talus his nephew, 203; war between Attalus and Prusias, ibid.; death of Attalus, 244. At'ta-lus III. surnamed Philometer, goes to Rome, and why, iv. 204; he ascends the throne of Cap padocia, after the death of his uncle, and causes him to be much regretted by his vices, 245; he dies, and by his will leaves his dominions to the Roman people, ibid.
At'ta-lus, Syracusan, discovers the intelligence held by Marcellus in Syracuse to Epicydes, iv. 329. At'ta-lus, Philip's lieutenant, is sent by that prince into Asia Minor, iii. 69; marriage of his niece Cleopatra with Philip, ibid.; Alexander's quarrel with Attalus in the midst of the feast, ibid.; Al- exander causes him to be assassinated, 83. At'ti-ca, divided by Cecrops into twelve cantons, i. 412.-See Athens.
A-ty'a-des, descendants of Atys, i. 299.
A'tys, son of Cræsus; good qualities of that prince, i. 304; his death, ibid.
Au'gurs: puerilities of that science, i. 36. Au-gus'tus.-See Cæsar Augustus. Au'ra, name of Phidola's mare, i. 57. Au-toph-ra-da'tes, governor of Lydia for Artax- erxes Mnemon, is charged by that prince with the war against Datames, ii. 300; he is defeated, and retires into his government, 300, 301; he joins with the provinces of Asia in their revolt against Artaxerxes, 461.
Ax-i'o-chus, Athenian, takes upon him the defence of the generals condemned to die after the battle of Arginusæ, ii. 229.
Ax-i-the'a, wife of Nicocles, kills herself, iii. 269. A-za-ri'as, one of the three Hebrews miraculously preserved in the midst of the flames, i. 289. A-zo'tus, a city of Palestine, i. 140.
Ba'bel, description of that tower, i. 278. Bab'y-lon. Bab-y-lo'nians. Foundation of the city of Babylon, i. 271; description of that city, 275; kings of Babylon, 284; duration of its empire, 292, 342; siege and taking of that city by Cyrus, 342; it revolts against Darius, ii. 15; that prince reduces it to obedience, 17; Alexander makes himself master of Babylon, iii. 140, 141; destruc- tion of Babylon foretold in several parts of the Scripture, i. 336; curse pronounced against that city, 343; the Babylonians laid the first founda- tions of astronomy, 392.
Bac'chi-das, eunuch of Mithridates, iv. 360. Bac'chis, governor of Mesopotamia under Antio- chus Epiphanes and Demetrius Soter, is defeated in many engagements by Judas Maccabeus, iv.
Bac'chis, whose descendants reigned at Corinth, i. 414.
Bac'chus, feasts instituted at Athens in honour of him, i. 32.
Bac-chil'i-des, Greek poet, ii. 135. Bac-tri-a'na, province of upper Asia, i. 27. Ba-go'as, eunuch of Ochus, commands a detach- ment during that prince's expedition against Egypt, iii. 18; he poisons Ochus, 19; he places Arses upon the throne of Persia, 20; he causes that prince to be put to death, and places Darius Codomanus upon the throne in his stead, ibid.; he falls into the hands of Alexander, 154; he gains the ascendant of that prince, ibid.; by his intrigues he causes Orsines to be put to death, 199, &c.
Ba-goph'a-nes, governor of the citadel of Babylon, surrenders to Alexander, iii. 141.
Ba-gor'a-zus, a eunuch of Artaxerxes, is put to death by order of Xerxes, ii. 167. Bala. See Alexander Bala.
Bal-e-a'res, islands: why so called, i. 166. Bal-tha'zar, or Belshazzar, king of Babylon, also called Labynit, or Nabonid, i. 291; he is besieged in Babylon by Cyrus, 340; he gives a great feast to his whole court: that same night the city is taken, ibid.; he is killed in his palace, 342; his death foretold in Scripture, 340.
Bar'ca, See Hamilcar, surnamed Barca. Bar-si'na, wife of Alexander, iii. 228; Polysper- chon puts her to death, 274.
Bas'ket procession of the basket at Athens, i. 34, 35.
Bas'tards: law of Athens against them, ii. 153. Bas-tar'næ, people of Sarmatia in Europe: their character, iv. 147.
