(695) Gen. xxvii. 27, 28. ́ (696) Ebal, sometimes written Gebal, is upon the north; and Gerizim, or Garizim, upon the south. The streets of Napolose run parallel to the latter; which overlooks the town. Vid. Joseph. lib. v. Antiq. c. 9.) "And it shall come to pass, when the Lord thy God hath brought thee in unto the land whither thou goest to possess it, that thou shalt put the blessing upon Mount Gerizim, and the curse upon Ebal." [Deut. xi. 29.] Also, in the record of the covenant, [Deut. xxvii.^5.] the peo ple are directed to build an altar of whole stones upon Mount Ebal. "And Moses charged the people [ibid. v. 11,] the same day, saying These shall stand upon Mount Gerizim, to bless the people" "and [ibid. v. 13,] these shall stand upon Mount Ebal, to curse." (See also Josh. viii. 33. The Samaritans have now a place of worship upon Mount Gerizim. [See Maundrell, Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 59.] Reland [tom. II. p. 1006. tom. 1. p. 344. Traj. Bat. 1714,] wrote the name of this mountain both Garizim and Gerizim. The Samaritans according to Phocas, believed, that upon Mount Gerizim, which stands upon the right hand of a person facing the east, Abraham prepared the sacrifice of his son Isaac. Ων τὸ δεξιώτερον υπάρχει τὸ ὄρος ἐν ᾧ οἱ Σαμαρεῖς λέγετο χρηματίσαι τῷ ̓Αβραὰμ τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ τὴν θυσίαν ζητῆσαι τὸ Ἰσαάκ, "In dexteriore montium, (Samaritanorum ea traditio est,) Deus Abrahamo responsum dedit, et Isaacum in sacrificium petüt." Pho cae. Desc. Terr. Sanct. c. 13. Col. 1653. (697) See Maundrell's Journey, &c. p. 62. Oxf. 1721. (698) "At about one third of an hour from Naploss, we came to Jacob's Well." Ibid. (699) Chap. iv. 5. (700) Genesis xxxiii. 19. (701) "And he erected there an altar, and called it [El-Elohe-Israel,] GOD, THE GOD OF ISRAEL." Ibid. v. 20. (702) See p. 63, Journey from Aleppo, &c. (703) Ibid. (704) Gen. xxviii. 19. (705) "At the bottom of the hill it has a plentiful fountain of excellent water, from which it has its name. At its upper side are remains of an old church, built by Empress Helena, in memory of the blessed Virgin, who, when she was in quest of the child Jesus, as it is related, (Luke fi. 24,) came, (as tradition adds,) to this city," Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 64. Oxf. 1721. (706) 1 Sam. xiii. 16, 23. xiv. 5. This position of Michmash by Maundrell by no means agrees with the situation assigned to it by Reland, (Palaest. Illust. tom. II. p. 897. Traj. Bat. 1714,) upon the authority of Eusebius: "Est vicus grandis 9 mill. ab Ælia, (Hierosolyma,) prope Rama, teste Eusebio." (707) "Leaving Beer, &c. in two hours and one third, we came to the top of a hill; from whence we had the first prospect of Jerusalem. In one hour more, we approached the walls of the Holy City." Journey. from Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 66. Oxf, 1721. (708) At the same time it should be confessed, that there is no other point of view where Jerusalem is seen to so much advantage. In the, celebrated prospect from the Mount of Olives, the city lies too low; is too near the eye; and has too much the character of a bird's-eye view. It has all the formality of a plan or topographical survey. (709) Ἡ δὲ ἁγία πόλις κεῖται μέσον διαφόρων φαράγγων, καὶ βενῶν, καὶ ἐστὶ τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ θεωρεμενον θαυμαστὸν, ἐν ταύτῃ γὰρ ὑπερανεστηκυῖα ὁρᾶται ἡ πόλις καὶ χθαμαλὴ· πρὸς γὰρ τὴν τῆς Ἰεδαίας χώραν ἐστὶν ὑπερκειμένη, πρὸς δὲ τὰ ἐχόμενα ταύτης Υπόλογα χθαμαλίζεται. "Sancta civitas variis vallibus et montibus circumsepitur, nec admaratione caret, quod in ea spectatur; eodem enim temporis momento, et supereminens et depressa apparet: namque si Judææ oram inspexeris, supereminet; si colles illi adhærentes, com planatur." Phocae Desc. Terr. Sanct. c. 14. Colan, 1653. (710) Thursday, July the 9th. (711) Travels in Greece, Palestine, &c. vol. II. p. 88. Lond. 1811. (712) "As they led him away, they laid hold upon one Simon Cyrenian, coming out of the country." Luke xxiii. 