geris erectis, sæpius deundatis; racemis subfastigiatis; pedicellis serundis brevibus; floribus hexapetalis hexagynis; petalis lanceolatis ; calycibus acutis.

N. B. The squamæ at the base of the germ are wanting in this species, which, with the S. ochroleucum of Dr. Smith, and the S. altissimum of M. Poiret, ought in an artificial system, to form a separate genus from Sedum in the Class Dodecandria; both their habit and inflorescence keeping them very distinct from Sempervium.

(473) Almost all the writers, who have given an account of the Holy Wars, mention this fountain: it served as a place of rendezvous for the armies belonging to the Kings of Jerusalem, particularly during the reign of Almerick and Baldwin the Fourth. Vid. Gesta Dei per Francos, in Histor. W. Tyr. lib. xx. c. 27. lib. xxii. c. 15, 19, 25. Hanov. 1611. William of Tyre speaks of it as between Sephoury and Nazareth: "Convocatis Regni principibus, juxta fontem illum celeberrimum, qui inter Nazareth et Sephorim est."

(474) Nearer to Jerusalem, the ancient sandal is worn, exactly as it appears on Grecian statues.

(475) See the very interesting Travels of the Chevalier D'Arviex, as written by M. de la Roque, and published at Paris in 1717. D'Arvieux was made French Consul in Syria in 1682. His account of the Arabs exhibits a faithful picture of their manners, and bears the strongest internal evidence of truth. The particular circumstance to which allusion is here made is related in the 26th page of the edition cited.

(476) We afterwards found a very different line of conduct observed by the Monks of the Holy Sepulchre, who refused, and doubtless with very good reason, to admit any of our party after a visit to Bethlehem, where the plague was vehement.

(477) The Author knew a Mahometan of high rank, who, when his wife was attacked by the plague, attended her, with impunity, until she died. He would not suffer any of his slaves to approach her person; but gave her food and medicines with his own hands; and, in the hour of death, impressed a parting kiss upon her lips, as he wept over her. In a similar state of indifference as to the consequences of his temerity, the celebrated Dr. White, physician to our army and navy, when in Egypt, resided in the Plague Hospital at Grand Cairo, and escaped, until he actually inoculated himself with the purulent virus of the disorder.

(479) "Nagaper, scribit Epiphanius, olim oppidum erat, nune vicus, xn. Lib. i. adversus Haresus, p. 122. notatque p. 136. ante tempora Josephi [usque ad imperiam Constantini Senioris] nullis praeter Judaeos illic habitare licuisse." Reland. Palæstina, in verb Nazareth.

« Phocas appellat eam κωμόπολιν, sic ut ακμής, et πόλεως vici et urbis certo pespectu nomen mereatur." Ibid. See also Wm. of Tyre, lib. xxiii. c. 26.

(480) John, ch. i.

(481) Gen. ch. xxiv. 17.

(482) He often copies Jacobus de Vitriaco, word for word. Marines Sanutus began the Secreta Fidelium Crusis in 1506. Jac. de Vitriaco was bishop of Ptolemais, and died in May, 1240. "De fonte Sephoritano dilecte matri [Jesus] portaret aquam; fons auters in fine civitatis est; ibi dicitur puer JESUS semel, vase fictili fracto, aquam portasse in

gremio matri suæ." Marin. Sanut. secret. Fidel. Cruc. lib. ii. pars vii. cap. 2.

(483) See Chapter XI. of this volume.

(484) Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem, page 113. Oxford, 1721. (485) Travels through Europe, Asia, &c. volume II. page 17. London 1759.

(486) Luke i. 28.

(487) Travels through Europe, Asia, &c. volume II. page 17. London, 1759.

(488) "The great church, built over the house of Joseph, is mentioned by the writers of the seventh and twelfth century." Pococke's Description of the East, vol II part. 1. p. 63. Lond. 1745.

(489) "Pietro de la Valle, in the 13th Letter of his Travels, is of opinion, that the subterraneous chapel of Nazareth was part of the vault of the Church of the Holy Virgin; and afterwards turned, by the Christians, into a chapel, in order to preserve a remembrance of the place." Egmont and Heyman's Travels, vol. II. p. 20.

