CA

Bib'i-us, commander in Etolia for the Romans,
iv. 198; his conduct in that province, ibid.
Bib'los, city of the isle of Prosopitis, ii. 166.
Bib'u-lus (M. Calpurnius,) is appointed by the
Romans to command in Syria after the defeat of
Crassus by the Parthians, iv. 298; his incapacity,
ibid.

Bi-sal'tæ, people of Thrace: valiant action of one
of their kings, ii. 60.

Bi-thyn i-a, province of Asia Minor, i. 28; kings
of Bithynia, 92; Mithridates possesses himself
of it, iv. 344; it is reduced into a province of the
Roman empire, 262, 356.

Bit'on, and Cle'o-bis, Argives, models of fraternal
friendship, i. 302.

Boc'chus, king of Mauritania, Jugurtha's father-

in-law, i. 268; he delivers up his son to the Ro-
mans, ibid.

Bo'o-tarch, principal magistrate of Thebes, ii. 428.
Bo-o'tia, part of Greece, i. 408.

Bo o'tians. See Thebans.

Bo'ti-ca, part of Old Spain, i. 167.

Bo'ges, governor of Eione for the king of Persia, ii.
101; his excess of bravery, ibid.

Bo'lis, (a Cretan,) his stratagem and treason to
Achæus, iii. 409.

Bo-mil-car, Carthaginian general, makes himself
tyrant of Carthage, i. 183; he is put to death, ibid.
Bos'pho-rus, Cim-me'ri-an, country subject to Mi-
thridates, iv. 377.

Bos'tar, commander of the Carthaginians in Sar-
dinia, is murdered by the mercenaries, i. 202.
Brach'mans, Indian philosophers, iii. 187; their
opinions, employments, and manner of living,
187, 188.

Bran'chi-dæ, family of Miletus, settled by Xerxes in
Upper Asia, and destroyed by Alexander the
Great, iii. 162.

Bras'i-das, Lacedæmonian general, distinguishes
himself at the siege of Pylus, ii. 163; his expe-
ditions into Thrace, 170; he takes Amphipolis,
171; he defends that place against Cleon, and re-
ceives a wound of which he dies, 173.
Bren'nus, general of the Gauls, makes an irruption
into Pannonia, iii. 321; Macedonia, and Greece,
322; he perishes in the last enterprise, 323.
Bru'chi-on, quarter of the city of Alexandria, iv.

392.

Bu-ce-pha'li-a, city built by Alexander, iii. 81.
Bu-ce-ph'a-lus, war-horse, backed by Alexander,
iii. 81; wonders related of that horse, ibid.
Bu'ri-al of the dead in the earth, i. 399; burial of
kings among the Scythians, ii. 18; care of the an-
cients to procure burial for the dead, ii. 227.
Burn'ing-glass, by means of which Archimedes is
said to have burnt the Roman fleet, iv. 329.
Bu-si'ris, king of Egypt, i. 129.
Bu-si'ris, brother of Amenophis, infamous for his
cruelty, i. 134.

Byb'los, city of Phoenicia, iii. 109.

Byr'sa, name of the citadel of Carthage, i. 254.
Bys'sus, Egyptian plant; description, &c., 1. 125.
By-zan'ti-um, a city of Thrace, delivered by the
Greeks from the power of the Persians, ii. 86; it
submits to the Athenians, 219; siege of Byzanti-
um by Philip, iii. 57; war between the Byzan-
tines and Rhodians, 404.

CA

CA

taxerxes, ii. 297; Tiribasus makes them reara
to their duty, ibid.

Cad'y-tis, a name given to the city of Jerusalem by
Herodotus, i. 142.

Ce-les'tis, U-ri-a'na, or the Moon, goddess of the
Carthaginians, i. 150.

