ANCIENTS

Ancients and Moderns. See PARALLÈLE DES ANCIENS ET DES MOD

ERNES.

Ancren Riwle. [Anchoresses' Rule.] Prose work treating of the duties of monastic life. Unknown.

Attributed to one Simon, Bishop of Salisbury, who died in 1315, and to a certain Bishop Poor, who died in 1237.

And are ye sure the news is true?" See MARINER'S WIFE.

"And is this Yarrow - This the Stream." First line of YARROW VISITED, a poem by William Wordsworth (1770-1850).

André. Romance. A.L.A. D. Dudevant, George Sand (1804-1876).

Andrea of Hungary. Drama. Walter Savage Landor (1775-1864).

Andria. [The Maid of Andros.] Comedy. Terence (194?-159? B. C.)

Andromache. [Gr. Ανδρομάχη.] Tragedy. Euripides (480-406 B. C.)

Andromaque. [Andromache.] Tragedy. Jean Racine (1639-1699).

"He took his fable from Euripides, but changed it according to the requisitions of the French theatre and of French manners." Hallam.

Andromeda. Poem. Charles Kingsley (1819-1875).

Angel in the House. Poem. Coventry Patmore (b. 1823).

Angel of the World. Arabian tale. George Croly (1780-1860).

Angel World. Poem. Philip J. Bailey (b. 1816).

The Angel World is now incorporated with Festus, q. v.

Angelic Wisdom [concerning Divine Providence]. Emanuel Swedenborg (1689-1772).

Angelic Wisdom [concerning Divine Love and Wisdom]. Emanuel Swedenborg (1689-1772).

Angelica Innamorata. Vincenzo Brusantini (died about 1570).

A sequel to Ariosto's Orlando Furioso. See CHARLEMAGNE CYCLE OF ROMANCES. Angibault, Miller of. See MEUNIER D'ANGIBAULT.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Historical

records.

Brought down to the year 1154. Said to have been begun by Plegmund (under King Alfred), and to have been kept up by additions from the monasterial records. The earlier part is mainly a compilation from Bede's Ecclesiastical History.

Animal Kingdom. See REGNUM ANIMALE, and also REGNE ANIMAL.

Animali Parlanti. [Speaking animals.] Poetical satire. Giambattista Casti (1721-1803).

Animated Nature. Oliver Goldsmith (1724-1778).

Entitled A History of the Earth and Animated Nature.

Animula, vagula, blandula. Hadrian's address to his soul. Begins:

Animula, vagula, blandula,
Hospes comesque corporis."

The best known translations are Byron's, beginning:

"Ah! gentle, fleeting, wav'ring sprite," and Pope's, beginning:

"Ah, fleeting spirit! wandering fire." See also Pope's ode which begins:

"Vital spark of heavenly flame." Annabel Lee. Poem. Edgar A. Poe (1811-1849).

Annales. [Annals.] Historical work. Tacitus (50 ?-after 117 ).

Among other writers of Annals are Ennius and Livy.

Annals of a Quiet Neighbourhood. Work of fiction. George MacDonald (b. 1824).

Annals of the Parish. Tale of Scottish life. John Galt (1779-1839).

Annals of the Poor. Leigh Richmond (1772-1827).

Including the narratives of The Dairyman's Daughter, The Negro Servant, and The Young Cottager.

Anne Boleyn. Dramatic poem. Henry Hart Milman (1791-1868).

Also the title of a tragedy by George H. Boker, and the subject of an opera (Anna Bolena) by Donizetti.

Anne Hathaway. Poem. Unknown. This poem has been attributed to Shakespeare.

Anne of Geierstein. Novel. Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).

Historical novel relating to the union of Louis XI. of France with the Swiss against Charles the Bold.

Annus Mirabilis. [Year of wonders.] Poem. John Dryden (1631-1701).

The first number was published in 1797, and the avowed purpose of the work was to expose the vicious doctrines of the French revolution and to ridicule their advocates in England. The Anti-Jacobin originated with George Canning and was edited by William Gifford. John Hookham Frere and George Ellis were among the contributors.

Antiquary, The. Novel. Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).

A story of the last ten years of the eighteenth century.

Antiquities of the Jews. [Gr. Ἰουδαϊκή Αρχαιολογία.] History. Flavius Josephus (38?-100?).

Extends from the creation of the world to the year A. D. 66.

Anton Reiser. Psychological romance. Karl P. Moritz (1757-1793).

