do it with speed, for he was not well, and 'twould endanger his Health to sit up. So they presently chose Mr. Seabrook, and presented him to the Governour; who approv'd of the Choice.

The next Day the House met, the Speaker in the Chair, and the Members were call'd upon to qualify themselves: Six did, and three more were ready to do it, and Debates arising about Qualifying, the House adjourn'd.

The House meeting again, a Report was, as 'tis said, industriously spread, that the Members had forfeited 50l. a Man for adjourning before they were qualify'd. Mr. How and Mr. Wiggington attended in their Places, and offer'd to qualify themselves; but Mr. Bornwell coming with a Message, the House waited on the Governour; who spoke to this Purpose:

Gentlemen,

You are building on a wrong Foundation, and then the Superstructure will never stand; for you have dissolv'd your selves by adjourning, before there was a competent Number of Members to adjourn, and I cannot dissolve you if I would, you not being a House. All this I know very well, as being my self many Years a Member of the House of Commons in England; and therefore as I am Head, I would advise you to go back no more to the House, but go every Man about his own Business: For if you should persist in settling and making Laws, besides incurring the Penalties of the Act, the Laws would be of no force, etc.

The Speaker refus'd to return to the Chair, and the Members dispers'd. The Governour and Council disowning the Assembly, Mr. Wiggington declar'd, 'Twas his Opinion the House was dissolv'd. But their Dissolution was aggravated, by the Pleasure the Government took in making them Felo de se, their own Murderers.1

Then another Assembly was call'd, the Choice of which was carry'd on with greater Violence than the former. Job

The journal prior to January 31, 1704/5, has been lost, but if the above statement is correct the General Assembly which met on the 2nd was dissolved after several days, new writs were issued, a new election was held, and the new House met before January 31st-all with a haste that was not duplicated on any other occasion in the history of the province, so far as is shown by authentic records.

How, Esq; was chosen Speaker, and the Members for the most Part qualify'd themselves according to the Qualifying Act. The Faction had not then heard of the Proceedings against them in England, which indeed were not come to a Conclusion. They continu'd their Irregularities as if they were the most innocent Men in the Province, and the only true Patriots. They pass'd an Act for their Continuance two Years after the Death of the present Governour, or the Succession of a new one: The Reason is told us in the Preamble, "Whereas the Church of England has of late been so happily establish'd among them, fearing by the Succession of a new Governour, the Church may be either undermin'd, or wholly subverted, to prevent that Calamity befalling them, be it enacted," etc. Mr. Job How, Speaker of the Assembly, dying some time after, Col. William Rhett was chosen in his Place. But what has been since done in these Affairs, we know not more than in general, that the two Acts have been repeal'd, and the Party who drove things on with such Fury, have entirely lost their Credit, and that the Proprietaries are oblig'd to them for the cause now depending; wherein if they are cast, the Government of the Province will be forfeited to the Crown. They may thank themselves for it, or at least their late Palatine the Lord Granville; for since the foregoing Pages were written, that Lord dy'd.

How things may be manag'd now, is not difficult to be foreseen, from the good Intelligence between the Persons we have just mention'd; and the Fall of this Faction is a terrible Example to all Colonies, not to let any Prejudice or Passion hurry them on to do things which they cannot answer to their Superiours in England.

'Tis not yet known who will be Palatine of this Province, there being some Disputes in the Succession. 'Tis suppos'd the Lord Craven will succeed the late Lord Granville, who assign'd his Propriety to the Duke of Beaufort.

The Scots settled here, under the Lord Cardross, but were soon forc'd to abandon their Settlements, as has been elsewhere hinted. Port Royal River lies 20 Leagues from Ashley River, to the South, in 31 Degrees, 45 Minutes, North Latitude. It has a bold Entrance, 17 Foot low Water on the Bar. The Harbour is large, commodious, and safe for Shipping, and runs into a fine fruitful Country, preferable to the other Parts of Carolina. It spends its self, by various Branches, into other large Rivers. This Port is not 200 Miles from Augustino, and would be a great Curb to the Spaniards there, where their Settlement is not very considerable.

Next to it is the River of May, and then San Matteo; which is the last of any Note in the English Florida, a Name this Province highly deserves.

The Air of this Country is healthy, and Soil fruitful,' of a sandy Mould, which near the Sea appears ten times more barren than it proves to be. There's a vast Quantity of Vines in many Parts on the Coasts, bearing abundance of Grapes, where one would wonder they should get Nourishment. Within Land the Soil is more mix'd with a blackish Mould, and its Foundation generally Clay, good for Bricks.

Its Products are the chief Trade of the Inhabitants, who send it abroad, according as the Market offers; and 'tis in demand in America or Europe. But the Chief Commerce from hence is to Jamaica, Barbadoes, and the Leward Islands. Yet their Trade to England is very much encreas'd; for notwithstanding all the Discouragements the People lie under, seventeen Ships came last Year, laden from Carolina, with Rice, Skins, Pitch, and Tar, in the Virginia Fleet, besides stragling Ships.

