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aid of Syracuse, 405; and to put himself into his
hands, 406; Dion restores him the command in
chief by sea, 408; Heraclides renews his intrigues
against Dion, ibid.; Dion is obliged to suffer him
to be killed, 409.

Her-a-cli'des, Philip's minister, his character, iv.
18; Philip sacrifices him, to gain the affection of
the Macedonians, ibid.

Her-a-cli'des of Byzantium is deputed by Antio-
chus to Scipio Africanus, iv. 66, 67.
Her-a-cli'des, treasurer of the province of Babylon,
is banished by Demetrius Soter, iv. 231; he is
appointed by Ptolemy, Attalus, and Ariarathes,
to prepare Alexander Bala for personating the
son of Antiochus Epiphanes, in order to his
reigning instead of Demetrius, 233; he carries
him to Rome, where he succeeds in causing him
to be acknowledged king of Syria, ibid.
Her'cu-les, son of Jupiter aud Alcmena, subjected
to Eurysthenes by the fraud of Juno, i. 412.
Her'cu-les, son of Alexander and Barsina, iii. 228;
is put to death by Polysperchon, 274.
Her-ip-pi'das, Spartan: his too rigid exactness
obliges Spithridates to abandon the party of the
Lacedæmonians, ii. 281.

Her-mi'as, Carian, is declared prime minister of
Antiochus the great, iii. 400; his character, ibid.;
he removes Ephigenes, the most able of Antio
chus's generals, 402; Antiochus causes him to
be assassinated, 404.
Her-moc'ra-tes, Syracusan, encourages his citizens
to defend themselves against the Athenians, ii.
193; he is elected general, ibid.,

Her-mo-la'us, officer in the train of Alexander, con-
spires against that prince, iii. 176; he is discov-
ered and punished, ibid

Her'od, Idumæan, is made governor of Galilee, iv.
280; he escapes from Jerusalem, to avoid falling||
into the hands of the Parthians, ibid.; he goes to
Rome, and is declared king of Judea by the se-
nate, ibid.; he forms the siege of Jerusalem, 281;
he goes to Samaria, and espouses Mariamne,
ibid.; he makes himself master of Jerusalem,
and ascends the throne of Judea, ibid.
He-rod'i-cus, one of the principal persons of Thes-
saly; unhappy fate of that prince and his family,
iv. 105.

He-rod'o-tus, Greek historian: his birth, ii. 46;
applauses which he received at the Olympic
games on reading his history there, i. 59.
He-rod'o-tus, friend of Demetrius son of Philip, is
seized on that prince's account, iv. 117; he is put
to the torture, and dies on the rack, ibid.
He'roes: times most famous for the history of the
heroes, i. 52; description of most of the heroes
so much boasted of in history, 53; qualities that
form the true hero, iii. 219.
He'si-od, Greek poet, i. 443.
Hez-e-ki'ah, king of Judah, is cured miraculously,
i. 285; he shows the ambassadors of the king of
Babylon his riches and his palace, ibid.; God
menaces him by his prophet, ibid.; accomplish-
ment of those threats, 287.

Hi'dar-nes, Persian of great quality, Statira's fa-
ther, ii. 238.

Hi-emp'sal, son of Micipsa, king of Numidia, i. 264;
Jugurtha causes him to be murdered, 265.
Hi'e-rax, of Antioch, becomes prime minister to
Physcon, iv. 242; that prince puts him to death,
243.

Hi'e-ro I. brother of Gelon, reigns after him in Sy-
racuse, ii. 134; his character, ibid.; suspicions
which he forms against his brother, 135; he at-
tracts learned men about him ibid.; his good-
ness to the children of Anaxilaus, 137; his death,
ibid.

Hi'e-ro II. his birth, iv. 309 he is chosen captain-
general of the Syracusans, ibid.; and soon after
elected king, 310; he quits the party of the Car-

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HY

thaginians, and espouses that of the RomaS,
311; he aids the first against the mercenais,
312; his pacific reign, ibid.; he favours agnca
ture particularly, ibid., &c.; distinguished prosti
which he gives of his attachment to the Roths
in the second Punic war, 314, 319; he empiri
the ability of Archimedes, who makes abundance
of machines of war for him for the defence of
place, 316; galley which Archimedes builds fr
him, 317; he dies at a great age, much lamented
by his people, 319.

Hi-er'o-cles, father of Hiero, causes his son to be
exposed, and then to be brought back to his
house, where he educates him with great care,
iv. 309.