Bat-tal'ion, sacred of the Thebans, ii. 433. Bat'tles and combats celebrated in ancient history. Near the coasts of Myle, i. 187; near Ecnomus, 188; of Ticinus 213; of Trebia, 215; of Thra- symene, 217; of Cannæ, 221; of Zama, 233; of Thymbria, 326; of Marathon, ii. 38; of Ther- mopyla, 59; of Artemisium, 63; of Salamin, 66 of Plateæ, 72; of Mycale, 80; of the river Eurymedon, 103; of Arginusa, 226; of Ægos- potamos, 232; of Cunaxa, 250; of Leuctra, 436; &c.; of Mantinea, 451, &c.; of Cheronea, iii. 64; of the Granicus, 90; of Issus, 100; of Arbela, 137, &c.; of the Hydaspes, 183; of Ipsus, 295; of Selasia, 393; of Raphia, 407; of Caphyia, 412; of Elis, 435; of Octolophos, iv. 16; of Cy- nocephale, 28; of Thermopylæ, 59; of Mount Corychus, 62; of Elea, 63; of Myonesus, 65; of Magnesia, 68; of Emmaus, 138; of Bethsura, 139; of the river Peneas, 159; of Pidna, 180; of Leucopetra, 214; of Carea, 289; of Cabira, 359; of Arsamia, 369; of Actium, 403.
Bee, name given Sophocles, i. 64.
Bel, a divinity adored by the Assyrians; temple erected in honour of him, i. 278.
Bel'e-sis, king of Babylon. See Nabonassar. Bel'gi-us at the head of the Gauls, makes an ir- ruption into Macedonia, iii. 321; he defeats Ce- raunus, 322; and is in turn defeated himself, ibid.
Be'lus, name given to Amenophis, i. 131; and to Nimrod, 272.
Be'lus, the Assyrian, i. 272. Ber-e-ni'ce, wife of Ptolemy Soter, iii. 300; influ- ence of that princess over her husband, 300, 307, 310. Ber-e-ni'ce, daughter of Ptolemy Philadelphus, marries Antiochus Theos, iii. 353; Antiochus repudiates her, 356; Laodice causes her to be put to death, 357.
Ber-e-ni'ce, wife of Ptolemy Evergetes, iii. 358; Ptolemy Philopator causes her to be put to death, iii. 405; Berenice's hair, 358. Ber-e-ni'ce, daughter of Ptolemy Lathyrus. See Cleopatra.
Ber-e-ni'ce, daughter of Ptolemy Auletes, reigns in Egypt during her father's absence, iv. 384, she marries Seleucus Cybiosactes, and then causes him to be put to death, 387; she marries Arche- laus, ibid.; Ptolemy puts her to death, 388. Ber-e-ni'ce, wife of Mithridates, iv. 360; unhappy death of that princess, ibid. Be-ro'sus, historian, iii. 349. Bes'sus, chief of the Bactrians, betrays Darius, and puts him in chains, iii. 148 he assassinates that prince, ibid.; he is seized and delivered up to Alexander, 162; that prince causes him to be ex- ecuted, 167.
Bes'ti-a, (Calpurnius,) is sent by the Romans against Jugurtha, i. 267; his conduct in the war. ibid.
Be-thu'li-a, city of Israel: siege of that city by Holophernes, i. 296.
Bi'as, one of the seven sages of Grecce, i, 448.
Bib'i-us, commander in Etolia for the Romans, iv. 198; his conduct in that province, ibid. Bib'los, city of the isle of Prosopitis, ii. 166. Bib'u-lus (M. Calpurnius,) is appointed by the Romans to command in Syria after the defeat of Crassus by the Parthians, iv. 298; his incapacity, ibid.
Bi-sal'tæ, people of Thrace: valiant action of one of their kings, ii. 60.
Bi-thyn i-a, province of Asia Minor, i. 28; kings of Bithynia, 92; Mithridates possesses himself of it, iv. 344; it is reduced into a province of the Roman empire, 262, 356.
Bit'on, and Cle'o-bis, Argives, models of fraternal friendship, i. 302.
Boc'chus, king of Mauritania, Jugurtha's father-
in-law, i. 268; he delivers up his son to the Ro- mans, ibid.
Bo'o-tarch, principal magistrate of Thebes, ii. 428. Bo-o'tia, part of Greece, i. 408.
Bo o'tians. See Thebans.
Bo'ti-ca, part of Old Spain, i. 167.
Bo'ges, governor of Eione for the king of Persia, ii. 101; his excess of bravery, ibid.
Bo'lis, (a Cretan,) his stratagem and treason to Achæus, iii. 409.
Bo-mil-car, Carthaginian general, makes himself tyrant of Carthage, i. 183; he is put to death, ibid. Bos'pho-rus, Cim-me'ri-an, country subject to Mi- thridates, iv. 377.
Bos'tar, commander of the Carthaginians in Sar- dinia, is murdered by the mercenaries, i. 202. Brach'mans, Indian philosophers, iii. 187; their opinions, employments, and manner of living, 187, 188.
Bran'chi-dæ, family of Miletus, settled by Xerxes in Upper Asia, and destroyed by Alexander the Great, iii. 162.