26. (713) Chateaubriand's Travels, vol. II. p. 2. London, 1811. (714) Eusebius, Epiphanius, Hieronymus, &c. (715) See particularly the Dissertation of D'Auville, in the Appen dix to Mons. Chateaubriand's interesting account of his Travels, vol. II. p. 309, of the edition by Frederick Schoberl. London, 1811. (716) "The accurate Thevenot," says Mr. Gibbon, [Hist. vol. III, p. 14. London, 1807.] WALKED, in one hour and three quarters, ́ round two of the sides of the triangle," &c. He is speaking of Constan tinople. Assuredly, Thevenot never set foot in the country. 1811. (717) See De Chateaubriand's Travels, vol, H. p. 3. Note 2. Lond. In vallem Egeria descendimus, et speluncas See Sandys' Travels, p. 161. London, 1637. (720) Those who remember seeing the late inimitable actor, Palmer, sen. of Drury-Lane Theatre, as the Friar in Mr. Lewis' drama of "The Castle Spectre," may form a correct idea of the figures presented by these monks, both as to the dress they wear, and their personal appear ance." (721) Dr. Shaw visited Jerusalem in 1722. (722) Perhaps for sale among the Mahometans; who will make any sacrifice to obtain drams of this nature. (723) "If, in the course of our travelling, "We chanced to find A new repast, or an untasted spring, We bless'd our stars, and thought it luxury. "This is the method of travelling in these countries; and these are its pleasures and amusements. Few, indeed, in comparison with the many toils and fatigues; fewer still with regard to the greater perils and dangers that either continually alarm, or actually beset us." Shaw's Trawels, Pref. p. xvii. London, 1757. (724) "Le Roy se reserve aussi le revenu qui provient des mines de sel, et d'une herbe qu'ils boivent avec de l'eau chaude, dont il se vend une grande quantite dans toutes les villes, ce qui produit de grandes sommes M On l'appelle Sah; et c'est un arbrisseau qui a plus de feuilles que le grenadier, et dont l'odeur est un peu plus agreable, mais qui a quelque amertume. On fait bouillir de l'eau, on la verse sur cette feuille et cette boisson les guerit de toutes sortes de maux." (Anciennes Relations de deux Voyageurs Mahometans, &c. p. 31. Paris, 1718.] Easebius Renaudot, the learned French translator of the original Arabic manuscript of these Travels, in the Notes which he added to the Work, proves the plant here mentioned to have been the Tea Tree, called Chah by the Chinese, and by other Oriental nations Tcha Cataii, or Sini; the Tcha of Catai, or of China. (Ibid. p. 222.) "Notre auteur," says he, "est le plus ancien, et presque le suel des Arabes qui ait parle de la boisson Chinoise, si commune presentement dans toute l'Europe, et connue sous le nom de The." (725) They have since made a similar application to Mons. De Chateaubriand; and it appears, from his narrative, that they hold nearly the same language to all comers. "They thought themselves saved," says he, "by the presence of one single Frenchman." (See Travels, vol. I. p 387. London, 1811.) They had paid the Turkish Governor, the preceding year, 60,000 piastres; nor has there ever yet been an instance of their having refused to comply with his demands. Still Mons. De Chateaubriand maintains that they are “very poor." Admitting the injustice of the robberies committed upon them by the Turks, the mere fact of the booty so often obtained affords proof to the contrary. We believ ed them to be very rich. The attention and hospitality we experienced in this Convent demand the fullest acknowledgment. Whether their situation with regard to