Ca'sar (Julius,) his power at Rome, iv. 372; he re-
stores Ptolemy Auletes, 388; he goes to Egypt in
hopes of finding Pompey there, 300; he makes
himself judge between Ptolemy and his sister
Cleopatra, ibid.; his passion for that princes, 391,
394; battles between his troops and the Alexan
drians, 391; he gives the crown of Egypt to Cleo
patra and Ptolemy, 394; he confirms the Jews in
their privileges, 280, 395; he gains a victory over
Pharnaces, and drives him out of the kingdom of
Pontus, 395; he is killed soon after, ibid.

Cæsar Oc-ta'vi-us, afterwards named Augustus,
joins with Antony and Lepidus to avenge Cz-
sar's death, iv. 395; he quarrels with Antony,
399; he gains a great victory over him at the
battle of Actium, 403; he goes to Egypt, 485; he
besieges Alexandria, 406; interview of Casar and
Cleopatra, 408; he is deceived by that princess,
whom he was in hopes of deceiving, 409.
Ca-sa'ri-o, son of Julius Casar and Cleopatra, iv.
394; he is proclaimed king of Egypt jointly with
his mother, 400.

Ca-i'na, a city of Pontus, taken from Mithridates by
Pompey, iv. 378.

Ca i'ro, its famous castle in Egypt, i. 98.
Ca-la'nus, Indian philosopher, comes to the court
of Alexander the Great, iii. 189; he dies volunta-
rily upon a funeral pile, 199, &c.

Cal-ci-da'us, in the name of the Lacedemonians,
concludes a treaty with Tissaphernes, ü. 212.
Callas, son of Harpalus, officer in Alexander's
Cal-li'as of Athens is cited before the judges upon
army, iii. 88.
account of Aristides, ii. 92; he is appointed ple
nipotentiary for Athens to Artaxerxes, 116.
Cal-lib'i-us, a Spartan, is appointed governor of the
Cal-lic'ra-tes, a Spartan, kills Epaminondas in the
citadel of Athens, ii, 234.
battle of Mantinea, ii. 452.

Cal-lic'ra-tes, deputed by the Arbæans to Rome,
betrays them, iv. 100; he prevents the Achans
from aiding the two brothers Ptolemies, against
Antiochus, 128, 129; he impeaches all the Acha
ans, who seemed to favour Perseus, to the Ro-
Cal-li-crat'i-das succeeds Lysander in the com-
mans, 199.
mand of the Lacedæmonian fleet, il. 224; he
goes to the court of Cyrus the younger, 225; be
is defeated near the islands Arginuse, and killed
in the battle, 226.

Cal-lini'a-chus, polemarch at Athens, joins the par
ty of Miltiades, ii. 39.

Cal-lim'a-chus, governor of Amisus for Mithrida-
tes, defends that city against Lucullus, and then
sets it on fire, iv. 361.

Cal-lip'us, an Athenian, assassinates Dion, and
seizes the tyranny of Syracuse, ii. 4.0, &c.; he
is soon after assassinated himself, ibid.
Cal-lis'the-nes, a philosopher in the train of Alex-
ander, iii. 174; that prince causes him to be put
to death, 176; character of that philosopher, ibid.
Cal-lix'e-nes, Athenian orator, accuses the Athen-
ian generals falsely in the senate. ii. 228; he is
punished soon after, 229.

Ca-bi'ræ, a city of Asia, famous for the victory of Cal-vi'nus, (Domitius) commands in Asia for Ca-
Lucullus over Mithridates, iv. 359.

Ca'diz, a city of Spain, i. 167.

Cad'mus, Phoenician, seizes Bootia, and builds
Thebes there, i. 413; he introduced the use of
letters into Greece, i. 134.

Ca-du'si-ans, people of Assyria; they submit to Cy-
rus, i. 323; revolt of the Cadusians against Ar-

sar, iv. 392.

Ca lum'ni-a-tors, or false accusers, punishment of
them in Egypt, i. 112; law of Charondas against
them, ii. 141.