Bras'i-das, Lacedæmonian general, distinguishes himself at the siege of Pylus, ii. 163; his expe- ditions into Thrace, 170; he takes Amphipolis, 171; he defends that place against Cleon, and re- ceives a wound of which he dies, 173. Bren'nus, general of the Gauls, makes an irruption into Pannonia, iii. 321; Macedonia, and Greece, 322; he perishes in the last enterprise, 323. Bru'chi-on, quarter of the city of Alexandria, iv.
Bu-ce-pha'li-a, city built by Alexander, iii. 81. Bu-ce-ph'a-lus, war-horse, backed by Alexander, iii. 81; wonders related of that horse, ibid. Bu'ri-al of the dead in the earth, i. 399; burial of kings among the Scythians, ii. 18; care of the an- cients to procure burial for the dead, ii. 227. Burn'ing-glass, by means of which Archimedes is said to have burnt the Roman fleet, iv. 329. Bu-si'ris, king of Egypt, i. 129. Bu-si'ris, brother of Amenophis, infamous for his cruelty, i. 134.
Byb'los, city of Phoenicia, iii. 109.
Byr'sa, name of the citadel of Carthage, i. 254. Bys'sus, Egyptian plant; description, &c., 1. 125. By-zan'ti-um, a city of Thrace, delivered by the Greeks from the power of the Persians, ii. 86; it submits to the Athenians, 219; siege of Byzanti- um by Philip, iii. 57; war between the Byzan- tines and Rhodians, 404.
taxerxes, ii. 297; Tiribasus makes them reara to their duty, ibid.
Cad'y-tis, a name given to the city of Jerusalem by Herodotus, i. 142.
Ce-les'tis, U-ri-a'na, or the Moon, goddess of the Carthaginians, i. 150.
Ca'sar (Julius,) his power at Rome, iv. 372; he re- stores Ptolemy Auletes, 388; he goes to Egypt in hopes of finding Pompey there, 300; he makes himself judge between Ptolemy and his sister Cleopatra, ibid.; his passion for that princes, 391, 394; battles between his troops and the Alexan drians, 391; he gives the crown of Egypt to Cleo patra and Ptolemy, 394; he confirms the Jews in their privileges, 280, 395; he gains a victory over Pharnaces, and drives him out of the kingdom of Pontus, 395; he is killed soon after, ibid.
Cæsar Oc-ta'vi-us, afterwards named Augustus, joins with Antony and Lepidus to avenge Cz- sar's death, iv. 395; he quarrels with Antony, 399; he gains a great victory over him at the battle of Actium, 403; he goes to Egypt, 485; he besieges Alexandria, 406; interview of Casar and Cleopatra, 408; he is deceived by that princess, whom he was in hopes of deceiving, 409. Ca-sa'ri-o, son of Julius Casar and Cleopatra, iv. 394; he is proclaimed king of Egypt jointly with his mother, 400.
Ca-i'na, a city of Pontus, taken from Mithridates by Pompey, iv. 378.
Ca i'ro, its famous castle in Egypt, i. 98. Ca-la'nus, Indian philosopher, comes to the court of Alexander the Great, iii. 189; he dies volunta- rily upon a funeral pile, 199, &c.
Cal-ci-da'us, in the name of the Lacedemonians, concludes a treaty with Tissaphernes, ü. 212. Callas, son of Harpalus, officer in Alexander's Cal-li'as of Athens is cited before the judges upon army, iii. 88. account of Aristides, ii. 92; he is appointed ple nipotentiary for Athens to Artaxerxes, 116. Cal-lib'i-us, a Spartan, is appointed governor of the Cal-lic'ra-tes, a Spartan, kills Epaminondas in the citadel of Athens, ii, 234. battle of Mantinea, ii. 452.
Cal-lic'ra-tes, deputed by the Arbæans to Rome, betrays them, iv. 100; he prevents the Achans from aiding the two brothers Ptolemies, against Antiochus, 128, 129; he impeaches all the Acha ans, who seemed to favour Perseus, to the Ro- Cal-li-crat'i-das succeeds Lysander in the com- mans, 199. mand of the Lacedæmonian fleet, il. 224; he goes to the court of Cyrus the younger, 225; be is defeated near the islands Arginuse, and killed in the battle, 226.
Cal-lini'a-chus, polemarch at Athens, joins the par ty of Miltiades, ii. 39.
Cal-lim'a-chus, governor of Amisus for Mithrida- tes, defends that city against Lucullus, and then sets it on fire, iv. 361.
