3962 42

3973 31

Ariobarzanes III. He is put to death by Cassius.

Ariarathes X.

Pontus.

certa, the capital of Armenia. Lucullus defeats Tigranes and Mithridates, who had joined their forces near the brer Arsamia.

Mithridates recovers all his dominions, in consequence of the misunderstandings that take place in the Roman army.

Pompey is appointed to succeed Lucullus. He gains midny advantages over Mithri dates, and obliges him to fly. Tigranes surrenders himself to Pompey.

Pompey makes bimself mas

Mithridates, eldest son of ter of Caina, in which the trea

Phraates.
Orodes.
Unfortunate expedition of
Crassus against the Parthians.

sures of Mithridates were laid up.

Death of Mithridates. Phar naces his son, whom the army bad elected king, submits his person and dominions to the

Ventidius, general of the Ro-Romans.
M. Antony drives Ariarathes mans, gains a victory over the
out of Cappadocia, and sets Parthians, which retrieves the
Archelaus in his place. On honour they had lost at the bat-
the death of that prince, which tle of Carra.
happened in the year of the
world 4022, Cappadocia was
reduced to a Roman province,!

Syracuse.

Syracuse is said to have been founded in the year of the world 3295; before Christ 709. 3501 503

Carthage.

Carthage was founded in the year of the world 3158, before Christ 846.

First treaty between the Carthaginians and Romans. It appears that the Carthaginians had carried their arms into Sicily before this treaty, as they were in possession of part of it when itwas concluded: but what year they did so is not known.

The Carthaginians make an alliance with Xerxes.

The Carthaginians, under Amilcar, attack by Gelon.

Gelon is elected king of Syracuse. He reigns the Greeks settled in Sicily. They are beaten five or six years.

Hiero I. He reigns 11 years.
Thrasybulus. In a year's time he is expelled

3523 481

3525 479

3532 172

3543 161

by his subjects.

3544 460

3589 415

The Syracusans enjoy their liberty during sixty years.

The Athenians, assisted by the people of Se

3592412 gesta, undertake the siege of Syracuse under

3593 411 3595 109

3598 107

3600 41

The Carthaginians send troops under Han

their general Nicias. They are obliged to nibal, to aid the people of Segesta against the raise it at the end of two years. The Syracu-Syracusans.

sans pursue and defeat them entirely.

Beginning of Dionysius the Elder.

Hannibal and Imilcon are sent to conquer Si

Dionysius, after having deposed the ancient cily. They open the campaign with the siege magistrates of Syracuse, is placed at the head of Agrigentum.

of the new ones, and soon after causes himself

to be declared generalissimo.

Revolt of the Syracusans against Dionysius.

The war carried on by the Carthaginians in

upon account of the taking of Gela by the Car-Sicily is terminated by a treaty of peace with thaginians. It is followed by a treaty of peace the Syracusans.

between the Carthaginians and Syracusans, by
one of the conditions of which Syracuse is to
continue in subjection to Dionysius. He estab-
lishes the tyranny in his own person.

New troubles at Syracuse against Dionysius. 360599 He finds means to put an end to them.

Dionysius makes great preparations for a new war with the Carthaginians.

AMAC

3607 397

3615 339

3632 372

3643 361

3644 360

3646 358

3647 357

3654 350

3656 348

3657 347

Massacre of all the Carthaginians in Sicily, Imilcon goes to Sicily with an army to carry followed by a declaration of war, which Dio-on the war against Dionysius. It subsists four nysius caused to be signified to them by a her-or five years.

ald, whom he despatched to Carthage.

Dionysius takes Rhegium by capitulation.

The next year he breaks the treaty, and makes]
himself master of it again by force.

Death of Dionysius the Elder.
His son,
Dionysius the Younger, succeeds him. By the
advice of Dion, his brother-in-law, he causes
Plato to come to his court.

Dion banished by the order of Dionysius, re-
tires into Peloponnesus.

Dionysius makes Arete his sister, the wife of
Dion, marry Timocrates, one of his friends.
That treatment makes Dion resolve to attack
the tyrant by open force.

Dion obliges Dionysius to abandon Syracuse.
He sets sail for Italy.