Hi-e-ro-glyph'ics: signification of the word, i. 99.
Hi-e-ron'y-mus, Hiero's grandson, reigns after bin
at Syracuse, and by his vices causes him to be
much regretted, iv. 319, 320; he makes an al-
liance with Hannibal, 320; he is killed in a con-
spiracy, 321.

Hi-e-ro phan'tes, name given to the person who
presided at the ceremony of the feast of Eleusis,
i. 34.
Hi-mil'con, Carthaginian general, comes to Siriy
to drive the Romans out of it, iv. 329; he perishes
there, 331.

Hip'pa-cra, city of Africa, refused at first to join
the mercenaries, i. 199; and joins them after-
wards, 200.

Hip'par-chus, son of Pisistratus, governs at Athens
after his father's death, i. 439; his taste for lite-
rature, ibid.; he is killed in the conspiracy of Har-
modius and Aristogiton, ibid.

Hip-pa-ri'nus, brother of Dionysius, drives Callip-
pus out of Syracuse, and reigns there two years,
ii. 411.

Hip'pi-as, son of Pisistratus, retains the sovereignty
after the death of his father, i. 439; be finds
means to frustrate the conspiracy formed by Har-
modius and Aristogiton, ibid.; he is compelled to
quit Attica, and goes to settle in Phrygia, 440,; he
takes refuge in Asia with Artaphernes, 442; i
30; he engages the Persians in the war against
the Greeks, and serves them as a guide, ; he
is killed at Marathon, fighting against his coun-
Hip-poc'ra-tes, famous physician: his great ability,
try, 40.
1.391; his disinterestedness, ii. 194.
Hip-poc'ra-tes, native of Carthage, is sent by Hlan-
nibal to Hieronymus, and resides at his court, iv.
320; he becomes one of the principal magistrates
of Syracuse, 324; he marches to the aid of Leon-
tium, 325; and is obliged to fly, ibid.; be, and
Epicydes, possess themselves of all authority at
Syracuse, 326; he makes war in the field against
Marcellus, 329; the plague destroys him and his
Hip'po-nax, satiric poet, known by his verses
troops, 331.
His'to-ry: idea which it gives us of the origin and
against Bupalus and Athenis, i. 445.
progress of kingdoms, i. 13; advantages to be
derived from the study of history, iii. 80, 449.
Hol-o fer'nes, general of the king of Assyria,
marches against the Israelites, and besieges Beth-
ulia, i. 287; Judith cuts off his head, ibid.
Hol-o fer'nes, the pretended brother of Ariarathes,
usurps the throne of Cappadocia, iv. 202, 303;
he is driven out by Attalus, and retires to An-
tioch, ibid.; he enters into a conspiracy against
Demetrius his benefactor, who imprisons him,
303.

Ho'mer, famous poet, i. 442; to what perfection be
carried the species of poetry to which he applied
himself, 443.

Ho-se'a, king of Samaria, revolts against the king
of Assyria, i. 284; he is laden with chains by
Salmanasar, and put in prison for the rest of his
life, ibid.

IC

Hy-a-cin'thus, feast celebrated in honour of him at
Lacedæmon, ii. 73.

Hyb'la, a city of Sicily, ii. 181.

Hy-dar'nes commands the Persians called the Im-
mortals, in the army of Xerxes, ii. 56.
Hy-dra'o-tes, a river in India, iii. 187.
Hy-me'ra, city of Sicily: its foundation, ii. 181; its
destruction, i. 170.

Hy-mer'e-us, brother of Demetrius Phalereus, is
delivered up to Antipater, who puts him to death,
iii. 236.

Hy-per'bo-lus, Athenian: his character, ii. 179; he
endeavours to irritate the people against Nicias
and Alcibiades, ibid.; he is banished by the os-
tracism, ibid.

Hyp-si-cra'ti-a, one of the wives of Mithridates:
her masculine courage, iv. 374.
Hyr-ca'ni-ans, people in the neighbourhood of Ba-
bylonia, subjected by Cyrus, i. 320.
Hyr-ca'nus, son of Joseph, is sent by his father to
the court of Alexandria, to compliment the king
upon the birth of his son Philometer, iv. 87; he
distinguishes himself at the court by his address
and magnificence, 88.

Hyr-ca'nus, (John,) son of Simon, is declared high-
priest and prince of the Jews after his father's
death, iv. 247; he is besieged by Antiochus Side-
tes in Jerusalem, ibid.; and surrenders by capitu-
lation, ibid.; he renders himself absolute and in-
dependent, 249; he renews the treaty with the
Romans, 251; he augments his power in Judea,
255; he takes Samaria, and demolishes it, 256;
he becomes an enemy to the Pharisees, 257; he
dies, ibid.