Cal-lip'us, an Athenian, assassinates Dion, and seizes the tyranny of Syracuse, ii. 4.0, &c.; he is soon after assassinated himself, ibid. Cal-lis'the-nes, a philosopher in the train of Alex- ander, iii. 174; that prince causes him to be put to death, 176; character of that philosopher, ibid. Cal-lix'e-nes, Athenian orator, accuses the Athen- ian generals falsely in the senate. ii. 228; he is punished soon after, 229.
Ca-bi'ræ, a city of Asia, famous for the victory of Cal-vi'nus, (Domitius) commands in Asia for Ca- Lucullus over Mithridates, iv. 359.
Ca'diz, a city of Spain, i. 167.
Cad'mus, Phoenician, seizes Bootia, and builds Thebes there, i. 413; he introduced the use of letters into Greece, i. 134.
Ca-du'si-ans, people of Assyria; they submit to Cy- rus, i. 323; revolt of the Cadusians against Ar-
Ca lum'ni-a-tors, or false accusers, punishment of them in Egypt, i. 112; law of Charondas against them, ii. 141.
Cam-bi'lus, a general in the service of Antiochus, betrays Achæus, and delivers him up to that prince, iii. 409, 410.
CA Cam-by'ses, father of Cyrus, king of Persia, i. 298, 310. Cam-by'ses, son of Cyrus, ascends the throne of Persia, i. 360; he enters Egypt with an army, 361; and becomes master of it, ibid.; his rage against the body of Amasis, 361, 362; his expedition against Ethiopia, 362; on his return he plunders the temples of the city of Thebes, 363; he kills the god Apis, ibid. ; he puts his brother Smerdis to death, ibid.; he kills Meroe, his sister and wife, 364; he prepares to march against Smerdis the Magian, who had usurped the throne, 366; he dies of a wound which he gives himself in the thigh, ibid.; character of that prince, 405. Cam-i-sa'res, a Carian, governor of Leuco-Syria, perishes in the expedition of Artaxerxes against the Cadusians, ii. 298.
Ca'na-an-ites, their origin, i. 129. Can-dau'les, king of Lydia, i. 299. Can'di-a, island. See Crete.
Ca-nid'i-us, Antony's lieutenant, iv. 404. Can'næ, a city of Apulia, famous for Hannibal's victory over the Romans, i. 222.
Ca'phis, a Phocæan, Sylla's friend, is sent by that general to Delphos, to receive the treasures of it, Iv. 346; religious terror of Caphis, ibid. Ca-phy'ia, a city of Peloponnesus, known by the defeat of Aratus, iii. 412.
Cap-pa-do'ci-a, a province of Asia Minor, i. 28; kings of Cappadocia, 93; it is reduced into a Ro- man province, iv. 301, 307.
Cap'u-a, a city of Italy, abandons the Romans and submits to Hannibal, i. 225; it is besieged by the Romans, 227; the tragical end of its principal in- habitants, 228.
Car'a-nus, the first king of Macedonia, i. 414. Car'bo, oppressions committed by him at Rome, iv. 351.
Car'di-a, a city of the Chersonesus, iii. 51. Ca'ri-a, a province of Asia Minor, i. 28. Car-i-de'mus of Orea, is banished Athens, jji. 85; he is prosecuted by Alexander, and retires to Da- rius Codomanus, ibid.; his sincerity occasions his death, 98.
Car-ma'ni-a, a province of Persia, iii. 197. Car-ne'a-dus, a philosopher, his embassy to Rome, iv. 205.