Cam-bi'lus, a general in the service of Antiochus,
betrays Achæus, and delivers him up to that
prince, iii. 409, 410.

CH

cres the inhabitants of Maronæ, iv. 93; that
prince causes him to be put to death, ibid.
Cas'si-us, (Lucius,) Roman general, is defeated by
Mithridates, iv. 344.

Cas'si-us, quæstor in the army of Crassus in the war
with the Parthians, iv. 287; he puts himself at
the head of the remains of that army, and pre-
vents the Parthians from seizing Syria, 298; he
forms a conspiracy against Caesar, 395; he is en-
tirely defeated by Antony, ibid.

Cat, veneration of the Egyptians for that animal,
i. 361, iv. 388.

Cat'a-racts of the Nile, i. 103.

||

CI

Cha'ron, Theban, receives Pelopidas and the cum-
spirators into his house, ii. 427; he is elected
Bootarch, 430.

Cha-ron'das is chosen legislator at Thurium, ii. 14;
he kills himself upon having broken one of his
own laws, 142.

Chase, or hunting, exercises much used among the
ancients, ii. 353.

Che-an-i'da, wife of Cleombrotus, iii. 380; her
tenderness for her husband, ibid.

Chel-i-don'i-da, daughter of Leotychides, and wife
of Cleonymus, iii. 341; her passion for Acrota-
tes, ibid.

Che'ops and Ce-pbre'nus, kings of Egypt, and bro-
thers, equally inhuman and impious, i. 135.
Chi'lo, one of the seven sages of Greece, i. 448.
Chi'lo, Lacedæmonian, attempts to ascend the
throne of Sparta, but ineffectually, iii. 417.

Ca'to, (M. Portius,) surnamed the Censor, serves as
lieutenant general under the consul Acilius, iv.
59; his valour at the pass of Thermopylæ, ibid.;
he speaks in favour of the Rhodians in the se-
nate, 196; he obtains the return of the exiles for
the Achæans, 201; his conduct in respect to Car-Chi'o,
neades, and the other Athenian ambassadors,
205; he is appointed by the commonwealth to de- ||
pose Ptolemy king of Cyprus, and to confiscate
his treasures, 269.

Ca'to, son of the former, acts prodigies of valour,||
at the battle of Pydna, iv. 183.

Ca'to, tribune of the people, opposes the re-esta-
blishment of Ptolemy, iv. 384, &c.
Cay-tha'ans, people of India, subjected by Alexan-
der, iii. 187.

Ceb-a-li'nus discovers the conspiracy of Dymnus
against Alexander, iii. 157.

Ce'crops, founder of Athens, i. 412; he institutes
the Areopagus, ibid.

Ce-le'næ, city of Phrygia, famous for the river Mar-
syas, iii. 94.

Cen-de-ba'us, general of Antiochus Sidetes, is de-
feated in Jerusalem by Judas and John, iv. 242.
Cen-so-ri'nus, (L. Marcus), consul, marches against
Carthage, i. 249; he notifies the senate's orders
to that city, 251; he forms the siege of Carthage,
253.

Ce-ram'i-cus, suburb of Athens, i. 35.
Cer'a-sus, a city of Cappadocia, famous for its
cherries, ii. 265, iv. 373.

Ce'res, goddess; Feasts instituted in honour of her
at Athens, i. 33.

Ces'tus, offensive arms of the Athletæ, i. 49.
Cha'bri-as, Athenian, without orders of the com-
monwealth, accepts the command of the auxili-
ary troops of Greece, in the pay of Achoris, ii.
457; he is recalled by the Athenians, ibid.; he
serves Tachos again without the consent of his
republic, 459; the Athenians employ him in the
war against their allies, iii. 8; he dies at the
siege of Chio, 9; praise of Chabrias, ibid.
Che're-phon, disciple of Socrates, ii. 306.
Cha-ro-næ'a, city of Breotia, famous for Philip's
victory over the Athenians and Thebans, and for
that of Sylla over the generals of Mithridates,
iii. 64.