Antonia. A. L. A. D. Dudevant, George Sand (1804-1876).

Antonina. Novel. Wilkie Collins (b. 1824).

Antonio and Mellida. Play. John Marston (after 1633).

Antonio's Revenge is a second part. Antonio e Cleopatra. See CLEO

PATRA.

Antonio Foscarini. Tragedy. Giovanni Battista Niccolini (1785-1861).

Antony and Cleopatra. Tragedy. Shakespeare (1564-1616).

Antony. Drama. Alexandre Dumas (b. 1803).

Anweisung zum seligen Leben. [Way to a Blessed Life.] Philosophical treatise. J. G. Fichte (1762-1814).

Api, Le. See BEES, THE.

Apocalypse, The. [The Revelation.] Ascribed to St. John (- about 100).

Apocrypha. [Literally, things hidden or concealed, from Gr. àяóκoupos.]

The name given to certain books not admitted into the canon of the Scripture, and the date and authorship of which are unknown.

Apologia pro Vitâ Suâ. John Henry Newman (b. 1801).

Apologie for Poetrie. See DEFENCE OF POESIE. Poem. Charles

Apology, The. Churchill (1731-1746).

Apology for Actors. Thomas Heywood (Eliz.-Chas. I.)

Apology for Christianity. Richard Watson (1737-1816).

Apology for Smectymnuus. Polemic. John Milton (1608-1674).

See SMECTYMNUUS.

Apology for the True Christian Divinity as... held. by the... Quakers. Robert Barclay (1648-1690).

Apology of Socrates. [Gr. 'Anoλoyia Zwkpárovs, Lat. Apologia Socratis.] Dialogue. Plato (428-347 B. C.)

"Two charges were brought against Socrates, one, that he did not believe in the gods received by the state, the other, that he corrupted the Athenian youth by teaching them not to believe. Plato, who was present at the trial, probably gives us the very arguments employed by the accused on that occasion."-Cary.

An Apology of Socrates is also ascribed to Xenophon (444?-355? B. C.)

Apostles' Creed. Anciently ascribed to the apostles themselves.

It is given in the writings of St. Ambrose in the fourth century.

Apostolical Canons. [Lat. Canones Apostolica.] Notes of ecclesiastical customs held to be apostolical. Unknown.

Ascribed by tradition to Clemens Romanus, but probably composed not earlier than the middle of the 5th century. They were translated from Greek into Latin by Dionysius the Younger.

Apostolical Constitutions. [Lat. Constitutiones Apostolicæ.] Notes of ecclesiastical customs held to be apostolical. Unknown.

Ascribed by tradition to Clemens Romanus, but probably composed in Syria about the end of the third century.

APPARITION

Apparition of Mrs. Veal. Fictitious narrative. Daniel DeFoe (1663-1731).

Appius and Virginia. Drama. John Webster (17th c.)

Arabella, Adventures of See FEMALE QUIXOTE.

Arabian Nights Entertainments. [Also called Thousand and One Nights.] A collection of Oriental tales.

The author of the original Arabic work and the period at which it was composed are both unknown. It was introduced into Europe from Syria, where it was obtained in the latter part of the 17th century by Antoine Galland, a French traveller, and by him first translated and published. The first edition was issued at Pâris in 12 duodecimo volumes between 1704 and 1717.

Poem.

Araspes und Panthea. Christoph Martin Wieland (1733-1813). Araucana. Epic poem. Alonzo de Ercilla y Zuñiga (1533-1595?).

Written on scraps of paper and even on bits of leather during an active campaign against the tribe of Araucanians who had revolted against the Spaniards in Chili.

"Nay, was not the Araucana which Spain acknowledges as its Epic, written without even the aid of paper; on scraps of leather, as the stout fighter and voyager snatched any moment from that wild warfare?"— Carlyle.

Arbuthnot, Epistle to Dr. See EPISTLE TO DR. ARBUTHNOT.

Arcades. Poem. John Milton (16081674).

Arcadia. Romance. Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586).

Originally published under the title of The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia, so called in compliment to his sister.

Other well-known representations of ideal communities, political and social, are Plato's Republic, Sir Thomas More's Utopia, and Lord Bacon's New Atlantis.

Arcadia. Italian pastoral fable in prose and verse. Jacopo Sannazaro (14581530).

The Arcadia, however, is about equally divided between prose and verse, the principal intention of the author, as appears from his own words, being to write a series of eclogues; and he seems to have intermixed the prose relations merely in order to connect them."-Dunlop.

