SECT. 1. They ftand for abstract ideas, as other general names. 2. First, the ideas they ftand for, are 4. How this is done. 5. Evidently arbitrary, in that the 8. Whereof the intranflatable words 10, 11. In mixed modes, it is the name that ties the combination together, and makes it a species. 12. For the originals of mixed modes, we look no farther than the mind, which alfo fhews them to be the workmanship of the understanding. 13. Their being made by the underftanding, without patterns, fhews the reason why they are fo compounded. 14. Names of mixed modes ftand al- 16. Reason of my being fo large on SECT. 5. Caufes of their imperfection. 7. Secondly, because they have no 8. Propriety not a fufficient remedy. 9. The way of learning these names contributes alfo to their doubtfulnefs. 10. Hence unavoidable obfcurity in ancient authors. 11. Names of substances, of doubtful fignification. 12. Names of substances referred, first, to real effences, that cannot be known. 13, 14. Secondly, to co-exifting qualities, which are known but imperfectly. 15. With this imperfection they may ferve for civil, but not well for philofophical ufe. 16. Inftance, liquor of the nerves. 18. The names of fimple ideas, the 19. And next to them, fimple modes. 20. The most doubtful, are the names of very compounded mixed modes and fubftances. 21. Why this imperfection charged upon words. 22, 23. This fhould teach us moderation in impofing our own sense of old authors. and justice. 13. And ought not to pafs for learning. 16. This makes errors lasting. 18. V. g. putting them for the real 19. Hence we think every change of our idea in fubftances, not to change the fpecies. 20. The caufe of this abufe, a fuppofition of nature's working always regularly. 21. This abuse contains two falfe fuppofitions. 22. Sixthly, a fuppofition that words have a certain and evident fignification. 23. The ends of language: first, to convey our ideas.. 24. Secondly, to do it with quickness.. 25. Thirdly, therewith to convey the knowledge of things. 26-31. How men's words fail in all these. 32. How in fubstances. 33. How in modes and relations.. CHA P. XI. Of the remedies of the foregoing imperfections and abuses.. SECT. 1. They are worth feeking. SECT. 5. Obftinacy. 6. And wrangling. 7. Inftance, bat and bird. 8. First remedy, to ufe no word without an idea. 9. Secondly, to have diftinct ideas annexed to them in modes. 10. And diftinct and conformable in fubftances. 1. Thirdly, propriety. 12. Fourthly, to make known their 13. And that three ways. 16. Morality capable of demonstration.. 18. And is the only way. 19. Thirdly, in fubftances, by fhewing and defining. 20, 21. Ideas of the leading qualities of substances, are best got by fhewing. BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE CHA P. I. Of knowledge in general. 1. Our knowledge converfant about our ideas. 2. Knowledge is the perception. of 22. The ideas of their powers, beft by definition. 23. A reflection on the knowledge of fpirits. 24. Ideas alfo of fubftances must be conformable to things.. 25. Not eafy to be made fo.. 26. Fifthly, by constancy in their fignification.. 27. When the variation is to be exe plained. IV.. AND OPINION. 1. First, no farther than we have ideas. 2. Secondly, no farther than we can perceive their agreement or difagreement. 3. Thirdly, intuitive knowledge extends itself not to all the relations of all our ideas. 4. Fourthly, not demonftrative knowledge. 5. Fifthly, fenfitive knowledge, narrower than either. 6. Sixthly, our knowledge, therefore, narrower than our ideas. 7. How far our knowledge reaches. 8. First, our knowledge of identity and diverfity, as far as our ideas. 9. Secondly, of co-existence, a very little way. 10. Because the connection between moft fimple ideas is unknown. 11. Especially of fecondary qualities. 12-14. And farther, because all connection between any fecondary and primary qualities is undiscoverable. SECT. 15. Of repugnancy to co-exift, larger. 16. Of the co-existence of powers, a very little way. 17. Of fpirits yet narrower. 18. Thirdly, of other relations, it is not easy to say how far. Morality capable of demonstration. 19. Two things have made moral ideas thought incapable of demonftration. Their complexednefs and want of fenfible representations. 20. Remedies of thofe difficulties. 21. Fourthly, of real existence; we have an intuitive knowledge of our own, demonftrative of God's, fenfitive of fome few other things. 22. Our ignorance great. 23. First, one caufe of it, want of ideas, either fuch as we have no conception of, or fuch as particularly we have not. 24. Because of their remotenefs, or, 28. Secondly, want of a difcoverable connection, between ideas we have. 29. Inftances. 30. Thirdly, want of tracing our ideas. 31. Extent in refpect of univerfality. SECT. 4. No propofition can be known to be true, where the effence of cach fpecies mentioned, is not known. 5. This more particularly concerns fubftances. 6. The truth of few universal propofitions concerning fubftances, is to be known. 7. Because co-existence of ideas in few. cases is to be known. Inftance in gold. 8, 9. 10. As far as any fuch co-existence can be known, so far univerfal propofitions may be certain. But this will go but a little way, becaufe, 11, 12. The qualities, which make our complex ideas of substances, depend mostly on external, remote,. and unperceived causes. 13. Judgment may reach farther, but that is not knowledge. 14. What is requifite for our know- 15. Whilft our ideas of fubftances con- SECT. CHA P. VII Of maxims.. 1. They are felf-evident. 2. Wherein that felf-evidence confifts.. 3. Self-evidence not peculiar to re-ceived axioms. 4. First, as to identity and diverfity, all propofitions are equally felfevident. 5. Secondly, in co-existence, we have few felf-evident propofitions. 6. Thirdly, in other relations we may. have. 7. Fourthly, concerning real exif-tence, we have none. 8. Thefe axioms do not much in fluence our other knowledge. Because they are not the truths. the first known. 9. 10. Becaufe on them the other parts of our knowledge do not depend. 11. What: |