Chal-ci-oi'cos, a temple of Minerva at Sparta, iii.

378.

Chal'cis, city of Ætolia, ii. 180.

Chal-da'ans, addicted to the study of judicial as-
trology, i. 393; the sect of Sabaans formed of
them, 397.

Cha'res, one of the generals of the Athenians in the
war with the allies, iii. 9; his weak capacity, 56;
he writes to Athens against his two colleagues,
10; he suffers himself to be corrupted by Arta-
bazus, 7, 10; he is recalled to Athens, 10; he is
sent to the aid of the Chersonesus, 56; the cities
refuse to open their gates to him, 57; he is de-
feated at Charonæa by Philip, 65.

Cha'res, of Lindus, makes the col ssus of Rhodes,
iii. 291.

Cha-ri-la'us made king of Sparta by Lycurgus, i.

417.

Cha'ron, his boat; origin of that fable, i. 119.

island of Greece, extolled for its excellent
wine, i. 409.
Chi-ris-o'phus, Lacedæmonian, is chosen general
by the troops that made the retreat of the Ten
Thousand, ii. 261.

Chle'ne-as, deputy from the Etolians to Sparta, to
persuade that city to enter into the treaty con-
cluded with the Romans, in. 433.

Cho-as'pes, river of Babylonia, famous for the
goodness of its waters, 142.

Cha'nix, measure of corn among (ancients, fi
163.

Chry-san'thes, commander in th
the battle of Thymbria, i. 32.
Chy-na-la-da'nus.-See Syracuse.
Cic'e-ro, (M. Tullius,) his military exploits

ria, iv. 298; he refuses a triumph, 299; by his
fluence he causes Pompey to be appointed gene-
ral against Mithridates, iv. 372; his counsel to
Lentulus upon reinstating Ptolemy Auletes, 386;
he discovers the tomb of Archimedes, 334; pa-
rallel between Cicero and Demosthenes, iii. 237.
Ci-lic'i-a, province of Asia Minor, i. 28.
Cil'les, Ptolemy's lieutenant, loses a battle against
Demetrius, who takes him prisoner, iii. 271.
Cim-me'ri-ans, people of Scythia; they are driven
out of their country and go to Asia, i. 300; Haly-
artes, king of Lydia, obliges them to quit it, ibid.
Ci'mon, son of Miltiades, when very young, sig-
nalizes himself by his piety to his father, u. 43;
he encourages the Athenians by his example to
abandon their city and to embark, 65; he dis-
tinguishes himself at the battle of Salamin, 70;
he commands the fleet sent by the Greeks to de-
liver the allies from the Persian yoke, in con-
junction with Aristides, 86; the Athenians place
Cimon at the head of their armies after Themis-
tocles retires, 100; he makes several conquests
in Thrace, and settles a colony there, 101; be
makes himself master of the isle of Scyros, where
he finds the bones of Theseus, which he brings
to Athens, ibid.; his conduct in the division of
the booty with the allies, 102; Cimon gains two
victories over the Persians near the river Eury-
medon, in one day, 103; worthy use which be
makes of the riches taken from the enemy, 104;
he makes new conquests in Thrace, ibid.; he
marches to the aid of the Laceda monians at-
tacked by the helots, 114; he is banished by the
Athenians, 115; he quits his retreat, and repairs
to his tribe to fight the Lacedæmonians, ibid.; he
is recalled from banishment, ibid.; be re-esta-
blishes peace between Athens and Sparta, 116;
he gains many victories which oblige the Persians
to conclude a treaty highly glorious for the
Greeks, ibid.; he dies during the conclusion of
the treaty, ibid.; character and eulogy of Cimon,

117.

Cin'e-as,Thessalian, famous orator, courtier of Pyr
rhus, iii. 327; his conversation with that prince,
ibid.; Pyrrhus sends him ambassador to Rome

451

CL

331; his conduct during his stay there, 332; idea
which he gives Pyrrhus of the Roman senate,
ibid.