(490) "VERA IMAGO SALVATORIS NOSTRI DOMINI JESU CHRISTI, AD REGEM ABGARUM MISSA" [Egmont and Heyman's Travels, vol. II. p. 19.] I do not recollect seeing this picture, although I have seen copies of it. There is an expression of countenance, and a set of features, common to almost all the representations of our Saviour, with which every one is acquainted, although we know not whence they were derived: nor would the subject have been mentioned, but to state further, that the famous picture by Carlo Dolci bears no resemblance to these features; nor to the ordinary appearance presented by the natives of Syria. Carlo Dolci seems to have borrowed his notions for that pic ture from the spurious Letter of Publius Lentulus to the Roman Senate, which is so interesting, that, while we believe it to be false, we perhaps wish that it was true.

"There appeared in these our days, a man of great virtue, named` JESUS CHRIST, who is yet living among us; and of the Gentiles, is accepted for a Prophet of Truth; but his own Disciples call him the Son of God. He raiseth the dead, and cureth all manner of diseases. A man of stature, somewhat tall and comely, with a very reverend countenance, such as the beholders may both love and fear; his hair, the colour of a filbert, full ripe, to his ears, whence downwards it is more orient of colour, somewhat curling or waving about his shoulders; in the midst of his head is a seam, or partition of his hair, after the manner of the Nazarites; his forehead plain and delicate; his face without spot or wrinkle, beautified with a comely red; his nose and mouth exactly formed; his beard thick, the colour of his hair, not of any great length, but forked; his look innocent; his eyes grey, clear and quick; in reproving, awful; in admonishing, courteous; in speaking, very modest and wise; in proportion of body, well shaped. None have ever seen him laugh, but many have seen him weep. A man, for his beauty, surpassing the children of men."

(491) Luke iv. 16.

(492) "And all they in the synagogue, when they heard these things, were filled with wrath, and rose up, and thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill whercon their city was built,

that they might cast him down headlong. But he, passing through the midst of them, went his way." Luke iv. 28, 29, 30.

(493) While the Author was engaged in making the following transcript of the Papal Certificate, the Greeks and Catholics, who were of the party, busied themselves in breaking off pieces of the stone as reliques.

"Tradictio continua est, et nunquam interrupta, apud omnes nationes Orientales, hanc petram, dictam MENSA CHRISTI, illam ipsam esse supra quam Dominus noster Jesus Christus cum suis comedit Discipulis, ante et post suam resurrectionem a mortuis.

"Et sancta Romana Ecclesia INDULGENTIAM concessit septem annorum et totidem quadragenarum, omnibus Christi fidelibus hunc sanctum locum visitantibus, recitando saltem ibi unum Pater, et Ave, dummodo sit in statue gratie."

(494) Ventenat.
(495) Lina.

(496) Linn. et Dill.

66

(496) "Kaya, Cotne in versione Syriaca." Reland. Palestina Nlustrata. The striking evidence concerning the disputed situation of this place, as it is contained in the words of the request made by the ruler of Capernaum to our Saviour, when he besought him to heal his son, only proves how accurately the writings of the Evangelists correspond with the geography and present appearance of the country. He supplicates Jesus, who was then at Cana, "that he would come down, and heal his son." [John iv. 47.] "Ut descendat, et veniat CaperDaum; unde judicari potest," observes the learned Reland, Capernaum in inferiori regione sitam fuisse quam Canam. Erat autem Capernaum ad mare." How singularly this is confirmed by the extraordinary features of this part of Syria, will appear in the description given of our journey from Cana towards the Sea of Galilee. In the 51st verse of the same chapter of St. John, it is stated, "As he was now going down, his servants met him." His whole route from Cana, according to the position of the place now so called, was, in fact, a continual descent towards Capernaum.

(497) Cana of Galilee has been confounded with Sepher Cana, or Cana Major, in the territory of the tribe of Asher: hence the discordant accounts given by Adrichomius, Aranda, and others, concerning its distance from Nazareth. Cana Major is mentioned, as the inheritance of the tribe of Asher, in the 28th verse of the 19th chapter of the book of Joshua, together with Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon. Cana of Galilee, [John ii. 1.] is often called Cana Minor. St. Jerom describes it as near to Nazareth: "Haud procul inde, [id est a Nazareth,] cernetur Cana, in qua aquæ in vinum verse sunt." Hieron. tom. I. epist. 17, ad Marcellam.

(498) John ch. ii.

(499) A tradition relates, that at this spring St. Athanasius converted Philip. We were thus informed by the Christian pilgrims who had joined our cavalcade'; but it was the first inteligence we had ever received, either of the meeting, or of the person so converted.

66

(501) Nicephorus gives an account of it, and says it was built by St. Helen." Mariti's Travels, vol. II. p. 171. Lond. 1791.

(502) "And there were set there six water-pots of stone, after

the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece." John ii 6.