Djezzar Pacha, or the services we rendered them, by our remonstrances with the Governor, caused them to refuse any remuneration from us, we did not learn. We could not prevail upon them to accept of payment for our board and lodging. Yet while we acknowledge this bounty, we should deem a statement of their poverty unjustifiable, knowing it to be false. (726) Such a quantity of them is sometimes sent to Spain, Portugal, and other countries, that it is sufficient for the entire freight of a vessel. (727) The Turks call a string of ninety-nine beads, TESPY. This number of beads corresponds with their names of the Deity. Hamid Ali, a late Vizier, wore one of pearl, valued at 3001, sterling. See Dallaway's Constantinople, p. 84. (728) See" Greek Marbles," p. 78, 79. Camb. 1809. See also the Necklace worn by Isis, as engraved in Cuper's Harpocrates, p. 109. Utrecht, 1687. (729) It was an ancient symbol of Astarte, the Syrian Goddess, as Ve nus Pelagia (vaduquén;) but as the appropriate cognizance of a pilgrim's hat, is beautifully commemorated in the well-known ditty, "And how should 1 thy true-love know "From any other one?" "O, by his cockle-hat and staff, (730) "Chaux carbonatee fetide," Hauy. meth, tom. II p 58. "Swinestone," Kirwan. tom. I. p. 567. Spathum frictione fætidum," cr "Pierre puante, La. "Stinkstein," Brochant, Waller, tom. I. p. 148. (731) Brochant Mineralog. tom. I. p. 568. Paris, 1808, &c. (732) See Rome de Lisle, Cristallog. tom. I. p. 574. (733) Mons. De Chateaubriand, whose work contains much illustration of this curious subject, after showing that the Church of the Holy Sepulchre may possibly be referred to a period long anterior to the age of Helena, maintains, upon the evidence of a Letter written by the Emperor Constantine to Macarius bishop of Jerusalem, preserved by Eusebius, and upon the testimonies of Cyril, Theodoret, and the Itinerary here cited, that its existence, as far back as the time of Constantine, cannot be disputed. See Travels in Greece, Palaestine, &c. vol. II. p. 19. Lond. 1811. (734) Doubdan, from Le Sponde, mentions the year of Adrian's life when this happened; it was the last but one, A. D. 137. Adrian died A. D. 138. De Chateaubriand quotes the Author of the "Epitome of the Holy Wars," to prove that," forty-six years after the destruction of Jerusalem by Vespasian and Titus, the Christians obtained permission of Adrian to build, or rather to rebuild, a church over the tomb of their God." (See Travels in Greece, Palaestine, &c. vol. II. p. 18 Lond. 1811.) This can hardly be true, consistently with the facts related by Sozomen, (lib. ii. c. 2.) and by Jerom, (Epist. ad Paulinum) concerning the profanation of the holy places by that Emperor. (735) "Ab Hadriani temporibus, usque ad Imperium Constantini, per annos circiter centum octoginta, in Loco Resurrectionis SIMULACRUM Jovis, in crucis rupe STATUA EX MARMORE VENERIS a Gentilibus posita colebatur; existimantibus persecutionis auctoribus, quod tollerent nobis fidem Resurrectionis et Crucis, si loca sancta per idola polluissent." Hieronymus Epist. ad Paulinum; de Instit. Monac. c. 2. tom. I. See also Sozomen. Hist. lib. i. c. 1.) Sozomen relates, that the Heathens surrounded Mount Calvary with a wall, first covering the holy places with stones; then erecting a temple of Venus; and, lastly, placing in it the image of the goddess. Dio Cassius [in Vit. Hodrian.] says, that Adrian built a city upon the site of Jerusalem, which had been ruined, giving it the name of Ælia Capitolina; and that in the place where the temple of God had been, he erected one to Jupiter. (736) Theodoret, lib. i. cap. 18. Paris, 1642. This Greek Father also mentions the age of Helena, at the time she visited Palaestine. The journey took place a short time before her death, when she had attained her eightieth year. Few octogenarian ladies exhibit equal enterprise. (737) See the observations in the last chapter concerning the Sepulchres of Samaria. (738) Matth. xxvii. 