Cin'na, his oppressions and cruelties at Rome, iv.
351.

Ci'os, city of Bithynia. Philip's cruel treatment
of the inhabitants of that city, iv. 9.
Clau'di-us (Appius.)-See Appius.

Clau'di-us (Cento) Roman officer, sent by Sulpitius
to the aid of Athens, iv. 13; he ravages the city
of Chalcis, ibid.

Clau'di-us (C.) sent by the Romans into Achaia; ||
his conduct in respect to that people, iv. 199.
Cla-zom'e-næ, a city of Ionia, i. 415.
Cle'a-des, Theban, endeavours to excuse the rebel-
lion of his country to Alexander, iii. 84.
Cle-an'der, Alexander's lieutenant in Media, assas-
sinates Parmenio by his order, iii. 161.
Cle-ar'chus, Lacedæmonian captain, takes refuge
with Cyrus the younger, ii. 247; he is placed at the
head of the Greek troops in that prince's expedi-
tion against his brother Artaxerxes, 248; he is vic-
torious on his side at the battle of Cunaxa, 252;
he commands the Greek troops in their retreat!
after the battle, 256, he is seized by treachery
and sent to Artaxerxes, who causes him to be pui
to death, 259; praise of Clearchus, ibid.
Cle'o-bis and Bi'ton, brothers, models of fraternal
affection, i. 302.

Cle-o-bu'lus, one of the seven sages of Greece, i.
448.

Cle-o'cri-tus of Corinth, appeases the dispute be-

tween the Athenians and Lacedæmoniaus, after
the battle of Platææ, ii. 77.

Cle-om'bro-tus, king of Sparta, marches against the
Thebans, ii. 435; he is killed at the battle of
Leuctra, 436.

Cle-om'bro-tus, son-in-law of Leonidas, causes
himself to be elected king of Sparta, to the pre-
judice of his father-in-law, iii. 378; he is de-
throned soon after by Leonidas, 380, and banished
from Sparta, 381.

Cle-om'e-nes, governor of Egypt for Alexander, iii.

207.

Cle-om'e-nes, king of Sparta, refuses to join the
Ionians in their revolt against the Persians, ii.
30; he marches against the people of Ægina, 37;
he effects the expulsion of his colleague Demara-
tus from the throne, ibid.; he reduces the people
of Ægina, and dies soon after, ibid.
Cle-om'e-nes, son of Leonidas, marries Agiatis, iii.
383; he ascends the throne of Sparta, 384; he en-
ters into a war with the Achæans, ibid.; he gains
many advantages over them, ibid.; he reforms the
government of Sparta, and re-establishes the an-
cient discipline, 385; he gains new advantages
over the Acha ans, 386, 389; he sends his mother
and children as hostages into Egypt, 390; he takes
Megalopolis by surprise, 391; he is defeated at
Selasia by Antigonus king of Macedonia, 395; he
retires into Egypt, 396; Ptolemy's reception of
him, 397; he cannot obtain permission to return
into his own country, 413; unfortunate death of
Cleomenes, 414; his character, 383, 397.
Cle'on, Athenian, his extraction, ii. 146; by his influ-
ence with the people, he prevents the conclusion
of a peace between Sparta and Athens, 164; he
reduces the Lacedæmonians, shut up in the island
of Sphacteria, 165; he marches against Brasidas,
and advances to the walls of Amphipolis, 173;
surprised by Brasidas, he flies, and is killed by a
soldier, ibid.

Cle'on, flatterer in Alexander's court, endeavours
to persuade the Macedonians to prostrate them-
selves before that prince, iii. 174.
Cle-on'is, commands the troops of the Messenians
in the first war with Sparta, i. 83; after the bat-
tle of Ithoma, he disputes the prize of valour
with Aristomenes 84; he afterwards disputes the

Cle-on'y-mus, Spartan, being disappointed of the
throne, retires to Pyrrhus, and engages him to
march against Sparta, iii. 340; history of this
Cleonymus, ibid.