Hyr-ca'nus, son of Alexander Jannæus, is made
high-priest of the Jews, iv. 266, 274; after the
death of Alexandra, he takes possession of the
throne, 276; he is obliged to submit to Aristobu-
lus his younger brother, ibid.; he has recourse
to Pompey, who replaces him upon the throne,
ibid., &c.; he is again dethroned by Pacorus,
son of Orodes, and delivered up to Antigonus,
who causes his ears to be cut off, 280; the Par-
thians carry him into the east, ibid.; he returns!
to Jerusalem, where Herod puts him to death,
ibid.
Hys-tas'pes, father of Darius, governor of Persia,
i. 367.

ibid.

Hys-tas'pes, second son of Xerxes, is made gover-
nor of Bactriana, ii. 82; his remoteness from
court makes way for his brother Artaxerxes to
ascend the throne, ibid.; Artaxerxes undertakes
to reduce him, 98; and entirely ruins his party,
Hys-ti-æ'us, tyrant of Miletus, prevails upon the
generals of Ionia, not to abandon Darius, then
employed in a war with the Scythians, ii. 25;
Darius grants him a territory in Thrace, where
he builds a city, 26; that prince recalls him to
court, ibid.; Hystiæus secretly supports the re-
volts of the Ionians, 29; he forms a conspiracy
against the government, 32; he is discovered,
ibid.; he is taken by the Persians, delivered up
to Artaphernes, and put to death, 33; character
of Hystiæus, ibid.

I-ac'cus. See Bacchus.

I A

I-am'bic, verse proper for tragedy, i. 67.
I-be'ri-ans, people of Asia, subjected by Pompey,
iv. 376.

I'bis, animal adored by the Egyptians, i. 115, 117.
Ic'e-tas of Syracuse, tyrant of the Leontines, causes

the wife and mother-in-law of Dion to be put to
death, ii. 411; the Syracusans call in his aid
against Dionysius, and elect him their general,
413; he conceives the design of making himself
master of Syracuse, 414; and seizes great part

IP

of the city, 415; Timoleon marches against him,
416, &c.; and obliges him to live as a private
person in the city of the Leontines, 419; Icetas
revolts against Timoleon, who punishes him and
his son with death, 420.

Ich-neu'mon, animal adored in Egypt, i. 117.
I-du'ma-ans, people of Palestine: Hyrcanus obliges
them to embrace Judaism, iv. 272.
Im'il-con, son of Hanno, is sent lieutenant to Han-
nibal on his going to command in Sicily, i. 171;
he takes Agrigentum, 172; he puts an end to the
war by a treaty with Dionysius, ibid.; and returns
to Carthage, 173; he returns to Sicily at the head
of an army, i. 174, ii. 379; the plague spreads in
his army, i. 174, ii. 382; he is defeated by Diony-
sius, leaves his troops to the mercy of the enemy,
and retires to Carthage, where he kills himself,
i. 175, ii. 383.

Im-mortals, guards of the Persian kings, so called,
i. 382.

In'a-chus, king of Argos, i. 412.
In'a-rus, prince of the Libyans. is chosen king by
the Egyptians, and supports their revolt against
the Persians, ii. 106; he treats with Megabyzus,
general of the Persians, and surrenders himself,
107; he is delivered to the mother of Artaxerxes,
and put to death, ibid.

In'cest, common among the Persians, i. 363, 364,399
In-da-thyr'sus, king of the Scythians, attacked by
Darius, ii. 24; answer of that prince to Darius,
who sent to demand fire and water from him,
ibid.

In'di-a, region of Asia, divided in two parts, i. 27;
iii. 177; manners of its inhabitants, ibid., &c.;
rarities of that country, ibid., &c. ; history of the
commerce with that country from Solomon's
time to the present, i. 109; very singular dispute
between two Indian women after the death of
their common husband, iii. 262; expedition of
Semiramis into India, i. 279; conquest of India
by Darius, ii. 27; then by Alexander, iii. 187, &c.
In-form'ers: how punished in Persia, i. 374; defi-
nition of them by Plutarch, ii. 402.-See Calum-
niators or False Accusers.

In-grat'i-tude punished most severely among the
Persians, i. 308.

In-ta-pher'nes, Persian lord: his insolence and
punishment, ii. 11.

In'ter-est of money among the Romans, iv. 357,361.
I'o-las, second son of Antipater, and cupbearer to
Alexander, is suspected of having poisoned that
prince, iii. 210.

I'on, son of Xuthus, who gave his name to Ionia,
i. 414, 415.

I'on, favourite of Perseus, delivers up that prince's
children to Octavius, iv. 186.

