west bounds of the said County, which is to be 35 miles from the sea and no more."* Directions were then given for laying out Counties beyond 35 miles from the sea. Subsequently, another County was laid out on the sea coast, extending from Combahee to Savannah river, and was called Granville. The Counties were divided into Parishes by Acts of the General Assembly, Nov. 4, 1704, and Nov. 30, 1706, and their bounds defined by an Act Dec. 18, 1708.

*Instructions from the Lords Proprietors to Governor Ludwell, November 8, 1691

E

CHAPTER II.

St. Philip's Church-Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts-Missionary Instructions, and Missionaries-Extraordinary measures relating to an established Church-Dissentions, and Appeal to England.

THE first Episcopal Church in Carolina was built in Charles-Town, about 1681 or 2.* But little of it is known. It was "large and stately," and was surrounded by a neat white palisade. Mrs. Blake, wife of the Governor, subsequently contributed liberally towards its adornment.

* Dr. Ramsay states it to have been about 1690. Neither date is certain; but we prefer the earlier period for several reasons. The model of the Town contained the site of the Church. The first effective settlement of the Colony was made under the immediate direction of the Lords Proprietors, who had declared, in the XCVI Art. of the Fundamental Constitutions, that the Parliament should build Churches, provide for the maintenance of Divines of "the Church of England; which being the only true and orthodox, and the national religion of all the King's dominions, is so also of Carolina." See page 4 It would be unreasonable to suppose that Episcopalians remained twenty years in Carolina without a Church. Originall Jackson, and Meliscent his wife, executed a deed of gift, January 14, 1680-1, which states that, "being excited with a pious zeal for the propagation of the true Christian Religion which we profess, have for and in consideration of Divine Service (according to the form and Liturgy of the Church of England now established) to be duly and solemnly done and performed by Atkin Williamson, Cleric, his heirs and assigns for ever, in our Church, or House of Worship to be erected, and built upon our piece, or parcel of ground," &c. have granted four acres of land, with the improvements thereon. The locality of this place is not so described as to be now known. Whether it had reference to Charles-Town, or some other part of the Colony, cannot now be ascertained. Mr. Jackson was in possession of some land on Cooper, then called Wando river, August 3, 1672. There were no settlements out of town in 1680, sufficiently large to afford a congregation; the plantations were thinly scattered and the inhabitants few. There is no record of any Episcopal Church out of town, before 1703, nor of the Episcopal service being performed beyond its limits before 1700. See page 32.

/.32.

It was built of black cypress upon a brick foundation, at the S. E. corner of Broad and Meeting-streets; the site originally designed for it in the model of the town. It was usually called the English Church, or the Church of England, but its distinctive name was "St. Philip." The Journals of the Church are lost, but the name is ascertained by a deed of sale, June 11, 1697, conveying a lot of land on Broad-street, adjoining the Church, "to the Right Honorable Proprietor Joseph Blake, Governor, and his successors, in trust, and for the use of St. Philip's Church, for a yard thereunto forever." It was purchased, pursuant to an order of the General Assembly, and cost £10 sterling. In the early settlement of the town, there was a burying ground, west of Archdale-street, for the general use of the inhabitants.

It was not until November 4, 1704, that Parishes were established by law, when Charles-Town, and Charles-Town Neck, constituted the Parish of St. Philip's.

The Church having begun to decay, and being too small for the increasing population of the town, an Act of Assembly was passed, March 1, 1710-11, for building a new Church of brick. This was erected in Church-street, and is the present St. Philip's Church. The old wooden Church was taken down in 1727. The town was divided into two Parishes, by an Act of Assembly, June 14, 1751. All south of the middle of Broad-street was formed into a separate Parish, called St. Michael's, and its Church was built upon the spot on which the old St. Philip's stood.*

*It appears from a deed of gift from William Elliott, dated July 18, 1699, that the Baptist Church was not built until after that period. It states "that the said William Elliott, as well for and in consideration of the brotherly love which he hath for, and doth bear unto the people of the Church of Christ, baptised on profession of faith, distinguished from all others by the name of Antipodobaptists, of which Church he professeth himself a member, as to promote and encourage so good and pious a work as the building a place for the said people to meet and worship," &c. And in a deed of sale, dated Jan. 20, 1701, the bounds of a lot are stated to be "to the northward upon the Baptist Meeting House." The In

The first settlers were of different religious opinions. Some had been educated in the Church of England, while others dissented from its worship, and belonged to other communions. They all, however, retained some respect for religion, and lived in civility and decency. But the restraints of religion soon grow weak unless regularly enforced, particularly in new settlements. This appears to have been the case in Carolina; for among the earliest records of the Province, we find the following in the Journals of the Grand Council, August 24, 1672: "Forasmuch as divers persons in this Province, have of their own accords presumed to retail strong drink, thereby maintaining drunkenness, and idleness, and quarreling, to the great scandal of Christianity, the Grand Council do therefore think fit to declare and order, that whatsoever person or persons shall hereafter presume to retail any strong drink, or keep a tipling house in this Province, without license first had, such person or persons shall suffer such pains or penalties as are appointed in divers statutes made in England touching the same." And" an Act for the observation of the Lord's Day ;" and another "for the suppressing of idle, drunken and swearing persons inhabiting within this Province," were passed by the General Assembly, May 26, 1682.

Great Britain being at war with France, the English in Carolina felt strong prejudices against the natives of that country. The Huguenots had fled from persecution and death at home, and sought an asylum amidst the woods and swamps of Carolina. But here they were treated as aliens and denied the liberty of subjects. Memorials were presented to the Governor, setting forth the reasons which ought to exclude the

dependent, or Congregational Church, was built about 1690. The Calvinistic Church of French Protestants, was built before 1693, and the Quaker Meeting House about 1696. Governor Archdale, a Quaker, promoted the building. He arrived in August, 1695, and published his commission on the 17th of that month. His commission was dated August 30, 1694. The Presbyterian Church was built in 1731, and the Lutheran Church of German Protestants, in 1759.

French from a seat in the General Assembly; and many other occurrences took place, injurious to their feelings and interests. The Grand Council on the 21st of June, 1692, "ordered, that for the better observation of the Lords Day, commonly called Sunday, no person be permitted to be haunting of punch houses, or tipling houses, during the time of Divine Service; and that if any shall be so found tipling or drunk, they shall be imprisoned for twenty-four hours by any Justice of the Peace, who shall be informed of the same on oath, and the constables are required to be careful to see this Ordinance duly executed. And it is further ordered, that the French Ministers, and Officers of their Church, be advised, that they begin their divine exercise at 9 o'clock in the morning, and about 2 in the afternoon, of which they are to take due notice and pay obedience thereunto." The French complained to the Proprietors, who ordered them to be redressed, in their "Instructions to the Governor and Deputies, at Ashley River, in South-Carolina, dated, London, April 10, 1693."

"The French have complained to us, that they are threatened to have their estates taken from their children after their death, because they are aliens. Now many of them have bought the land they enjoy of us; and if their estates are forfeited they escheat to us, and God forbid that we should take the advantage of the forfeiture, nor do we so intend, and therefore, have sent our Declaration under our hands and seals to that purpose, which we will, shall be registered in the Secretary's and Register's Office, that it may remain upon record in Carolina, and be obliging to our heirs, successors and assigns. They also complain that they are required to begin their Divine Worship at the same time that the English do, which is inconvenient to them, in regard that several of their congregation living out of the town, are forced to come and go by water, and for the convenience of such, they begin their