Its principal Commodities are Provisions, as Beef, Pork, Corn, Pease, Butter, Tallow, Hides, Tann'd Leather, Hogshead and Barrel Staves, Hoops, Cotton, Silk; besides what they send for England. Their Timber Trees, Fruit Trees, Plants, and Animals, are much the same with those in Virginia; in which History may be seen a large Account of them: But

1 "Arch., p. 8." (Note in original. See p. 288, supra.)

and four in South, Craven, Berkley, Colliton, and Cartarett Counties.1

The first is Albemarle County, to the North, bordering on Virginia. 'Tis water'd by Albemarle River; and in this Part of the Country lies the Island Roanoke, where Philip Amidas and Arthur Barlow, whom Sir Walter Rawleigh sent to Virginia, landed. This County may be said to belong to Virginia, as New England, etc., did, which justifies King Charles's Grant. When Carolina was first settled, Albemarle was more planted than any of the other Counties, and consisted of near 300 Families. But the Plantations upon Ashley River in time grew upon it so much, that most of the Planters here remov'd thither. This River is full of Creeks on both Sides of it, which for Breadth deserve the Name of Rivers, but they do not run far into the Country. At Sandy Point, it divides it self into two Branches, Noratoke and Notaway; and in the North Point lives an Indian Nation, call'd the Mataromogs. Next to Albemarle is Pantegoe River; between them is Cape Hattoras, mention'd in the History of Virginia. Next to it is Neuse River. The Coranines, an Indian Nation, inhabit the Country about Cape Look out.

Next to Albemarle is Clarendon County; in which is the famous Promontary, call'd Cape Fear, at the Mouth of Clarendon River, call'd also Cape Fear River. Hereabouts, a Colony from Barbadoes formerly settled. The Indians in this Neighbourhood are reckon'd the most barbarous of any in the Province. The next River is nam'd Waterey River, or Winyann, about 25 Leagues distant from Ashley River: 'Tis capable of receiving large Ships, but inferior to Port Royal, nor is yet inhabited. There's another small River between this and Clarendon River call'd Wingon River, and a little Settlement honour'd with the Name of Charles Town, but so thinly inhabited, that 'tis not worth taking Notice of. We come now to South Carolina, which is parted from North by Zantee River. The adjacent Country is call'd,

1"Des. of Car., p. 6." (Note in original. See p. 288, supra.) The name of Carteret County was changed to Granville after Archdale's time as governor. The Cape Fear River was called the Charles at the time of the settlement of the Barbadian colony thereon. The Wateree River is a branch of the Santee. Winyah Bay indents the coast just above the mouth of the Santee. There is no

Craven County; it is pretty well inhabited by English and French; of the latter there's a Settlement' on Zantee River, and they were very instrumental in the irregular Election of the Unsteady Assembly. The next River to Zantee is Sewee River; 2 where some Families from New England settled: And in the Year 1706, the French landing there, they were vigorously oppos'd by this little Colony; who beat off the Invaders, having forc'd them to leave many of their Companions dead behind them. This County sends 10 Members to the Assembly. We now enter

3

Berkley County, passing still from North to South. The Northern Parts of this Shire are not planted, but the Southern are thick of Plantations, on Account of the two great Rivers, Cooper and Ashley. On the North Coast there's a little River call'd Bowal River; which, with a Creek, forms an Islands, and off the Coasts are several Isles, nam'd the Hunting-Islands, and Sillivant's Isle. Between the latter and Bowal River, is a Ridge of Hills; which, from the Nature of the Soil, is call'd the Sand-Hills. The River Wando waters the North-West Parts of this County, and has several good Plantations upon it, as Col. Daniel's on the South Side, and Col. Dearsby's lower down on the North. It runs into Cooper River, near the latter, and they both unite their Streams with Ashley River at Charles Town. The late Assembly enacted, "That a Church should be built on the South-East of Wando River, and another upon the Neck of Land, lying on the NorthWest of Wando," but we do not see that this Act was obey'd.*

Charles Town, the Capital of this Province, is built on a such river as the Wingon between Winyah and North Carolina. Two rivers run into Winyah Bay from that territory: the Peedee and the Waccamaw. There was no Charles Town then in Carolina other than that between the Ashley and Cooper rivers. The Barbadian settlement on the Cape Fear had been called by that name, but it had been abandoned before the Ashley River settlement was effected.

1 On this French settlement, James Town, see Mr. H. A. M. Smith in The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, IX. 220–227.

2 Seewee is not a river, but a bay.

3 There is no river in that quarter and there are no such sandhills as are here described. All of the coastal islands just to the northward of Charleston are sandy and the wind piles this sand into dunes, but there are no hills near that

coast.

Churches were built in both parishes about that time.