Callippus causes Dion to be assassinated, and
makes himself master of Syracuse, where he
reigns about thirteen months.

Hipparinus, brother of Dionysius the Younger, drives Callippus out of Syracuse, and establishes himself in his place for two years. Dionysius reinstated.

1

The Syracusans call in Timoleon to their aid.

Second treaty of peace concluded between the Romans and Carthaginians.

The Carthaginians make a new attempt to seize Sicily. They are defeated by Timoleon, who was sent by the Corinthians to the aid Hanno a citizen of Carthage, forms the deTimoleon abolishes tyranny at Syracuse, and sign of making himself master of his country. throughout Sicily, the liberty of which he re3672 332 instates.

Dionysius is forced by Timoleon to surrender of the Syracusans. himself, and retire to Corinth.

3658 346

Embassy of Tyre to Carthage, to demand aid against Alexander the Great.

3685 319 Agathocles makes himself tyrant of Syracuse. Beginning of the wars between the Cartha

ginians and Agathocles in Sicily and Africa.

The Carthaginians send Mago with a fleet

3724 280 A Roman legion seizes Rhegium by treach-
3727 277 ery.
Hiero and Artemidorus are made supreme to aid the Romans against Pyrrhus.
magistrates by the Syracusan troops.

3729 275

3736 268 Hiero is declared king by the Syracusans. 3741 263 Appius Claudius goes to Sicily to aid the Mamertines against the Carthaginians. Hie3743 261 ro, who was at first against him, comes to an accommodation with him, and makes an alliance with the Romans.

3745 259

3749 255

3750 254

3755 249

3756 248

13763 241

3767 237

3776 228

Beginning of the first Punic war with the
Romans. It continues twenty four years.
The Romans besiege the Carthaginians in
Agrigentum, and take the city after a siege of
seven months.

Sea-fight between the Romans and Cathaginians, near the Coast of Myle.

Sea-fight near Ecnomus in Sicily.
Regulus in Africa. He is taken prisoner.
Xanthippus comes to the aid of the Cartha-
ginians.

Regulus is sent to Rome to propose the exchange of prisoners. At his return the Carthaginians put him to death with the most cruel

Hiero sends the Carthaginians aid against Defeat of the Carthaginians near the islands the foreign mercenaries.

of gates, followed by a treaty, which puts an end to the first Punic war.

War of Libya against the foreign mercenaries. It continues three years and four months. The Carthaginians give up Sardinia to the Romans, and engage to pay them 1200 talents. Amilcar is killed in Spain. Asdrubal, his son-in-law, succeeds him in the command of the army.

Hannibal is sent into Spain at the request of his uncle Asdrubal.

3794 210

3798 206

Hannibal advances to Rome, and besieges it. The Romans soon after take Capua.

Asdrubal enters Italy. He is defeated by the consul Livius, whom the other consul, Nero, had joined.

3799 205 Scipio makes himself master of all Spain. He is made consul the year following, and goes to Africa.

3802 202

3803 201

3804 200

3810 194

3813 191

3816 188

3820 184

3822 182

3823 181

3848 156

Hannibal is recalled to the aid of his country.

Interview of Hannibal and Scipio in Africa, followed by a bloody battle, in which the Romans gain a complete victory.

Treaty of peace between the Carthaginians and Romans, which puts an end to the second Punic war.

Fifty years elapsed between the end of the second and the beginning of the third Punic

wars.

Hannibal is made prætor of Carthage, and reforms the courts of justice and the finances. After having exercised that office two years, he retires to king Antiochus at Ephesus, whom be advises to carry the war into Italy.

Interview of Hannibal and Scipio at Ephesus.

Hannibal takes refuge in the island of Crete, to avoid being delivered up to the Romans.
Hannibal abandons the island of Crete, to take refuge with Prusias, king of Bithynia.
Death of Hannibal.

The Romans send commissioners into Africa, to adjudge the differences which had arisen between the Carthaginians and Masinissa.

Second embassy sent by the Romans into Africa, to make new inquiries into the differences existing between the Carthaginians and Masinissa.

3855 149

Beginning of the third Punic war. It continues a little more than four years.

