of taste reigned in the furniture and appearance of their CHAP. VI. houses. On one side you might see gold and silver in heaps, on the other "a shocking dirtiness." And then he adds', "It was enough for a dealer in the commodities of luxury and fashion to remain two or three years at Petersburg, to gain a competency for the rest of his life; even though he should have begun the world there with goods upon credit." Instances of this kind, during the period of the Author's residence in Russia, might be cited, as having happened both in Petersburg and in Moscow.

(5) Memoirs of Russia, p. 248.

CHAP. XVII.

(Addition to CHAP. XVII. p. 403. line 4.
introduced in the Second Edition.).

Hereabouts, upon a neck of land caused by the great
marsh or lake of Temrook and a long bay formed by the
Euxine, at the distance of eighteen versts from the Ruins
of Phanagoria, stood a monument, composed of two statues
and a pedestal, with a most interesting inscription, recorded
by the ingenious Koehler. The monument was raised by
Comosarya, a queen of the Bosporus, in consequence of a
vow she had made to the Deities ANERGES and ASTARA.
The inscription has been communicated to me, with the
learned Koehler's commentary, since the publication of the
former edition of this volume'.

ΚΟΜΟΣΑΡΤΗ ΓΟΡΓΙΠΠΟΥ ΘΥΓΑΤΗΡΠΑΙΡΙΣΑΔΟΥΣΓ. ΝΗΕΥΞΑΜΕΝΗ
ΑΝΕΘΗΚΕΙΣΧΥΡΩΙΘΕΙΩΙΣΑΝΕΡΓΕΙΚΑΙΑΣΤΑΡΑΙΑΡΧΟΝΤΟΣΠΑΙΡΙΣΑΔΟΥΣ

ΒΟΣΠΟΡΟΥ ΚΑΙΘΕΥΔΟΣΙΗΣΚΑΙΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΟΝΤΟΣ . . . . ΩΝΚΑΙΜΑΝΤΩΝΠΑ
ΚΑΙ ΘΑΤΕΩΝ

History does not mention Comosarya; but we know
from the inscription that she was daughter of Gorgippus,
and wife of Pærisades, probably Pærisades I. who was son
of Leucon, and succeeded his brother Spartocus III. in
the fourth year of Olympiad cvII. According to Diodorus',
this Pærisades reigned thirty-eight years.
It appears, from
a learned dissertation of M. Boze, that Pærisades, Satyrus,
and

(1) By CHARLES KELSAL, Esq. of Trinity College, Cambridge, who pursued the Author's route, during his travels in this country, with unabated zeal, and enterprise only subdued by the sacrifice of his health.

(2) Lib. xvi. cap. 52.

and Gorgippus, are the tyrants of the Bosporus alluded to by CHAP. XVII. the orator Dinarchus', when he reproaches Demosthenes with having caused bronze statues to be erected in honour of those sovereigns, in the public square at Athens. This, and the preceding marble, tend to confirm what we read in Strabo1, Diodorus, and Lucian, that, from the time of Spartocus I. to Asander, who was invested with the regal authority by Augustus, the government of the Bosporus was partly republican; for Pærisades is styled Archon of the Bosporus, and the chief magistrate is termed Hegemon by Strabo, and Ethnarchus by Lucian.

The deities Anerges and Astara are Syro-Chaldaïc. Anerges is probably the same as the deity Nergel, or Nergal, mentioned in Scripture, the Moloch of the Ammonites, the Remphah of the Egyptians, and Hyperion of the Greeks. Astara is the Chaldaïc and Phoenician Astaroth, the Alilat of the Arabs, the Isis of the Egyptians, the Syrian deity mentioned by Lucian, and the Atergatis, Astartè, and Selènè, of the Greeks.

It was, then, to the two great luminaries of heaven that Comosarya dedicated her monument, probably to implore them to grant her fruitfulness in marriage.

(4) Lib. xi. pag. 758.