I-o'ni-a, province of Asia Minor, i. 409; from
whence it takes its name, 415; revolt of the
Ionians against Darius, ii. 29; they burn the city
of Sardis, 31; their party is entirely ruined, 32;
they throw off the Persian yoke after the battle
of Salamin, and unite with the Greeks from
thenceforth, 81.

I-phic'ra-tes, Athenian, is sent to aid Corcyra, ii.
432; he is placed at the head of the Grecian
troops in the expedition of Artaxerxes against
Egypt, 458; he retires to Athens, where Pharna-
bazus causes him to be accused of making the
expedition miscarry, ibid.; the Athenians em-
ploy him in the war with the allies, iii. 8; he is
accused by Chares, 10; and cited to take his
trial, ibid.; means which he employs for his de-
fence, ibid.; he re-establishes Perdiccas upon the
throne of Macedonia, 31; praise of Iphicrates,
8; military discipline which he establishes among
the troops, 9.

Ip'sus, city of Phrygia, famous for the victory of
Ptolemy, Cassander, Seleucus, and Lysimachus,
over Antigonus and Demetrius, iii. 296

464

JE

Is'a-das, young Spartan: his great courage, ii. 450.
I-sag'o-ras, Athenian, forms a faction in Athens
after the expulsion of the tyrants, i. 441.
Is'cho-las, Spartan, guards an important pass dur-
ing the irruption of the Thebans into Laconia,
and distinguishes himself in a peculiar manner,
ii. 438.

Isle, part of the city of Syracuse: description of it,
ii. 190.

Is-me'ni-us, Theban, is made prisoner with Pelopi-
das, by Alexander of Pheræ, ii. 445; he is deliv-
ered by Epaminondas, 447; Ismenius, polemarch
of Thebes, is seized by Leontides, and carried
prisoner to the citadel, 424; he is condemned and
executed, 425.

I-soc'ra-tes, Greek orator: services which he en-
deavoured to render the Athenians by his wri-
tings, iii. 11, 47; his death, 66.

I-soc'ra-tes, Greek grammarian, is sent prisoner to
Rome, for having endeavoured to justify the as-
sassination of Octavius, iv. 232.

Is'sus, city of Cilicia, famous for Alexander's vic-
tory over Darius, iii. 100.

Isth'mi-an, solemn games of Greece, i. 47.
I-tal'i-ans massacred in Asia Minor, by order of
Mithridates, iv. 344.

I'tho-bal, king of Tyre, when besieged by Nebu-
chodonosor, i. 289.

I-tho'ma, a city of Messenia, famous for the battle
fought there between the Messenians and Lace-
dæmonians, i. 88; the inhabitants of that city
subjected by the Lacedæmonians, ibid.
I-tu're a, part of Colosyria, iv. 272; the Ituræans
are obliged by Aristobulus to embrace Judaism,

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Je-ho'az, king of Judea, led captive into Egypt,
where he dies, i. 142.

Je-hoi'a-kim is placed by Nechao upon the throne
of Judea in the room of his brother Jeloaz, i.
142; he is conquered by Nebuchodonosor, 288;
he revolts against that prince, 289; his death,
ibid.
Je-ru'sa-lem, city of Palestine, i. 28; taking of that
city by Nechao, 142; it is besieged by Sennache-
rib, and delivered miraculously, 285, 286; it is
besieged and taken by Nebuchodonosor, 282, 289;
its fortifications demolished by that prince, ibid.;
rebuilt by order of Artaxerxes, ii. 109; Alexan-
der's entrance into Jerusalem, iii. 123; it is be-
sieged and taken by Ptolemy, 246, 247; it is taken
and plundered by Antiochus Epiphanes, iv. 125,
130, 131; its temple is profaned, 126, 132; it is
taken by Antiochus Sidetes, who causes its for-
tifications to be demolished, iv. 247; Pompey

JU

takes Jerusalem by storm. 278; Cæsar perts
its walls to be rebuilt, which Pompey had causet
to be demolished, 280; Herod takes Jerusales,
281.

Je'sus Christ, his kingdom foretold by Daniel,
352; contrast between the kingdoms of the world
and the kingdom of Christ, 353, 354.