Arcadia. Pastoral heroic poem. Felix Lope de Vega Carpio (1562-1635).

A mixture of prose and verse, romance and poetry, heroic and pastoral. The design is avowedly taken from the Arcadia of San

nazaro.

Arden of Feversham. Tragedy. Unknown.

This play, printed in 1592, has sometimes been attributed to Shakespeare, and was translated as such into German by Tieck. Arden of Feversham. Tragedy. George Lillo (1693-1739).

Ardinghello. Romance. Johann Jakob Wilhelm Heinse (1746-1803).

Areopagitica: a Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing. John Milton (1608-1674).

Argalus and Parthenia. Francis Quarles (1592-1644).

Also the title of a play by Henry Glapthorne (time of Chas. 1.)

Argenis. Politico-allegorical romance. John Barclay (1582-1621).

"That the state of France in the last years of Henry III. is partially shadowed in it, can admit of no doubt; several characters are faintly veiled, either by anagram or Greek translation of their names; but... Barclay has mingled so much of mere fiction with his story, that no attempts at a regular key to the whole work can be successful, nor in fact does the fable of this romance run in any parallel stream with real events."- Hallam.

Argonautica. [Gr. 'Aoyovavriká.] Heroic poem on the Argonautic expedition. Apollonius Rhodius (fl. 222-188 B. C.)

Argonautica. Heroic poem on the Argonautic expedition. Caius Valerius Flaccus (-88?).

In imitation of that bearing the same name by Apollonius Rhodius. An Argonautica is also ascribed to Orpheus.

Ariane. Tragedy. Thomas Corneille (1625-1709).

Aristipp und einige seiner Zeitgenossen. [Aristippus and some of his Contemporaries.] Christoph Martin Wieland (1733-1813).

Aristodemo. [Aristodemus.] Tragedy. Vincenzo Monti (1754-1828).

Aristomène. [Aristomenes.] Tragedy. Jean François Marmontel (1723-1799). Aristophanes' Apology. Poem. Robert Browning (b. 1812).

Entitled Aristophanes' Apology: including a transcript from Euripides, being the last adventure of Balaustion.

Arraignment of Paris. Drama. George Peele (1552 ?-1598 ?).

Ars Amatoria, or De Arte Amandi. [Art of Love.] Erotic poem. Ovid (B. C. 43-A. D. 18).

Ars Critica. Exegetical treatise. Jean Leclerc (1657-1736).

Ars Generalis, or Ars Magna. [The General Art or the Great Art.] Philosophical treatise. Raymond Lully (12341315).

Commonly called Ars Lulli, or Ars Magna Lulli. The work attempts to give a formal arrangement of all ideas, with a view not only to systematize knowledge, but to facilitate instruction.

"Some, like Raymond Lully, set about inventing an instrument of reasoning to serve in place of the understanding." Taine, Trans.

Ars Magna. See ARS GENERALIS. Ars Poetica. Art of Poetry. Epistle to the Pisos. Horace (65-8 B. C.)

Marco Girolamo Vida (1480?-1566) wrote a didactic poem entitled De Arte Poetica (On the Art of Poetry).

Art of Love. See ARS AMATORIA. Art of Poetry. See ARS POETICA, and also ART POÉTIQUE, L'.

Art of Preserving Health. Didactic poem. John Armstrong (1709-1779). Art of Sinking in Poetry. See BATHOS.

Art Poétique, L.'. [Art of Poetry.] Didactic poem. Nicolas Boileau Des

préaux (1636-1711).

Artamène, ou le Grand Cvrus. Romance. Madeleine de Scudéri (16071701).

Artegal and Elidure. Poem. William Wordsworth (1770-1850).

Artémire. Tragedy. Voltaire (16941778).

Arthur Mervyn. Novel. Charles Brockden Brown (1771-1810).

Arthurian poems and romances. The origin of the romances of the Round Table is involved in great obscurity. The Historia Britonum of Geoffrey of Monmouth and other old chronicles gave accounts of Arthur from which sprang a cycle of romances put into shape in French by Robert de Borron from the Latin of Walter Mapes.

See MORTE D'ARTHUR, IDYLLS OF THE KING, SANGREAL, MERLIN, TRISTAN, LANCELOT, PARZIVAL, TITUREL, etc.

Dryden wrote an opera entitled King Arthur with music by Purcell, Sir Richard Blackmore an epic poem called Prince Arthur, and Bulwer (Lord Lytton) Prince Arthur, a poem.

