ADVERSITY

Adversity, Hymn to. Thomas Gray (1716-1771).

Begins:

"Daughter of Jove, relentless power." Advice. Satire. Tobias G. Smollett (1721-1771).

Also the title of a lyric by Sir Walter Raleigh (1552-1618). Advice to a Son is by Francis Osborne (1589?-1659).

"Ae fond kiss and then we sever." Song. Robert Burns (1759-1796).

Ælia Lælia Crispis. An enigmatical inscription of unknown origin.

This celebrated riddle, preserved in Bologna, has not been satisfactorily solved, though many ingenious explanations of its meaning (if it has any) have been made.

Ella. "A tragycal enterlude, or discoorseynge tragedie." [One of the Rowley poems, q. v.] Thomas Chatterton (17521770).

Æneid, The. [Lat. Eneis.] poem. Virgil (70-19 B. C.)

Epic

Written on the model of the Homeric poems, and based on the old Roman tradition of the settlement of Eneas and his Trojans in Italy.

Æsop. Play. Sir John Vanbrugh (1666?-1726).

Afterwards altered by Garrick.

Æsop's Fables.

Fables bearing Esop's name are known to have been popular at Athens in the most brilliant period of her literary history. The original prose fables were turned into verse by various writers. Phædrus is the best known of the Latin writers of these versions. Bentley's Dissertation on the Fables of Esop maintained their spuriousness, and the prose fables extant under the name of Esop are now thought not to be his work, but are assigned to an oriental source. The similarity between the fables attributed to Esop and those attributed to the Eastern fabulist and philosopher Lokman (who, by some traditions, is made contemporary with the psalmist David) induces the belief that they had a similar Indo-Persian or Chinese origin.

Ethiopica. [Gr. Albioniká.] Romance. Heliodorus (born at Emessa in Syria in the fourth century A. D.)

So called because the scene is partly laid in Ethiopia. It tells the story of the two lovers, Theagenes and Chariclea.

"Afar in the Desert I love to ride." Poem. Thomas Pringle (17891834).

Agamemnon.

[Gr. Αγαμέμνων.] Tragedy. Eschylus (525-456 B. C.) The first part of a trilogy consisting of the Agamemnon, Choëphora, and Eumenides. Agamemnon. Tragedy. Attributed to Seneca (-65).

Written to be read and not adapted to the stage. Many doubt whether Seneca wrote the ten tragedies ascribed to him. Among other writers who have treated the subject of Agamemnon are Vittorio Alfieri (17491803), James Thomson (1700-1748), Lemercier (1771-1840).

Agathocles. Novel. Caroline Pichler (1769-1843).

Agathon. Novel. Christoph Martin Wieland (1733-1813).

The scene is laid in ancient Greece. Agawam. See SIMPLE COBBLER of AGAWAM.

Age, The: a colloquial satire. Philip J. Bailey (b. 1816).

Age of Bronze. Satire in verse. Lord Byron (1788-1824).

Age of Reason: being an investigation of true and fabulous theology. Deistical treatise. Thomas Paine (1737-1809).

Completed in prison at Paris, and published, after his release, in 1795.

Ages, The. Poem. William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878).

Agide. [Agis.] Tragedy. Vittorio Alfieri (1749-1803).

Agincourt, Ballad of Michael Drayton (1563-1631).

First line of a song in Quentin Durward. 'Ah, fleeting spirit! wandering fire." Alexander Pope (1688-1744).

See ANIMULA, VAGULA, BLANDULA. "Ah! gentle, fleeting, wav'ring sprite." Lord Byron (1788-1824).

Adrian's address to his soul when dying. See ANIMULA, VAGULA, BLANDULA. Ahnfrau, Die. [The Ancestress.] Tragedy. Franz Grillparzer (b. 1790). Aids to Faith. A reply to ESSAYS AND REVIEWS. Edited by William Thomson (b. 1819).

The contributors to this series of essays were 11. 1. Mansel, William Fitzgerald, A. McCaul, F. C. Cook, George Rawlinson, E. H. Browne, William Thomson, Charles J. Ellicott.

Aids to Reflection Coleridge (1772-1834).

Samuel Taylor

Ajax. [Gr. Alas paoriyopónos.] Tragedy. Sophocles (495-405? B. C.)

Aladdin. [Dan. Aladdin's forunderlige Lampe.] Dramatic tale. A. G. Ochlenschläger (1779-1850).

Alarcos, Conde. [Count Alarcos.] Old Spanish ballad. Unknown.

Ticknor says that this tragedy goes back to some period in the national history or traditions of which we have no other early record. There are translations of it in English by Bowring and by Lockhart. Count Alarcos: a tragedy, is by Benjamin Disraeli (b. 1805). Alarm to the Unconverted. Joseph Allein (1633-1668).