Car'ræ, Crassus defeated near it, iv. 296. Car'thage, Car-tha-gin'i-ans. Foundation of Car- thage, i. 163; its augmentation, 165; conquests of the Carthaginians in Africa, ibid.; in Sardinia, 166; they possess themselves of the Balearic isles, ibid.; in Spain, 167; they land in Spain, 168; and in Sicily, 169; first treaty between Rome and Carthage, ibid.; the Carthaginians make an alliance with Xerxes, ibid., ii. 50; they are de- feated in Sicily by Gelon, i. 170, ii. 131; they take several places in Sicily under Hannibal, i. 171, and Imilcon, 172; they make a treaty with Dionysius, ii. 273; war between the Cartha- ginians and Dionysius, i. 173, ii. 278; they be- siege Syracuse, i. 174, 380; they are defeated by Dionysir ibid., ii. 382: the plague rages in Carthage, i. 176; second treaty between the Ro- mans and Carthaginians, ibid.; the Carthagini- ans endeavour to seize Sicily after the establish- ment of Dionysius the younger, ibid., ii. 414; they are defeated by Timoleon, i. 177, ii. 420; war of the Carthaginians with Agathocles, at first in Sicily, i. 179, and afterwards in Africa, ibid.; they sustain aw in Sicily against Pyrrhus, i. 184, iii. 337; the Carthaginians are called in to aid the Mamertines, who give them possession of their citadel, i. 186; they are driven out of it by the Romans, ibid.; they send a numerous army into Sicily, 187; they lose a battle, which is fol- lowed by the taking of Agrigentum, their place of arms, ibid.; they are beaten at sea, first near the coast of Myle, 188, and afterwards near Ec- 29
nome, ibid.; they sustain the war against Regu- lus in Africa, 189; punishment inflicted by them upon that general, 193; they lose a battle at sea in sight of Sicily, ibid.; ardour of the Carthagin- ians in defence of Lilybæum, 194; their fleet is entirely defeated near the islands Ægates, 196; they make a treaty of peace with the Romans, which terminates this war, ibid.; war of the Carthaginians with the mercenaries, 197; the Carthaginians are obliged to abandon Sardinia to the Romans, i. 203; they besiege and take Sa- guntum, 207; war between the two states, ibid.; the Carthaginians pass the Rhone, 209; then the Alps, 211; their entrance into Italy, 213; they gain several victories over the Romans near the Ticinus, ibid., &c. ; near Trebia, 215; near Thra- symenus, 217; they lose several battles in Spain, 221; they gain a famous victory over the Ro- mans at Cannæ, ibid.; bad success of the Car- thaginians, 226, 227, 229, 230; they are attacked in Africa by the Romans, 231; they recall Hanni- bal from Italy, ibid.; they are entirely defeated at Zama, 233; they demand peace of the Romans, and obtain it, 234; differences between the Car- thaginians and Masinissa, 244; third war of the Carthaginians and Romans, 248; Carthage sends deputies to Rome to declare that it submits to the discretion of the Romans, 249; the latter or- der the Carthaginians to abandon their city, 251; the Carthaginians resolve to defend themselves, 252; the Romans besiege Carthage, 253; it is taken by Scipio, 258; it is rebuilt by Cæsar, 259; the Saracens destroy it entirely, 260; Carthage formed upon the model of Tyre, i. 149; religion of the Carthaginians, 150; their barbarous wor- ship of Saturn, 151, 152; government of the Car- thaginiaus, 153; suffetes, ibid.; senate, 154; peo- ple, ibid.; tribunal of the hundred, ibid.; defects in the government of Carthage, 155; the courts of justice and the finances reformed by Hannibal, 237; wise custom of the Carthaginians in send- ing colonies into different countries, 156; com- merce of Carthage, the principal source of its riches and power, ibid.; discovery of the gold and silver mines in Spain by the Carthaginians, second source of the riches and power of Car- thage, 157; military power of Carthage, 158; arts and sciences in little esteem there, 160; charac- ters, manners, and qualities of the Carthaginians, 162.
Car-tha-ge'na, city of Spain, i. 204. Car-tha'lo, commander of the auxiliary troops of the Carthaginians, declared guilty of treason, and why, i. 248. Cas-san'der, general of the Thracians and Pæo- nians, in the army of Alexander, iii. 88. Cas-san'der, son of Antipater, iii. 210; provinces which fell to him after Alexander's death, 229; he puts Demades and his son to death, 247; he is associated with Polysperchon in the regency of the kingdom of Macedonia, ibid.; he takes Athens, 253; and establishes Demetrius Phale- reus in the government of it, ibid.; he puts Olym- pias to death, 258; he confines Roxana, the wife of Alexander, with Alexander her son, in the castle of Amphipolis, 259; he reinstates the city of Thebes, ibid.; he enters into the league formed against Antigonus, 267; he concludes a treaty with him and breaks it immediately, 268; he puts to death the young king Alexander, with his mo- ther Roxana, 273; he besieges Athens, of which Demetrius Poliorcetes had made himself master, 293; the latter obliges him to raise the siege, and defeats him near Thermopylæ, ibid.; Cassander concludes a league against Antigonus and De- metrius, 295; after the battle of Jpsus he divides the empire of Alexander with three other princes, 296; death of Cassander, 299. Cas-san'der, Macedonian, by Philip's order massa-
cres the inhabitants of Maronæ, iv. 93; that prince causes him to be put to death, ibid. Cas'si-us, (Lucius,) Roman general, is defeated by Mithridates, iv. 344.
Cas'si-us, quæstor in the army of Crassus in the war with the Parthians, iv. 287; he puts himself at the head of the remains of that army, and pre- vents the Parthians from seizing Syria, 298; he forms a conspiracy against Caesar, 395; he is en- tirely defeated by Antony, ibid.
Cat, veneration of the Egyptians for that animal, i. 361, iv. 388.
Cat'a-racts of the Nile, i. 103.
Cha'ron, Theban, receives Pelopidas and the cum- spirators into his house, ii. 427; he is elected Bootarch, 430.