3858 146

3859 145

Scipio the Younger is made consul, and receives the command of the army before Carthage.
Scipio takes and entirely demolishes Carthage.

END OF THE CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

GENERAL INDEX,

CONTAINING THE

PRINCIPAL MATTERS IN THE ANCIENT HISTORY.

INDEX.

AG

E-gyp'tus, name given Sesostris.

See Sesostris.
-ne'as, supposed by Virgil cotemporary with Di-
do, i. 165.

En-o-bar'bus, (Domitius) consul, declares for An-
tony, and retires to him, iv. 401.
'o-lic, dialect, i. 416.

'o-lus, son of Hellenus, reigns in Thessaly, i. 414.
Era of Nabonassar, i. 284; of the Seleucides, iii.
271.

Es'chi-nes, Athenian orator, suffers himself to be
corrupted by Philip's gold, iii. 47, 49, 61; he ac-
cuses Demosthenes, 67; he is cast, and retires
into banishment, 68.

'sop, the Phrygian, his history, i. 450; he goes to
the court of Croesus, 451; he is supposed to have
been the inventor of fables, ibid.
E-to'li-a, one of the principal parts of Greece, i.408.
E-to'li-ans. War of the Etolians against the
Achæans and Philip, iii. 411; proposals for a
treaty of peace between them, 434; the Etolians
join the Romans against Philip, 432; they make
peace with that prince, 451; they declare against
him for the Romans, iv. 17, 25; they condemn the
treaty made between Philip and the Romans, 34;
they form a resolution to seize Demetrias, Chal-
cis, and Lacedæmon, by treachery, 52; they call
in the aid of Antiochus against the Romans, 54;
they offer to submit to the Romans, 61; and can-
not obtain peace, 62; the senate, at the request
of the Athenians and Rhodians, afterwards grant
it them, 80; cruel treatment of them by the Ro-
mans, 190, 198.

Af'ri-ca, discovered by the care of Nechao, i. 141;

Hanno sails round it by order of the senate, 160.
Ag-a-mem'non, king of Mycenæ, i. 412.

Ag-a-ris'ta, wife of Megacles; her father's conduct
in choosing her a husband, i. 437.

A-gath'o-cles seizes the tyranny of Syracuse, i. 179; ||
iv. 336; his expeditions against the Carthaginians
in Sicily and in Africa, i. 180, &c.; he brings over
Ophellas to his side, and then puts him to death,
183; miserable end of that tyrant, 184.
A-gath'o-cles, governor of Parthia for Antiochus,
iii. 351.

AL

ilaus in Egypt, 460; he declares for Nectaneha
against Tachos, ibid.; he dies on his return to
Sparta, 461.

A-ges'i-laus, uncle on the mother's side to Aga,
king of Sparta, tij. 376; he abuses that prince's
confidence, ibid.; violence which be comm
when one of the ephori, 380.

Ag-e-sip'o-lis, king of Sparta with Agesilaus, ii.423;
difference between those two kings, ibid.; ke
commands the army sent against Olynthus, 425;
his death, ibid.

Ag-e-sip'o-lis reigns at Sparta with Lycurgus, fi
415; he is dethroned by Lycurgus, iv. 40; be re-
tires to the camp of the Romans, ibid.

A ge-sis'tra-ta, mother of Agis king of Sparta, iii.
381; her death, 382.

A-gi-a'tis, widow of Agis king of Sparta, is forced
by Leonidas to marry Cleomenes, iii. 363; death
of that princess, 390.

||A'gis, son of Eurysthenes, king of Sparta, euslaves
the inhabitants of Elos, i. 81.

A'gis II. son of Archidamus, king of Sparta, ii. 189;
he makes war against the people of Elis, 272; he
acknowledges Leotychides for his son at his
death, ibid.

A'gis III. son of another Archidamus, king of
Sparta, commands the army of the Lacedemon-
ians against the Macedonians, and is killed in a
battle, iii. 152, 153.