Also published under the title of Sure Guide to Heaven.

Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude. Poem. Percy B. Shelley (1792-1822).

Albigenses, The. Romance. Charles Robert Maturin (1782-1824).

Albion's England. Poem. William Warner (1558 ?-1609).

A poem, or collection of ballads in the Alexandrine stanza, giving a poetical epitome of English history.

"It is rather legendary than historical."Hallam.

Alcazar, Battle of. See BATTLE OF ALCAZAR.

Alcestis. [Gr. "Aλknoris.] Tragedy. Euripides (480-406 B. C.)

Alceste is the title of a tragedy by Vittorio Alfieri (1749-1803), of a lyric drama by Christoph Martin Wieland (1733-1813), of a tragedy by LaGrange, and of an opera by Gluck.

Alchemist, The. Drama. Ben Jonson (1574-1637).

Dia

Alcibiades. [Gr. 'Αλκιβιάδης.] logue. Ascribed to Plato (428 ?-347 B.C.)

There are two dialogues, known as the First Alcibiades and the Second Alcibiades, published in editions of Plato. The former is thought by some critics to be spurious, while the latter is generally so considered. The Second Alcibiades is attributed to Xenophon.

Alcibiades. Tragedy. Thomas Otway (1651-1685).

Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher. Apology for the Christian religion. George Berkeley (1684-1753).

A dialogue on the model of Plato, "written with an intention to expose the weakness of infidelity."

Alciphron. Poem. (1779-1852).

Thomas Moore

Alciphron is also the name of the hero of Moore's romance entitled The Epicurean, q. v.

Alcoran. See KORAN.

Alec Forbes. Novel. George MacDonald (b. 1824).

Alexander.

King Alexander was a favorite subject of romance poetry.

"About a dozen trouveurs of France and England are enumerated who devoted themselves to this singular chapter of the romance of chivalry, and several of their performances still survive, although they can scarcely in any case be assigned with certainty to their proper authors."-Craik.

The English metrical romance of the Life of Alexander has been ascribed, it is thought erroneously, to Adam Davie, marshal of Stratford-at-Bow.

Alexander the Great. See RIVAL QUEENS.

Alexander's Feast. John Dryden (1631-1701).

The full title is Alexander's Feast: or the Power of Music, an Ode, in honor of St. Cecilia's Day. It begins:

""Twas at the royal feast, for Persia won By Philip's warlike son."

Alexander Pope wrote an Ode on St. Cecilia's Day, and Joseph Addison an Ode for St. Cecilia's Day. See also SONG FOR ST. CECILIA'S DAY.

Alexandra. [Gr. 'Ahežávópa.] Poem. Lycophron (fl. B. c. 285-47).

Called also Cassandra.

Lycophron's authorship is doubted by some. In this poem Cassandra foretells the fall of Troy, and narrates leading events in Greek history, from the Argonautic expedition to the time of Alexander the Great.

Alexandre. [Alexander.] Tragedy. Jean Racine (1639-1699).

Alexipharmica. [Gr. 'Aiphoμaka.] Poem en poisons and their antidotes. Nicander (fl. 2d c. B. C.)

Alfred. Masque. James Thomson (1700-1748) and David Mallet (1700?1765).

Contains the song of Rule Britannia, q. v. Alfred. Poem. Joseph Cottle (17701853).

Also poems entitled Alfred by Sir Richard Blackmore (1650?-1729), and Henry James Pye (1745-1813).

Founded on the story of Antony and Cleopatra, and professedly "written in imitation of Shakespeare's stile."

All for Love; or, a Sinner Well Saved. Poems. Robert Southey (1774 1843).

"All in the Downs the fleet was moored." Ballad. John Gay (1688-1732).

First line of Black-eyed Susan. Also known as Sweet William's Farewell to Black-eyed Susan.

All in the Wrong. Comedy. Arthur Murphy (1727-1805).

All in the Wrong: or, Births, Deaths, and Marriages, is the title of a novel by Theodore E. Hook (17-8-1-41).

All the Year Round. A weekly journal conducted by Charles Dickens (1812-1870).

It was a successor to Household Words, and the first number appeared on the 30th of April, 1859. Edmund Yates, Percy Fitzgerald, Charles Lever, Wilkie Collins, Charles Reade, and Lord Lytton, were contributors. See HOUSEHOLD WORDS.

"All thoughts, all passions, all delights." First line of LOVE, a poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834). Allegro, L'. Poem. John Milton

(1608-1764).

Begins:

"Hence loathed Melancholy,

Of Cerberus and blackest midnight born!" Allemagne, L'. [Germany.] Criticism. Mme. de Staël (1766-1817).

Allies, Conduct of the. See CONDUCT OF THE ALLIES.

All's Well that Ends Well. Com.edy. Shakespeare (1564-1616).