Cha-ron'das is chosen legislator at Thurium, ii. 14; he kills himself upon having broken one of his own laws, 142.
Chase, or hunting, exercises much used among the ancients, ii. 353.
Che-an-i'da, wife of Cleombrotus, iii. 380; her tenderness for her husband, ibid.
Chel-i-don'i-da, daughter of Leotychides, and wife of Cleonymus, iii. 341; her passion for Acrota- tes, ibid.
Che'ops and Ce-pbre'nus, kings of Egypt, and bro- thers, equally inhuman and impious, i. 135. Chi'lo, one of the seven sages of Greece, i. 448. Chi'lo, Lacedæmonian, attempts to ascend the throne of Sparta, but ineffectually, iii. 417.
Ca'to, (M. Portius,) surnamed the Censor, serves as lieutenant general under the consul Acilius, iv. 59; his valour at the pass of Thermopylæ, ibid.; he speaks in favour of the Rhodians in the se- nate, 196; he obtains the return of the exiles for the Achæans, 201; his conduct in respect to Car-Chi'o, neades, and the other Athenian ambassadors, 205; he is appointed by the commonwealth to de- || pose Ptolemy king of Cyprus, and to confiscate his treasures, 269.
Ca'to, son of the former, acts prodigies of valour,|| at the battle of Pydna, iv. 183.
Ca'to, tribune of the people, opposes the re-esta- blishment of Ptolemy, iv. 384, &c. Cay-tha'ans, people of India, subjected by Alexan- der, iii. 187.
Ceb-a-li'nus discovers the conspiracy of Dymnus against Alexander, iii. 157.
Ce'crops, founder of Athens, i. 412; he institutes the Areopagus, ibid.
Ce-le'næ, city of Phrygia, famous for the river Mar- syas, iii. 94.
Cen-de-ba'us, general of Antiochus Sidetes, is de- feated in Jerusalem by Judas and John, iv. 242. Cen-so-ri'nus, (L. Marcus), consul, marches against Carthage, i. 249; he notifies the senate's orders to that city, 251; he forms the siege of Carthage, 253.
Ce-ram'i-cus, suburb of Athens, i. 35. Cer'a-sus, a city of Cappadocia, famous for its cherries, ii. 265, iv. 373.
Ce'res, goddess; Feasts instituted in honour of her at Athens, i. 33.
Ces'tus, offensive arms of the Athletæ, i. 49. Cha'bri-as, Athenian, without orders of the com- monwealth, accepts the command of the auxili- ary troops of Greece, in the pay of Achoris, ii. 457; he is recalled by the Athenians, ibid.; he serves Tachos again without the consent of his republic, 459; the Athenians employ him in the war against their allies, iii. 8; he dies at the siege of Chio, 9; praise of Chabrias, ibid. Che're-phon, disciple of Socrates, ii. 306. Cha-ro-næ'a, city of Breotia, famous for Philip's victory over the Athenians and Thebans, and for that of Sylla over the generals of Mithridates, iii. 64.
Chal-ci-oi'cos, a temple of Minerva at Sparta, iii.
Chal'cis, city of Ætolia, ii. 180.
Chal-da'ans, addicted to the study of judicial as- trology, i. 393; the sect of Sabaans formed of them, 397.
Cha'res, one of the generals of the Athenians in the war with the allies, iii. 9; his weak capacity, 56; he writes to Athens against his two colleagues, 10; he suffers himself to be corrupted by Arta- bazus, 7, 10; he is recalled to Athens, 10; he is sent to the aid of the Chersonesus, 56; the cities refuse to open their gates to him, 57; he is de- feated at Charonæa by Philip, 65.
Cha'res, of Lindus, makes the col ssus of Rhodes, iii. 291.
Cha-ri-la'us made king of Sparta by Lycurgus, i.
Cha'ron, his boat; origin of that fable, i. 119.
island of Greece, extolled for its excellent wine, i. 409. Chi-ris-o'phus, Lacedæmonian, is chosen general by the troops that made the retreat of the Ten Thousand, ii. 261.
Chle'ne-as, deputy from the Etolians to Sparta, to persuade that city to enter into the treaty con- cluded with the Romans, in. 433.
Cho-as'pes, river of Babylonia, famous for the goodness of its waters, 142.
Cha'nix, measure of corn among (ancients, fi 163.