(3) Demosthen. Orat. pag. 34. ed. Reiske.

(5) Lib. xx. cap. 22.

(6) In Macrob. cap. xvii. p. 123.

(7) 4 Kings, xvii. 30.

(8) It is observable that ΣXYPNI is in the singular number, which is an error in the engraver of the marble: and for OATEN Koehler proposes OATEPON.

Seven

CHAP. XVII.

(Addition to CHAP. XVII. p. 412. line 4. introduced
in the Second Edition.)

Seven other Inscriptions, found near this church, and among the Ruins of Phanagoria, have been since made known to the Author, by the liberal communication of a Traveller, whose name has been inserted in a former page'. On account of their importance in illustrating the obscure annals of the Bosporian history, they will find a place here, together with the observations made upon them by the learned Professor Koehler, whose remarks upon the Inscription discovered upon the borders of the Lake of Temrook have been already introduced. The first of these occurred upon the pedestal of a statue of Venus, in the garden of the church at Taman :

ΔΙΜΟΥ ΘΥΓΑΤΗΡΣ..P.. ΚΟΥΔΕ ΓΥΝΗΑΝΕ

ΡΟΔΙΤΗ ΕΥΞΑΜΕΝΗΑΡΧΟΝΤΟΣΣΠΑΡΤΟΚΟΥΤΟΥΕΥΜ
ΚΑΙ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΟΝΤΟΣ

The first line is defective; and cannot be restored, unless,
by further discovery, we can ascertain the genealogy of the
wife of Spartocus, who here probably commemorates a statue
she caused to be erected to Venus. It should be observed,
that Spartocus is the name of this king, and not IIAPTAKOL,
as written by Diodorus.

The second was also upon the pedestal of a statue of Venus at Taman. We copied the same inscription, although it was omitted in the former edition of this volume.

ΑΡΙΣΤΙΩΝΑΡΙΣ

ΤΟΦΩΝΤΟΣ ΑΦΡΟΔΙΤΗΙ

This,

. (1) CHARLES KELSAL, Esq.

This, as well as the two subsequent inscriptions, tends to CHAP. XVII. shew that Venus was held in great veneration in the Bos

porian territory.

A third was found upon the pedestal of another statue of Venus at Taman :

ΑΝΕΘΗΚΕΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΟΝΤΟΣΣΠΑΡΤΟΚΟΥΤΟΥ ΕΥΜΗΛΟΥ

A fourth was observed in the garden of the church at Taman :

ΛΕΥΣΣΑΥΡΟΜΑ

ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣΤΩΝΣΕΡ... Δ

ΠΕΡΙΝΑΙΟΥΣΣΤΟΑ...ΩΜ

ΘΗΡΙΜΕΝΑΣΕΚΘΕ...ΙΟΝΔΙΕΓΕΙΡΑΣ...
ΔΕΙΤΗΙΑΠΑΤΟΥΡΙΑΔΙΚΑΘΕΙΕΡΩΣΕΤ.
...ΤΟΥ ΕΠΙΤΩΝΙΕΡΩΝ,ΕΝΤΩ. Β

The above, which is very defective, relates to the temple of
Venus Apaturias: this king Sauromates had caused to be
repaired. It is to this temple Strabo alludes, when he says,
(lib. xi.) that on entering the Bay of Corocondama, there
appears, to the left, a temple dedicated to Venus Apaturias.
He adds, that in the city of Phanagoria there was another
temple to the same Deity.

Upon the pedestal of a statue at Taman was also the following :

ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΑΚΑΙΣΑΡΑΕ.ΟΥΛΙΟ

ΣΕΒΑΣΤ....ΝΠΑΣΗΣΓΗΣΚΑΙ..

...ΘΑΛΑΣΣΗΣΑ..ΟΝΤΑ

ΤΟΝΕΛΥΤΗΣΣΩΤΗΡ........ΕΤΗ,

ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΑ ΔΥΓ..