60. Mark xv. 46. Luke xxiii. 53. John xix. 41. (739) Matthew xxvii. 60. (740) Ibid. v. 66. "So they went and made the sepulohre sure, sealing the stone." (741) Elucid. Terr. Sanct tom. II. p. 529. Antverp, 1639. (742) According to some, however, the stone belonging to the mouth of the Sepulchre is preserved elsewhere; and this is said to be a part of the tomb, placed to receive the kisses of the pilgrims. (743) Shaw's Travels, page 264. London, 1757. (744) These objections are not new; they were urged long ago; and Quaresmius undertook to answer them. The reader may be amused by the style in which he opens his refutation, “Audivi nonnullos nebulones Occidentales hæreticos detrahentes iis quæ dicuntur de Jam memorato sacratissimo Domini nostri Jesu Christi Sepulchro, et nallius momenti ratiunculis negantes illud vere esse in quo positum fuit corpus Jesu," &c. &c. [Vide cap. 14, lib. v. Elucid. T. S.] This chapter is entitled "OBJECTIONES NONNULLAE QUIBUS IMPUGNATUR VERITAS SANCTISSIMI SEPULCHRI." In the next [chapter xv.] he un dertakes to refute the objections made by Gulielmus de Baldensel; and these are precisely the same now urged by the Author. "Monumentum Christi," says G. de Baldensel, "erat excisum in petra viva, &c. illud vero ex petris pluribus est compositum, de novo conglutinato cemento." Quaresimius says, this objection applied only to the external covering of the Sepulchre; but this is not true. (745) See Sandys' Travels, page 163. London, 1637. Doubdan Voyage de la T. S. page 71. Paris, 1657, &c. &c. (746) These designs were first cut for Cotovicus, in brass; and re-engraved, on the same metal, for Sandys. (747) " Another time he was telling of an old sign-post that belong. ed to his father, with nails and timber enough to build sixteen large men of war." Tale of the Tub. See Swifts' Works, vol. I. p. 79. Edinb. 1761. (748) The Jews, being tortured, by the doting old Empress and her priests, to make known, three hundred years after the Crucifixion, the situation of our Saviour's cross, contrived at last to produce three crosses. This caused a woful dilemma, as it was not easy to ascertain which of those three belonged to our Saviour. Macarius, bishop of Jerusalem, soon decided this point, by touching the body of a woman who had "an incurable disorder," with these crosses. Her miraculous cure made known "the true cross." 99 See Sandys, p. 169. Lond. 1637. (749) Plutarch. in Thes. (750) See Reland, Palaest. Illust. tom. II. pp. 845, 846, et seq. Traj. Bat. 1714. (751) "Torrent hic est vero nomine, quum æstivo tempore flamen esse desinat, et vallis nomen habeat, adeoque sicco pede transeatur." Relandi Pal. Illust. tom. I. p. 294. lib. i cap. 45. (752) Perhaps Sandys alludes to them in his brief notice of “divere Sepulchres," &c. following his description of ACELDAMA. See p. 187. Lond. 1637. (753) Micah iii. 12. (754) That is to say, "where Christ did eate his last supper; where also, after his resurrection, the doores being shut, he appeared to his Apostles, when they received the Holy Ghost; where Peter converted three thousand; and where, as they say also, they held the first Councell, in which the Apostles' Creed was decreed." See Sandys' Travels, pr 185. Lond. 1637. (755) Shaw's Travels, p. 263. Lond. 1757. (756) In the writings of the Prophets, frequent allusions occur to similar places of sepulture: thus Isaiah xiv. 15. 18. Ezekiel xxxii. 20, &c. (757) Shaw's Travels, p. 263. Lond. 1757. (758) Vide cap. vii. ("de forma et qualitate veterum Sepulchrorum," Elueid. T. S. Quaresmii, tom. II. p. 127. Antu. 1659. (759) John xix. 41. (760) John xix. 35. |