Chry-san'thes, commander in th the battle of Thymbria, i. 32. Chy-na-la-da'nus.-See Syracuse. Cic'e-ro, (M. Tullius,) his military exploits
ria, iv. 298; he refuses a triumph, 299; by his fluence he causes Pompey to be appointed gene- ral against Mithridates, iv. 372; his counsel to Lentulus upon reinstating Ptolemy Auletes, 386; he discovers the tomb of Archimedes, 334; pa- rallel between Cicero and Demosthenes, iii. 237. Ci-lic'i-a, province of Asia Minor, i. 28. Cil'les, Ptolemy's lieutenant, loses a battle against Demetrius, who takes him prisoner, iii. 271. Cim-me'ri-ans, people of Scythia; they are driven out of their country and go to Asia, i. 300; Haly- artes, king of Lydia, obliges them to quit it, ibid. Ci'mon, son of Miltiades, when very young, sig- nalizes himself by his piety to his father, u. 43; he encourages the Athenians by his example to abandon their city and to embark, 65; he dis- tinguishes himself at the battle of Salamin, 70; he commands the fleet sent by the Greeks to de- liver the allies from the Persian yoke, in con- junction with Aristides, 86; the Athenians place Cimon at the head of their armies after Themis- tocles retires, 100; he makes several conquests in Thrace, and settles a colony there, 101; be makes himself master of the isle of Scyros, where he finds the bones of Theseus, which he brings to Athens, ibid.; his conduct in the division of the booty with the allies, 102; Cimon gains two victories over the Persians near the river Eury- medon, in one day, 103; worthy use which be makes of the riches taken from the enemy, 104; he makes new conquests in Thrace, ibid.; he marches to the aid of the Laceda monians at- tacked by the helots, 114; he is banished by the Athenians, 115; he quits his retreat, and repairs to his tribe to fight the Lacedæmonians, ibid.; he is recalled from banishment, ibid.; be re-esta- blishes peace between Athens and Sparta, 116; he gains many victories which oblige the Persians to conclude a treaty highly glorious for the Greeks, ibid.; he dies during the conclusion of the treaty, ibid.; character and eulogy of Cimon,
Cin'e-as,Thessalian, famous orator, courtier of Pyr rhus, iii. 327; his conversation with that prince, ibid.; Pyrrhus sends him ambassador to Rome
331; his conduct during his stay there, 332; idea which he gives Pyrrhus of the Roman senate, ibid.
Cin'na, his oppressions and cruelties at Rome, iv. 351.
Ci'os, city of Bithynia. Philip's cruel treatment of the inhabitants of that city, iv. 9. Clau'di-us (Appius.)-See Appius.
Clau'di-us (Cento) Roman officer, sent by Sulpitius to the aid of Athens, iv. 13; he ravages the city of Chalcis, ibid.
Clau'di-us (C.) sent by the Romans into Achaia; || his conduct in respect to that people, iv. 199. Cla-zom'e-næ, a city of Ionia, i. 415. Cle'a-des, Theban, endeavours to excuse the rebel- lion of his country to Alexander, iii. 84. Cle-an'der, Alexander's lieutenant in Media, assas- sinates Parmenio by his order, iii. 161. Cle-ar'chus, Lacedæmonian captain, takes refuge with Cyrus the younger, ii. 247; he is placed at the head of the Greek troops in that prince's expedi- tion against his brother Artaxerxes, 248; he is vic- torious on his side at the battle of Cunaxa, 252; he commands the Greek troops in their retreat! after the battle, 256, he is seized by treachery and sent to Artaxerxes, who causes him to be pui to death, 259; praise of Clearchus, ibid. Cle'o-bis and Bi'ton, brothers, models of fraternal affection, i. 302.
Cle-o-bu'lus, one of the seven sages of Greece, i. 448.
Cle-o'cri-tus of Corinth, appeases the dispute be-
tween the Athenians and Lacedæmoniaus, after the battle of Platææ, ii. 77.
Cle-om'bro-tus, king of Sparta, marches against the Thebans, ii. 435; he is killed at the battle of Leuctra, 436.
Cle-om'bro-tus, son-in-law of Leonidas, causes himself to be elected king of Sparta, to the pre- judice of his father-in-law, iii. 378; he is de- throned soon after by Leonidas, 380, and banished from Sparta, 381.
Cle-om'e-nes, governor of Egypt for Alexander, iii.
Cle-om'e-nes, king of Sparta, refuses to join the Ionians in their revolt against the Persians, ii. 30; he marches against the people of Ægina, 37; he effects the expulsion of his colleague Demara- tus from the throne, ibid.; he reduces the people of Ægina, and dies soon after, ibid. Cle-om'e-nes, son of Leonidas, marries Agiatis, iii. 383; he ascends the throne of Sparta, 384; he en- ters into a war with the Achæans, ibid.; he gains many advantages over them, ibid.; he reforms the government of Sparta, and re-establishes the an- cient discipline, 385; he gains new advantages over the Acha ans, 386, 389; he sends his mother and children as hostages into Egypt, 390; he takes Megalopolis by surprise, 391; he is defeated at Selasia by Antigonus king of Macedonia, 395; he retires into Egypt, 396; Ptolemy's reception of him, 397; he cannot obtain permission to return into his own country, 413; unfortunate death of Cleomenes, 414; his character, 383, 397. Cle'on, Athenian, his extraction, ii. 146; by his influ- ence with the people, he prevents the conclusion of a peace between Sparta and Athens, 164; he reduces the Lacedæmonians, shut up in the island of Sphacteria, 165; he marches against Brasidas, and advances to the walls of Amphipolis, 173; surprised by Brasidas, he flies, and is killed by a soldier, ibid.