Jews, massacre of the Jews, by order of Sennache
rib, i. 286; aversion of the Jews for the Saman-
tans, ibid.; captivity of the Jews at Babylon, and
its duration, 288; Cyrus' edict for their return
to Jerusalem, i. 350; the rebuilding of their city
opposed by the Samaritans, 351; ii. 14; Darios
confirms Cyrus' edict in their favour, 14; his
edict against the Jews revoked at the solicitation
of Esther, i. 375; the Jews are confirmed in their
privileges by Xerxes, ii. 46; and afterwards by
Artaxerxes, 108; Ochus carries a great number
of Jews captive into Egypt, iii. 17; the Jews re-
fuse to submit to Alexander, 122; they obtain
great privileges from that prince, 127; they re-
fuse to work at the building of the temple of
Belus, 208; they settle at Alexandria in great
numbers, 272; all those who were slaves in
Egypt are set at liberty, 325; the Jews submiT TO
Antiochus the Great, iv. 20; cruelties which
they suffer from Antiochus Epiphanes, 125, 130,
&c.; they gain great victories under Judas Mac-
cabæus, first over the generals of that prince,
then over those of Antiochus Eupator, and over
himself in person, 136, 138, 140, 226; they make
peace with Antiochus, ibid.; they gain new vic-
tories over the generals of Demetrius Soter, 23;
they are declared friends and allies of the Ro-
mans. ibid.; they build a temple in Egypt, 234;
they revenge themselves on the inhabitants of
Antioch for the evils they had suffered from them,
238, 239; they renew the treaties with the Ro
mans, 242; they are subjected by Antiochus Si
detes, 247; history of the Jews under Aristobalus,
271; Alexander Janna us, 272; Alexandra, 4;
Aristobulus II., 276; Hyrcanus, 279; Antigonus,
280; the sovereignty over the Jews transferred
to a stranger, 281.

Jon'a-than, a Jew and Sadducee, brings over Hyr-
canus to his sect from that of the Pharisees, iv.

257.

Jon'a-than, brother of Judas Maccabæus, succeeds
him in the government of Judea, iv. 232; he ac-
cepts of the high-priesthood from Alexander Ba-
la, and aids that prince against Demetrius Soter,
237; he undertakes to drive the Greeks out of
the citadel which they had in Jerusalem, ibid.,
&c.; Demetrius Nicator orders him to attend
him upon that affair, ibid.; Jonathan aids that
prince against the people of Antioch, ibid.; dis-
gusted by the ingratitude of Demetrius, he de
clares for Antiochus Theos, 238; he suffers him-
self to be deceived by Tryphon, who puts him to
death, 239

Jo'seph, son of Jacob, i. 130.
Jo'seph, Onias' nephew, is sent into Egypt, to
make his uncle's excuse to Ptolemy, iü. 363: his
credit with Ptolemy, ibid.; that prince gives him
the farm of the revenues of Colosyria and Paics-
tine without security, ibid.

Jo'si-ah,king of Judah, marches against Nechas,
is defeated, and dies of a wound received in bat-
tle, i. 141, 142.

Ju'ba I. king of Mauritania, is conquered by Ca-
sar, and kills himself, i. 269.

Ju'ba II. son of the former, is led in Casar's tri-
umph while an infant, i. 269; Augustus restores
him the dominions of his father, ibid.; works of
learning ascribed to this prince, ibid.
Ju'das, called Maccabæus, third son of Mattathins
is chosen general by his father against Antiochus
Epiphanes, iv. 135; he gains several great vic-
tories over that prince, 137, &c.; he retakes the

LA
temple, and dedicates it anew to the service of
God, 139; he gains new advantages over the
generals of Antiochus Eupator, and over that
prince in person, iv. 225, &c.; repeated victories
of Judas Maccabæus over the generals of Deme-
trius Soter, 236, 237; he dies in battle, fighting
gloriously, 232.

Ju-de'a, region of Syria, called also Palestine, i.
28.

Ju'dith, Jewess; her courage and boldness, i. 287.
Ju-gur'tha, Massinissa's grandson, is adopted by
Micipsa, and associated with the other children
of that prince, i. 265; he seizes the kingdom of
Numidia, and puts one of the two princes, his
brothers by adoption, to death, ibid.; he attacks
the second with open force, 266; besieges him in
Cirtha, ibid.; the Romans declare war against
him, 267; Jugurtha frustrates their efforts seve-
ral times by bribes, ibid.; the Romans send Me-
tellus first, and then Marius against him, who
both gain many advantages over him, 267, 268;
Jugurtha has recourse to Bocchus, his father-in-
law, who gives him up to the Romans, 268; he
is led in triumph, 269; and afterwards thrown
into a deep dungeon, where he perishes misera-
bly, ibid.

Juli-us is sent deputy by the Romans into Achaia,
to appease the troubles there, iv. 211.
Ju'ni-us, consul, is defeated at sea by the Cartha-
ginians, i. 195.

Ju-ven'ti-us Thalna (P.) Roman prætor, marches
against Andriscus, iv. 210; he is killed in a bat-
tle, ibid.