Allwill, Eduard. See EDUARD ALLWILL'S BRIEFSAMMLUNG.

Alma. Matthew Prior (1664-1721). Almagest. [Arab, al, the, Gr. peyiorn, the greatest.] Astronomical treatise Claudius Ptolemæus [Ptolemy] (fl. 139161).

The theories of the Ptolemaic system held their ground till the time of Copernicus (1473-1543).

"The romance of Almahide, also by Mad. Scuderi, is founded on the dissentions of the Zegris and Abencerrages, and opens with an account of a civil broil between these factions in the streets of Grenada."-Dunlop.

Almansor. Tragedy. Heinrich Heine (1799-1856).

Almanzor and Almahide, or the Conquest of Granada. Play. John Dryden (1631-1701).

Almeyda. Tragedy. Sophia Lee (1750-1824).

Almoran and Hamet. Eastern tale. John Hawkesworth (1715 ?-1773).

Alnwick Castle. Poem. Fitz-Greene Halleck (1790-1867).

Alonzo the Brave and the Fair Imogine. Ballad. Matthew Gregory Lewis, Monk Lewis (1775-1818).

Begins:

"When Love with unconfined wings." Alton Locke, Tailor and Poct. "An autobiography." Charles Kingsley (1819-1875).

This novel treats social and political questions.

Altrive Tales. James Hogg (17721835).

Alzire. Tragedy. Voltaire (16941778).

Amadigi, L'. [Amadis.] Heroic romance. Bernardo Tasso (1493-1569).

Founded on the story of Amadis de Gaul. "But that to which he [Tasso] owed most of his reputation is an heroic romance on the story of Amadis, written about 1540, and first published in 1560. L'Amadigi is of prodigious length, containing 100 cantos, and about 57,000 lines."-Hallam.

Amadis de Gaul. [Sp. Amadis de Gaula.] Romance of chivalry. Vasco de Lobeira (1403).

The Portuguese original, which is not extant, was the work of Vasco de Lobeira. It was translated into Spanish by Montalvo, between 1492 and 1504. A French version by

Amyas Leigh. Novel. Charles Kingsley (1819-1875).

The full title is Westward Ho! or, the Voyages and Adventures of Sir Amyas Leigh, Knight.

Anabasis. [Gr. 'Aváßaois. Literally, "a going up."] Xenophon (444?-355 ? B. C.)

History of the expedition (up from the coast) of the younger Cyrus against his brother Artaxerxes, king of Persia, and of the retreat of the ten thousand Greeks.

Anabasis Alexandri. [Gr. 'Aváßaois 'Aλžávdoov.] History of the Asiatic expedition of Alexander the Great. Arrian (90-170 ?).

Contains events in the life of Alexander from the death of King Philip (B. c 336) to the death of Alexander at Babylon (B.c.323). Anacharsis, Voyage du Jeune, en Grèce. Travels of Anacharsis the Younger in Greece. Jean Jacques Barthélemy (1716-1795).

It was long regarded by many as an authority in matters relating to the history, manners, and customs of the Greeks, and was for many years used as a text-book in English schools.

Anacreon, Odes of. Translations. Thomas Moore (1779-1852).

Moore is sometimes called "Anacreon Moore."

Also Anacreontics by Abraham Cowley, and by others.

Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature. Joseph Butler (1692-1752).

Analysis of Beauty. William Hogarth (1697-1764).

Translated into the principal languages of Europe. The leading principle of the work is that the curve since known as Hogarth's line of beauty is the foundation of all beauty.

Analyst, The. Philosophical treatise. George Berkeley (1684-1753).

Entitled The Analyst, or a Discourse addressed to an Infidel Mathematician.

Anarchy, Masque of. See MASQUE OF ANARCHY.

Anastasius, or Memoirs of a Modern Greek. Romance. Thomas Hope (1770 ?1831).

Published anonymously, and at first attributed to Lord Byron.

Anatomy of Abuses. Philip Stubbes. Published in 1583. George Saville, Marquis of Halifax, wrote a political tract entitled Anatomy of an Equivalent, and John Donne a poem called Anatomy of the World.

Anatomy of Melancholy. Robert Burton (1576-1640).

Anatomy of Melancholy: what it is, with all the kinds, causes, symptomes, prognosticks, and severall cures of it. In three maine partitions, with their severall sections, members, and subsections. Philosophically, medicinally, historically opened and cut up. By Democritus Junior.

Said to have been written to divert the author from melancholy. Dr. Johnson spoke of it as the "only book that ever took him out of bed two hours sooner than he wished to rise."

Thomas Warton wrote a poem called the Pleasures of Melancholy, and Edmund Gregory a work entitled the Anatomy of Christian Melancholy.

Ancient Mariner, Rime of the. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834).

Ancient Régime. Novel. G. P. R James (1801-1860).