"As it fell upon a day." Song. Richard Barnfield. Published as Shakespeare's in The Passionate Pilgrim (1599).

"This song, often attributed to Shakespeare, is now confidently assigned to Barnfield; it is found in his collection of Poems in Divers Humours, published in 1598."— Bartlett's Familiar Quotations.

"It also appeared in England's Helicon, 1600, signed Ignoto.' Perhaps it was Barnefield's, hardly Shakespeare's. From Whilst as fickle Fortune smil'd,' &c., is found only in The Passionate Pilgrim." Richard Grant White.

--

ASSEMBLY

she gave a series of splendid entertainments, and the leisure hours between them were employed in speculative discussions on the subject of love.

Assembly of Foules. Poem. Geof frey Chaucer (1328-1400).

Also entitled The Parlement of Foules, and The Parlement of Briddes.

Assignation, The, or Love in a Nunnery. Comedy. John Dryden (16311701).

The Assignation is also the title of a comedy by Sophia Lee (1750-1824).

"Assist us, Lord, to act, to be." Hymn. Henry More (1614-1687).

Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold, The." Lord Byron (1788-1824).

First line of The Destruction of Sennacherib, one of the Hebrew Melodies.

Astoria. Washington Irving (17831859).

Entitled Astoria, or Anecdotes of an Enterprise beyond the Rocky Mountains. He was assisted in this work by his nephew, Pierre M. Irving.

Astræa Redux. [Astræa returned.] Poem on the restoration of Charles II. John Dryden (1631-1701).

Astrée. Romance. Honoré d'Urfé (1567-1625).

"The period of the action of this celebrated work is feigned to be the end of the fifth or beginning of the sixth century, and the scene the banks of the Lignon."-Dunlop.

"It contains about 5500 pages. It would be almost as discreditable to have read such a book through at present, as it was to be ignorant of it in the age of Louis XIII.” — Hallam.

Astrophel. Edmund Spenser (1553 ?

1599).

A pastoral elegy upon the death of Sir Philip Sidney.

Astrophel and Stella. Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586).

A series of amatory poems in which the author celebrates the praises of Penelope Devereux, to whom he was once betrothed.

"At midnight in his guarded tent." First line of MARCO BOZZARIS, a poem by Fitz-Greene Halleck (17901867).

"At the close of the day, when the hamlet is still." First line of THE HERMIT, a poem by James Beattie (1735-1803).

Atala. Romance. François René de Châteaubriand (1768-1848).

A novel of Indian life in America.

Atalanta in Calydon. Tragedy. Algernon C. Swinburne (b. 1843).

Athalie. Tragedy. Jean Racine (1639-1699).

Racine's last play, and usually considered his best, though it was coldly received at the time.

Athanasian Creed. Anonymous.

Formerly ascribed to St. Athanasius (d. 373), but generally admitted, at the present day, to have first appeared in a later age than his, in the Western church, and in the Latin language. It has been attributed to Vigilius Tapsensis, an African bishop, who lived in the latter part of the 5th century; but most recent writers assign it to Hilary, bishop of Arles, in Gaul, who flourished about 430.

Atheist's Tragedy. Play. Cyril Tourneur (fl. about 1600).

Athenæ Oxonienses. Biographical sketches of graduates of Oxford University. Anthony à Wood (1632-1695).

Athenaid, The. Poem. Richard Glover (1712-1785).

This poem is a sequel to Leonidas. Athenian Captive. Tragedy. Thomas Noon Talfourd (1795-1854).

Athenian Letters. Imaginary epistles. Charles (1722-1770) and Philip Yorke.

The secondary title of the work is Correspondence of an Agent of the King of Persia residing at Athens.

Atherton. Tale. Mary Russell Mitford (1786-1855).

Atlantis, The New. See NEW AT

LANTIS.

Atrée. Tragedy. Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon (1674-1762).

Atta Troll. Poem. Heinrich Heine (1799-1856).

Attic Nights. See NOCTES ATTICĂ. Attic Philosopher in Paris. [Le Philosophe sous les Toits.] Novel. Émile Souvestre (1806-1854).

Attila. Drama. Friedrich L. Z. Werner (1768-1823).

Also the title of an epic poem by William Herbert (1778-1847), of a drama by Corneille, and of a novel by G. P. R. James (1801-1860).

Atys. Poem. Caius Valerius Catullus (87-47? B. C.)