Cle-o-pa'tra, neice of Attalus, marries Philip, king
of Macedonia, iii. 69.

Cle-o-pa'tra, Philip's daughter, is married to Alex-
ander, king of Epirus, iii. 70; Antigonus causes
her to be put to death, 274.

Cle-o-pa'tra, daughter of Antiochus the Great, is
promised and then given in marriage to Ptolemy
Epiphanes, iv. 21, 47; after her husband's death
she is declared regent of the kingdom, and her
son's guardian, 103; death of that princess, 122.
Cle-o-pa'tra, the daughter of Ptolemy Epiphanes,
makes an accommodation between her brothers
Philomieter and Evergetes, iv. 128; after the death
of Philometer her husband, she marries Physcon,
236; that prince puts her away to marry one of
her daughters, 250; the Alexandrians place her
upon the throne in Physcon's stead, ibid.; she is
obliged to take refuge in Syria, 251.
Cle-o-pa'ra, daughter of Ptolemy Philometer, is
mariied to Alexander Bala, iv. 234; her father
takes her from Alexander, and marries her to
Demetrius, 235; while her husband is kept pri-
soner by the Parthians, she marries Antiochus
Sidetes, 241; after the death of Sidetes, she re-
turns to Demetrius, 251; she causes the gates of
Ptolemais to be shut against him, ibid.; she kills
Seleucus her eldest son, 252: she dies of poison,
which she would have given her second son
Grypus, 253.

Cle-o-pa'tra, Philometer's daughter, marries Phys-
con, iv. 236; after her husband's death, she reigns
in Egypt with her son Lathyrus, whom she first
obliges to repudiate his eldest sister Cleopatra,
and to marry his youngest sister Selena, 254; she
gives her son Alexander the kingdom of Cyprus,
255; she takes his wife Selena from Lathyrus,
drives him out of Egypt, and sets his younger
brother Alexander upon the throne, 257, 258; she
aids this prince against his brother, ibid.; she mar-
ries Selena to Antiochus Grypus, 259; Alexander
causes her to be put to death, 261.
Cle-o-pa'tra, Physcon's daughter, and wife of La-
thyrus, is repudiated by her husband, iv. 254;
she gives herself to Antiochus the Cyzicenian,
ibid.; Tryphena, her sister, causes her to be mur-
dered, 255.

Cle-o pa'tra, daughter of Lathyrus-See Berenice.
Cle-o-pa'tra, daughter of Ptolemy Auletes, ascends
the throne of Egypt in conjunction with her eld-
est brother, iv. 388; she is dethroned by the young
king's guardians, 389; she raises troops to rein-
state herself, ibid.; she goes to Cæsar, and her ob-
ject, 391; he establishes, her on the throne of
Egypt jointly with her brother, 394; she puts her
brother to death, and reigns alone in Egypt, 395;
after Cæsar's death, she declares for the trium-
virs, ibid.; she goes to Antony at Tarsus, 396;
gets the ascendant of him, ibid.; she carries him
to Alexandria, 397; her jealousy of Octavia, 399;
coronation of Cleopatra and her children, 400;
she accompanies Antony in his expeditions, 401;
the Romans declare war against her, 402; she
flies at the battle of Actium, and returns to Alex-
andria, 404; she endeavours to gain Augustus,
and designs to sacrifice Antony to him, ibid.; she
retires into the tombs of the kings of Egypt, to
avoid Antony's fury, 406; he expires in her arms,
407; she obtains permission from Cæsar to bury
Antony, 408; she has a conversation with Cæsar,
ibid.; to avoid being led in Cæsar's triumph, she
dies by the bite of an aspic, 409; character of
Cleopatra, 396, 406, 409; her arts to keep Antony
in her chains, 399; the taste she retained for po