large copper smithy, viz. the shears for cutting the copper, the powerful engine for drawing it into wires, the heavy cylinders for rolling it into large plates, and the battering hammers for hollowing these out into basons, pans, and other utensils; to the machinery of a brass house, of a calamine calcinery, and of various other works. At Hawarden is a large iron-foundry, and in the neighbourhood are some considerable potteries. Chief Towns. Rivers, &c. Holywell............8,309......Near the Dee. Hawarden.........5,059(P)... Near the new channel of the Dee. St. ASAPH, C......2,294... (P) Clwyd. 1. Flint ...............1,612......Dee. VI. 2. ANGLESEY. 45,063. The Island of Anglesey is separated from Caernarvon by Menai Strait. The aspect of this county is rugged, barren, and full of rocky eminences; that part which borders on the Menai Strait is finely wooded. Anglesey is rich in minerals of various kinds. Copper ore is found within a few yards of the surface; it forms a connected mass or bed, in some parts sixty feet thick, and constitutes a large portion of the Parys Mountain. Lead ore is found here, and coal is obtained at Malltraeth. Quarries producing green marble, called Mona marble, and others affording mill-stones, are open on the island. Pembrokeshire is bounded on three sides by the sea, on the east it has Caermarthenshire. This county is diversified by alternate hills and dales, but none of the hills are of very great elevation; Percelly mountain, south-east of Newport, is the highest, being 1754 feet above the level of the sea. The black cattle of Pembrokeshire are of a superior kind, and a considerable quantity of butter is made for exportation; but the state of agriculture in this county is very defective, and, notwithstanding its great extent of coast, and numerous natural harbours, it has very little commerce, and but few manufactures. Chief Towns. Rivers, &c. 1. *Haverfordwest....4,055......Daugleddy. ST. DAVID'S, C... 2,240(P)........ Milford Haven is considered as the best harbour in Great Britain; a packet boat sails every day from this port, on the arrival of the mail, for Waterford in Ireland. Tenby is a fashionable bathingplace. II. 2. CAERMARTHENSHIRE. 90,239. Caermarthenshire is bounded on the west by Pembroke. shire, and on the south by Bristol Channel. The surface of this county is in general unequal; the hills have a black and dreary aspect, but the vallies, the principal of which is the vale of Towey, have a rich and picturesque appearance. This county contains limestone, lead, coal and iron: at Caermarthen is an iron foundry and a tin-plate manufactory; the exports are coals, oak bark, corn, cattle, tinned iron plates, lead, and worsted stockings. 1. *Caermarthen.......8,906...... Towey. Llaugharne ......1,391...... Cowen and Tave. Newcastle in Emlyn.................Teify. III. 2. GLAMORGANSHIRE. 101,737. Glamorganshire is bounded on the north by Brecknockshire, east by Monmouthshire, and on the south by Bristol Channel. The southern district of this county, called the vale of Glamorgan, is one of the most fertile spots in Wales; the north and north-east parts are mountainous; some of the mountains are barren and rocky, others are covered with wood, and many afford pasturage for sheep and cattle. Glamorganshire abounds in ironstone, coals, and limestone; it also contains some lead and copper ore. The principal iron-works are at Merthyr Tydvil, Aberdar, and the vales of Neath and Swansea: at the two latter places the greater proportion of all the copper in the kingdom is smelted. In the neighbourhoods of Neath and Llandaff there is an extensive tin-work. This county also contains manufactories of earthen-ware, woollen goods, soap, &c. Chief Towns. Rivers, &c. Merthyr Tydvil 17,404(P)... Taafe, and Cardiff canal. Chief Towns. Rivers, &c. Swansea............10,255......Swansea Bay and canal. Neath............... 2,823......Neath river, and canal. 1. Cardiff.... ...................................... 3,521......Mouth of the Severn, and canal. Llantrissent...... 2,585......On a hill of lead ore. Caerphilly...... .......Between the Taafe and Rumney. *Cowbridge....... 1,107...... Vale of Glamorgan. IV. 2. BRECKNOCKSHIRE. 43,613. Brecknockshire is bounded on the south by Glamorganshire and Monmouthshire, and on the east by Herefordshire. This county is intersected by two long ranges of mountains on the north and south: besides these there are several detached mountains, the highest of which is the Vann or Brecknock Beacon, being 2862 feet above the level of the sea. About a third of this county is entirely waste and unfit for cultivation; it contains copper, lead, abundance of iron, and great quantities of coal and limestone. Iron works are established at Llannelli on the Brecon and Newport canal; this canal was completed in the year 1811. Chief Towns. 1. *Brecknock, or Rivers, &c. Brecon....4,193......Honddy and Uske. Hay ..............................................1,649......Wye. Llanelli..............2,962...... Brecon canal. Radnorshire is bounded on the east by Herefordshire, and on the south and south-west by Brecknockshire from which it is separated by the Wye. This county is extremely mountainous and bleak: the north-western angle is a barren desert, and almost impassable. The eastern 1 and southern parts are tolerably level and productive, as are likewise the vallies, especially the vale of Wye-side, and the vale of Radnor. Radnorshire feeds a great number of sheep, and is noted for its wool, but contains no manufactures. Chief Towns. Rivers, &c. *Presteigne.......1,941......Lug. Knighton..........1,191......Teme. Rhayadergywy... 647...... Wye. 1. New Radnor...... 426......Somergill. VI. 2. CARDIGANSHIRE. 57,784. Cardiganshire is situated on Cardigan Bay, between Caermarthenshire and Merionethshire. Cardiganshire is a mountainous county, interspersed with plains and mosses: numerous flocks of sheep are fed on the mountains, and herds of cattle pasture in the narrow vallies; the staple commodities are cattle, sheep, and wool. There are many valuable mines in Cardiganshire, which afford silver, lead, and copper; but from the scarcity of fuel, they cannot be very profitably worked. Rivers, &c. Chief Towns. Aberystwith......3,556...... Ystwith and Rheidiol. 1. *Cardigan............2,397......Teivi. Llanarth............2,119(P).... Llanbeder......... 937...... Teivi. MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS, HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL. I. GOVERNMENT OF ENGLAND. The government of England is of a chical, Aristocratical, and Democratical. by the King, the Aristocracy by the mixed nature, viz. MonarThe Monarchy is represented House of Lords, and the |