ΚΙ

King'doms: origin and progress of kingdoms from
their first institution, i. 24.

LA

Lab'da-lon, fort situated in the neighbourhood of
Syracuse, ii. 191.

Lab-o-ro-so-ar'chod ascends the throne of Assyria,
and is killed soon after, i. 291; bad inclinations
and cruelty of that prince, ibid.

Lab'y-nit. See Balthazar, or Belshazzar.
Lab'y-rinth of Egypt; description of it, i. 101.
La-ce-de'mon, or Sparta, a city of Peloponnesus,
capital of Lacedæmonia. Lacedæmonians or
Spartans, i. 408. Kings of Lacedæmonia, í. 413.
the Heraclide seize Lacedæmon, where two
brothers, Eurysthenes and Procles, reign jointly,
ibid; the crown remains in those two families,
ibid.; the Lacedæmonians take Elos, and reduce
the inhabitants of that city to the condition of
slaves, under the name of Helots, 81; Lycurgus,
legislator of Sparta, 82; war between the Lace-
dæmonians and Argives, ibid.; first war between
the Lacedæmonians and Messenians, 83; defeat
of the Lacedæmonians near Ithoma, 84; they
take and destroy Ithoma, and grant peace to the
Messenians, 86; second war of the Lacedæmon-
ians and Messenians, ibid.; the Lacedæmon-
ians are defeated, ibid.; they demand a general of
the Athenians, who give them Tyrtæus, by pro-
fession a poet, 87; by his verses he inspires them
with courage, and occasions their gaining a great
victory, ibid.; the Lacedæmonians subject the
Messenians, and reduce them to the condition of
Helots, 88; the Lacedæmonians deliver Athens
from the tyranny of the Pisistratides, 440; they
undertake to reinstate Hippias, son of Pisistratus,
but ineffectually, 441, ii. 34; Darius sends to
Sparta to demand its submission, 37; the Spar-
tans put his heralds to death, ibid; a ridiculous
superstition prevents the Lacedæmoniaus from
VOL. IV.

30

LA

having a share in the battle of Marathon, 38; the
honour of commanding the Greeks is decreed to
them, 59; three hundred Spartans dispute the
pass of Thermopyla with Xerxes, 61; battle of
Salamin, in which the Lacedæmonians have a
great share, 66, &c.; honours which they render
Themistocles after that battle, 70; the Lacedæ-
monians, in conjunction with the Athenians,
cut the army of the Persians in pieces at the
battle of Platææ, 72, &c. ; they defeat the Persian
fleet at the same time near Mycale, 80; they are
for preventing the Athenians from rebuilding the
walls of their city, 83; the haughtiness of Pau-
sanias occasions their losing the command, 86;
they send deputies to Athens to accuse Themis-
tocles as an accomplice in the conspiracy of Pau-
sanias, 89. Earthquake at Sparta, 114; sedition
of the Helots, ibid.; seeds of division between
Sparta and Athens, 115; peace is re-established
between the two states, 116; jealousy and dif-
ferences between the Lacedæmonians and Athen-
ians, 122; treaty of peace for thirty years, 124;
new causes of complaint and dissention, ibid. ;
open rupture between Sparta and Athens, 128;
Peloponnesian war, 144, &c.; allies of the La-
cedæmonians in that war, ibid.; they ravage
Attica, 146; Lacedæmon has recourse to the
Persians, 152; its deputies are seized by the
Athenians, carried to Athens, and put to death,
ibid.; Platææ besieged and taken by the Lace-
dæmonians, 154; they abandon Attica, to retake
Pylos from the Athenians, 163; they are defeated
at sea, ibid.; they are shut up in the island of
Sphacteria, ibid.; they surrender at discretion,
165; expedition of the Lacedæmonians into
Thrace, 170; they take Amphipolis, 171; truce
of a year between Sparta and Athens, 172; vic-
tory of the Lacedæmonians over the Athenians
near Amphipolis, 173; peace between the two
states for fifty years, 174; the war renewed be-
tween Sparta and Athens, 178; the Lacedæmo-
nians give Alcibiades refuge, 189, by his advice
they send Gylippus to the aid of Syracuse, and
fortify Decelia in Attica, 193, 196; the Lacedæ-
monians conclude a treaty with Persia, 215;
their fleet is beaten by the Athenians near Cyzi
cum, 219; they appoint Lysander admiral, 222;
they beat the Athenian fleet near Ephesus, 223;
Callicratidas succeeds Lysander, 224, defeat of
the Lacedæmonians near the Arginusa, 226, &c.;
they gain a famous victory over the Athenians
near Egospotamos, 232; they take Athens, 234;
and change the form of its government, ibid. :
decree of Sparta concerning the use of the money
which Lysander caused to be carried thither,
235; base conduct of the Lacedæmonians in res-
pect to Syracuse, 374; infamous means which
they use for ridding themselves of Alcibiades, 240;
inhumanity of the Lacedæmonians to the Athen-
ians who fled to avoid the violence of the thirty
tyrants, 242, &c.; the Lacedæmonians furnish
Cyrus the younger with troops against his brother
Artaxerxes, 248; they chastise the insolence of
the inhabitants of Elis, 272; they undertake
with Agesilaus at the head of them, to reinstate
the ancient liberty of the Greeks of Asia, 275;
expeditions of the Lacedæmonians in Asia, 278;
Sparta appoints Agesilaus generalissimo by sea,
and land, 282; league against the Lacedæmon-
ians, 283; they gain a great victory near Nemæa,
284; their fleet is defeated by Conon near Cni-
dos, 285; battle gained by the Lacedæmonians
at Coronea, 286; they conclude a shameful peace
for the Greeks with the Persians, 289; they de-
clare war with the Olynthians, 424; they seize
the citadel of Thebes by fraud and violence, ibid;
they receive the Olynthians into the number of
their allies, 425; prosperity of Sparta, ibid.; the
Lacedæmonians are reduced to quit the citadel of