A'gis IV. son of Eudamidas, reigns at Sparta, ii.
374; he endeavours to revive the ancient insti-
tutions of Lycurgus, and effects it in part, 375;
only Agesilaus prevents the final execution of
that design, 379; he is sent to aid the Acha ans
against the Ætolians, ibid.; on his return to
Sparta, he finds a total change there, 380; he is
condemned to die, and executed, 382
A-go-no-the'tæ, a name given to those who pre-
sided in the public games of Greece, i. 47.
Ag-ri-culture. Esteem the ancients had for it, es
pecially in Egypt, i. 123; in Persia, i. 377; and in
Sicily, ii. 133, iv. 312.

Ag-ri-gen'tum. Foundation of that city, ii. 181;
Juxury and effeminacy of its inhabitants, ii. 369;
it is subjected first by the Carthaginians i. 172;
and afterwards by the Romans, 187.
A'gron, prince of Illyria, iii. 371.
A-has-u-e'rus, name given in the Scripture to As-
tyages, as also to Cambyses and Darius-Sec
the names of the two last.

Aʼhaz, king of Judah, becomes vassal and tributary
to Tiglath-Pileser, i. 284.

Al-ba'ni-ans, situation of their country, iv. 36;
they are defeated by Pompey, 377.

ther of Amphitryon, i. 412.
Al'ca-us, Greek poet, i. 445.

A-gath'o-cles, brother of Agathoclea, iii. 410; his
ascendant over Ptolemy Philopator, ibid.; his
measures for obtaining the tuition of Ptolemy
Epiphanes, iv. 7; he perishes miserably, 8.
A-gath-o'clea, concubine of Ptolemy Philopator,
iii. 410; miserable end of that woman, iv. 8.
Ag'e-las of Naupactus, ambassador from the allies
to Philip; wisdom of his discourse, iii. 428.
A-ges'i-laus is elected king of Sparta, ii. 272; his
education and character, 273; he sets out for Asia,
275; he differs with Lysander, 276; his expedi-Al'ca-us, son of Perseus, king of Mycene, and fa-
tions in Asia, 278, &c.; Sparta appoints him ge-
neralissimo by sea and land, 280; he commissions
Pisander to command the fleet in his stead, ibid.
his interview with Pharnabasus, 281; the ephori
recall him to the aid of his country, 284; his ready
obedience, ibid. ; he gains a victory over the The-
bans at Coronæa, in which he is wounded, 286.
287; he returns to Sparta, ibid.; he always re-
tains his ancient manners, ibid.; he discovers the
conspiracy formed by Lysander, 288; different
expeditions of Agesilaus in Greece, ibid.; he
causes his brother Telutias to be appointed ad-
miral, ibid.; Sphodrias is acquitted by his means,
432; Antalcides rallies him upon his being
wounded by the Thebans, ibid.; dispute between
Agesilaus and Epaminondas in the assembly of
the allies of Sparta, 434; he causes war to be de-
clared against the Thebans, 435; he finds means
to save those who had filed from the battle of
Leuctra, 437; his conduct in the two irruptions
of the Thebans into the territory of Sparta, 439;
Sparta sends aid to Tachos, king of Egypt, who
had revolted against Persia, 459; actions of Ages-

Al'ce-tas, king of the Molossians, great grandfather
both to Pyrrhus and Alexander the Great, ii. 35.
Al-ci-bi'a-des. When very young he carries the
prize of valour in the battle against the Potide-
ans, ii. 126; character of that Athenian, ü. 175;
his intimacy with Socrates, ibid.; his versatility
of genius, 177; his passion for ruling alone, ibid.;
his enormous expenses in the public games, i. 54;
cities that supplied those expenses, 55; he begins
to appear at Athens, ii. 175; his artifice for break-
ing the treaty with Sparta, 177; he engages the
Athenians in the war with Sicily, 179; be is
elected general with Nicias and Lamachus, 122;
he is accused of having mutilated the statues of
Mercury, 185; he sets out for Sicily, without
having been able to bring that affair to a trial, 189;
he takes Catana by surprise, 188; he is recalled
by the Athenians to be tried upon an accusation,
ibid.; he flies, and is condemned to die for co
tumacy, ibid.; he retires to Sparta, 189; he de-
bauclics Timea, the wife of Agis, and has a st