Cle'on, flatterer in Alexander's court, endeavours to persuade the Macedonians to prostrate them- selves before that prince, iii. 174. Cle-on'is, commands the troops of the Messenians in the first war with Sparta, i. 83; after the bat- tle of Ithoma, he disputes the prize of valour with Aristomenes 84; he afterwards disputes the
Cle-on'y-mus, Spartan, being disappointed of the throne, retires to Pyrrhus, and engages him to march against Sparta, iii. 340; history of this Cleonymus, ibid.
Cle-o-pa'tra, neice of Attalus, marries Philip, king of Macedonia, iii. 69.
Cle-o-pa'tra, Philip's daughter, is married to Alex- ander, king of Epirus, iii. 70; Antigonus causes her to be put to death, 274.
Cle-o-pa'tra, daughter of Antiochus the Great, is promised and then given in marriage to Ptolemy Epiphanes, iv. 21, 47; after her husband's death she is declared regent of the kingdom, and her son's guardian, 103; death of that princess, 122. Cle-o-pa'tra, the daughter of Ptolemy Epiphanes, makes an accommodation between her brothers Philomieter and Evergetes, iv. 128; after the death of Philometer her husband, she marries Physcon, 236; that prince puts her away to marry one of her daughters, 250; the Alexandrians place her upon the throne in Physcon's stead, ibid.; she is obliged to take refuge in Syria, 251. Cle-o-pa'ra, daughter of Ptolemy Philometer, is mariied to Alexander Bala, iv. 234; her father takes her from Alexander, and marries her to Demetrius, 235; while her husband is kept pri- soner by the Parthians, she marries Antiochus Sidetes, 241; after the death of Sidetes, she re- turns to Demetrius, 251; she causes the gates of Ptolemais to be shut against him, ibid.; she kills Seleucus her eldest son, 252: she dies of poison, which she would have given her second son Grypus, 253.
Cle-o-pa'tra, Philometer's daughter, marries Phys- con, iv. 236; after her husband's death, she reigns in Egypt with her son Lathyrus, whom she first obliges to repudiate his eldest sister Cleopatra, and to marry his youngest sister Selena, 254; she gives her son Alexander the kingdom of Cyprus, 255; she takes his wife Selena from Lathyrus, drives him out of Egypt, and sets his younger brother Alexander upon the throne, 257, 258; she aids this prince against his brother, ibid.; she mar- ries Selena to Antiochus Grypus, 259; Alexander causes her to be put to death, 261. Cle-o-pa'tra, Physcon's daughter, and wife of La- thyrus, is repudiated by her husband, iv. 254; she gives herself to Antiochus the Cyzicenian, ibid.; Tryphena, her sister, causes her to be mur- dered, 255.
Cle-o pa'tra, daughter of Lathyrus-See Berenice. Cle-o-pa'tra, daughter of Ptolemy Auletes, ascends the throne of Egypt in conjunction with her eld- est brother, iv. 388; she is dethroned by the young king's guardians, 389; she raises troops to rein- state herself, ibid.; she goes to Cæsar, and her ob- ject, 391; he establishes, her on the throne of Egypt jointly with her brother, 394; she puts her brother to death, and reigns alone in Egypt, 395; after Cæsar's death, she declares for the trium- virs, ibid.; she goes to Antony at Tarsus, 396; gets the ascendant of him, ibid.; she carries him to Alexandria, 397; her jealousy of Octavia, 399; coronation of Cleopatra and her children, 400; she accompanies Antony in his expeditions, 401; the Romans declare war against her, 402; she flies at the battle of Actium, and returns to Alex- andria, 404; she endeavours to gain Augustus, and designs to sacrifice Antony to him, ibid.; she retires into the tombs of the kings of Egypt, to avoid Antony's fury, 406; he expires in her arms, 407; she obtains permission from Cæsar to bury Antony, 408; she has a conversation with Cæsar, ibid.; to avoid being led in Cæsar's triumph, she dies by the bite of an aspic, 409; character of Cleopatra, 396, 406, 409; her arts to keep Antony in her chains, 399; the taste she retained for po
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