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La-od'i-ce, wife of Antiochus Theos, is repudiatel
by that prince, iii. 352; Antiochus takes ber
again, 356; she causes him to be poisoned, K;
and Seleucus Callinicus to be declared king a
his stead, ibid.; she causes Berenice and her sea
to be put to death, ibid.; Ptolemy puts her
death, ibid.

La-od'i-ce, daughter of Mithridates, king of Pur-
tus, marries Antiochus the Great, iii. 400.
La-od'i-ce, sister of Demetrius Soter, and widow
of Perseus, king of Macedonia, is put to death by
Ammonius, favourite of Alexander Bala, iv. 235
La-od'i-ce, widow of Ariarathes VI., acts as re-
gent during the minority of six princes, her chil
dren, iv. 303; she poisons five of them, and pre-
pares to do the same by the sixth, ibid.; she is
put to death by the people, 304,
La-od'i-ce, sister of Mithridates Eupator, marries
first Ariarathes VII., king of Cappadocia, and af-
terwards Nicomedes, king of Bithynia, iv. 304;
part which he makes her act at Rome, before the
senate, 304, 341.

La-om'e-don, one of Alexander's captains: pro
vinces which fell to him after that prince's death,
iii. 229; he is dispossessed of them by Nicanor,
who takes him prisoner, 246.

Thebes, 430; they form an ineffectual enterprise,
against the Piræus, 431; they are defeated near
Tægyra, 433; they declare war against the The-
bans ibid.; they are defeated and put to flight at
Leuctra, 436, &c.; the Thebans ravage their
country, and advance to the gates of Sparta, 438;
the Lacedæmonians implore aid of the Athen-
nians, 441; Sparta besieged by Epaminondas, ||
450; battle of Mantinea, in which the Lacedæ-
monians are defeated, 451; the Lacedæmonians
send aid to Tachos, who had revolted against
the Persians, 459; enterprise of the Lacedæmon-
ians against Megalopolis, iii. 12; they revolt
against the Macedonians, 152; they are defeated
by Antipater, 153; Alexander pardons them,
159; Sparta besieged by Pyrrhus, 341; courage
of the Spartan women during that siege, 342;
history of the Lacedæmonians in the reign of
Agis, 374; and in that of Cleomenes, 383; Spar-
ta falls into the hands of Antigonus Doson, 397;"
sedition in Sparta appeased by Philip, 412; Sparta
joins the Etolians against that prince, 416; se-
veral actions between the Lacedæmonians and
Philip, 423; Sparta joins with the Etolians in
the treaty with the Romans, 434; Machanidas
becomes tyrant of Sparta, ibid.; the Lacedæmon-
ians defeated by Philopomen near Mantinea,
447; Nabis succeeds Machanidas, 450; his cruel
treatment of the Lacedæmonians, 450, 451, iv.
40; Quintius Flamininus besieges Sparta, 42;
enterprise of the Ætolians against Sparta, 52;
that city enters into the Achæan league, 53; the
Spartans cruelly treated by their exiles, 82; the
Romans separate Sparta from the Achæan
league, 211; war between the Lacedæmonians
and the Achæans, 212; character and govern-La-thy'rus. See Ptolemy Lathyrus.
ment of Sparta, i. 417, 424, ii 332; laws institu-Laws: origin and institution of laws, i. 110; laws
ted by Lycurgus, formed upon those of Crete, i.
417, ii. 336; senate, i. 418; love of poverty, ii.
334; gold and silver money banished Sparta, i.
419; public meals, ibid.; education of children,
420, 421; barbarous cruelty in respect to them,
427; obedience to which they were accustomed,
427, ii. 383; respect which they were obliged to
have for age, i. 427; patience and fortitude of the
Lacedæmonian youth, 421; profession and ex-
ercise of the Lacedæmonian youth, 420; exces-
sive leisure in which they lived, 429; cruelty of
the Lacedæmonians in respect to the Helots,
ibid.; modesty and decency, entirely neglected
at Sparta, ibid.; common character of the La-
cedæmonians and Athenians, ii. 365; causes of
the decline of Sparta, 336; different kinds of
troops of which the Lacedæmonian armies were
composed, 358; manner in which the Lacedæ-
monians prepared for battle, ii. 61; navy of the
Lacedæmonians, i. 426.

