grave.
- Enthusiasm of Zimmermann and Kotzebue..
Indignation of Kestner and Charlotte. Goethe obtains their
forgiveness. Kestner's letter to Hennings
Goethe's contemporaries. — Idealism the dominant characteristic of
German literature. Comparison of Greek and Christian Art.
Legend of Tannhäuser and Legend of Phryne. - Nature deified
by the Greek, and diabolized by the Christian. Contrast be-
tween early Greek and early Christian art. Realism the domi-
nant characteristic of the Greek mind, and Idealism of the
Christian. Idealism carried furthest by German art. Ger-
man belief in witches and wizards.. Struggle between Idealism
and Realism. Predominance of Realism in the Romantic epoch.
Contrast
Its strong manifestation in the Nibelungen Lied.
between national song or Volkspoesie, and poetic art Kuntspoesie.
-Poetry made secular by the crusades.
Realistic reaction.
Continued predominance in Germany of Idealism over Realism.
Change produced by the Reformation. — Twofold protest of the
eighteenth century negative against authority, and positive in
favor of Nature. - Klopstock the representative of German Ideal-
ism. Wieland the representative of German Realism. — Lessing
the real revolutionary leader of the German mind. - Herder the
lineal descendant of Lessing. — Goethe the Realist, and Schiller
the Idealist
239
CHAPTER VII.
CLAVIGO.
Marriage lotteries. Anna Sybilla Münch.. 'Mémoire' of Beau-
marchais. Story of Beaumarchais and Clavijo. — Goethe's com-
position of Clavigo.' - Trifling character of the play.. 268
CHAPTER VIII.
THE LITERARY LION.
Goethe's acquaintance with Klopstock and Lavater. Character of
Lavater. Probable parentage of Goethe's religious opinions.
Faith and knowledge. - Acquaintance with Basedow, the educa-
tion reformer. Wild and genius-like demeanor. Acquaintance
with Jacobi.-Impressions produced by his wonderful person-
ality. Studies Spinoza. — Studies the history and doctrines of
the Moravians. · Conceives an idea of treating epically the his-
tory of the Wandering Jew.' — Projects a play on the fable
of Prometheus. Comparison of the extant fragment with the
Prometheus of Eschylus
279
CHAPTER IX.
LILI.
Goethe's affection for Anna Elizabeth Schönemann (Lili). — Char-
acter of Lili. Goethe's verses to Lili. Erwin und Elmire.'.
Objections to a marriage. - Composition of Stella. '-- Canning's
caricature. Tour in Switzerland with the two Counts Stolberg.--
Separation from Lili. —Lili's Menagerie.' -- Commencement of
Egmont.' Goethe accepts Karl August's invitation to Wei-
mar
302