Lach'a-res, Theban, commands a detachment of
the army of Ochus, in that prince's expedition
against Egypt, iii. 18; he forms the siege of Pelu-
sium, and takes it, ibid.

La-co'ni-a, province of Peloponnesus, i. 408.
La'de, a small island over against Miletus, ii. 32.
La'is, a famous courtezan, ii. 189.

La'ius, king of Thebes, his misfortunes, i. 413.
Lake of Maris, i. 102.

Lam'a-chus is appointed general with Nicias and
Alcibiades, in the expedition of the Athenians
against Sicily, ii. 182; his poverty makes him
contemptible to the troops, 189; he is killed at
the siege of Syracuse, 195.

La'mi-a, courtezan to Demetrius; her enormous
expenses, iii. 294; pleasantry of a comic poet in
respect to her, 295.

La'mi-a, city of Thessaly, famous for the victory
of the Athenians over Antipater, iii. 233.
Lands: distribution of them instituted by Lycurgus
at Sparta, i. 418; reflection upon that partition,

425.

La-ran'da, city of Pisidia, revolts against Perdic-
cas, iii. 241; tragical end of that city, ibid.
La-ris'sa, city of Thessaly, i. 408.
Las'the-nes, chief magistrate of Olynthus, puts that
city into the hands of Philip, iii. 46.
Las'the-nes, of Crete, supplies Demetrius Nicator
with troops for ascending the throne of Syria,iv.
235; his bad conduct makes that prince commit
many faults, 236.

of the Egyptians, 112; laws of Crete, ii. 236;
laws of Sparta, i. 417; laws of Athens, 432.
Leap'ing: an exercise among the Greeks, i. 51.
Le'gion, Roman: soldiers of which it was compos
ed, i. 222.

Le'gis-la'tors, famous ones of Antiquity; Draco, i.
430, &c. 431; Solon, ibid.; Lycurgus, 417; Cha-
rondas, ii. 141; Zaleucus, 142.

Le'lex, first king of Lacedæmonia, i. 413.
Len-tis'cus, son of Ptolemy, is taken prisoner by
Demetrius, and sent back to his father by that
prince, iii. 281.

Len-tu'lus is sent to Thebes by the Romans, to
watch over Bootia, during the war with Perseus,
iv. 157.

Len-tu'lus, consul, is ordered to reinstate Ptolemy
Auletes upon the throne, iv. 384; he is prevent-
ed from executing that commission by a pretend-
ed oracle of the Sibyls, 385.

Le'on, Corinthian, defends the citadel of Syracuse
against Icetas and the Carthaginians, ii. 417,
Le'on, Athenian, is sent deputy with Timagoras to
the court of Persia, and accuses his colleague at
his return, ii. 442, 443.

Le-o-na'tus, one of Alexander's captains: pro-
vinces that fell to him after that prince's death,
iii. 229; he marches to the aid of Antipater be-
sieged in Lamia, 233; he is killed in battle, ibid.
Le-on'i-das, governor of Alexander, iii. 78.
Le-on'i-das I., king of Sparta, defends the pass of
Thermopyla with unparalleled bravery, against
the innumerable army of Xerxes, ii. 60; he is
killed there, 61; the Lacedæmonians erect him s
magnificent monument, 62,

Le-on'i das II., reigns at Sparta jointly with Agis
iii. 374; he opposes the design of that prince, 377;
he is divested of the sovereignty, 378; he escapes
to Tegæa, ibid. ; he is recalled and replaced upon
the throne, 380; he lays snares for Agis, K;
and puts him to death, 382; he obliges the wie
of that prince to marry his son Cleomenes, ;
death of Leonidas, 384; his character, 374.

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