(500) Luke vi. 1. Matth. xii. 1. Mark ii. 23.

(501) Small reservoirs for containing water, of great antiquity, some in the form of basons, appeared in these caverns.

(502) We afterwards ate bread which had been thus baked, in a camp of Djezzar's troops, in the Plain of Esdraelon; and the first Lieutenant of the Romulus frigate ate bacon so dressed in Aboukir.

(503) See the observations which occur in p. 667, of the First Part of these Travels, vol. I. second edition. It was in consequence of a journey upon the Rhine, in the year 1793, that the Author first applied the theory of crystallization towards explaining the formation of what are vulgarly called basaltic pillars; an appearance common to a variety of different mineral substances, imbedded in which are found Ammonites, vegetable impressions, fossil wood, crystals of feldspar, masses of chalcedony, zeolite, and sparry carbonate of lime The Author has seen the prismatic configuration, to which the term basaltic is usually applied, in common compact limestone. Werner, according to Mr. Jameson, (Syst. of. Min. vol. I. p. 372,) confines basalt to "the floetz Trap formation," and, [p. 369. ibid.] to the concretionary structure; alluding to a particular substance, under that appellation. Count Bournon, [see Note 3. p. 667. Part I.] considers the basaltic form as the result of a retreat. This is coming very near to the theory maintained by the Author; in furtherance of which, he will only urge as a more general remark, that "all crystals are concretionary, and all columnar minerals crystals, more or less regular, the consequences of a retreat."

(504) The town gates of Cologne are constructed of stones having the form commonly called basaltic, and similar substances may be observed in the walls.

(505) See the account published by the Abate Fortis, "Della Valle Di Ronca nel territorio Veronese," printed at Venice in 1778.

(506) See "Memoria de' Monti Colonnari di S. E. il Signor Cava liere Giovanni Strange," printed at Milan in 1778, for a beautiful representation of this Causeway; engraved by Fessard, from a drawing by De Veyrenc. Also the representations given in the LXIst volume of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Tab. 19. p. 583, &c.

(507) See the numerous other instances mentioned by Jameson, [Syst. of Min. vol. 1. p. 372. Edin. 1804,] in stating the geographical situation of Basalt; a vague term, as he properly expresses it, which ought to be banished from mineralogy: it is in fact applied to any substance which exhibits the phænomena of crystallization upon a large scale, whenever the prisms are large enough to be considered as columns.

(508) Commonly called Siberian Beryl, and Peruvian Emerald. Hany, Patrin, and others, have shown the impropriety of separating these varieties of the emerald. Some consider the colouring principle as sufficient to distinguish them, which is the oxide of iron in the Asiatic emerald, and that of chromium.in the American But it should be observed, that the emerald of Peru does not always contain chromium; neither is it yet known that it does not contain iron. The Author has specimens of the Peruvian emerald, white and limpid as the purest rock crystal What then becomes of a distinction founded upon colour? Patrin pre

1

1

serves the names of emerald chrysolite, and aigue marine, as applicable to the Siberian mineral; but he says, "Ces gemmes ont la meme forme cristalline, la meme pesanteur specifique, la meme durete que l'emeraude du Perou; elles contiennent la meme quantite de glucine; elles ont encore la double refraction de l'emeraude Elles n'en differ. ent dont que par la couleur ; et l'on a vu par l'exemple du rubis d'Orient combien la couleur; est nulle aux yeux du naturaliste." Hist. Nat. des - Min. tom. I. p. 23. Paris, An. 9.

(509) "Je fis une remarque a cetie occasion; c'est que ces gemmes, qui deviennent si dures, etoient singulierement friables au sortir de leurs gites: plusieurs gros prismes se briserent entre mes mains" Hist. Nat. des Min. tom II p 32 It is the same with the common flint, which when first taken from a bed of chalk, some times breaks in the hand, and is penetrated with visible moisture. This is also the case with regard to the Hungarian opals; the workmen often expose them to the sun, before they venture to remove them.

(510) "Il offre un accident remarquable, et que j'ai observe le premier dans ces gemmes; c'est que ses extremites, au lieu d'etre planes, ont une saillie arrondie comme les basalts articules. Cet accident se rencontre egalment dans les emeraudes et les aigues-marines de la meme montagne. J'en ai des exemplaires de toutes les nuances qui offrent ces articulations, soit en relief, soit en creux." Hist. Nat des Min. tom. II. p. 28.

(511) "J'en ai plusieur echantillons, on l'on voit, quand on les regarde contre le jour par une de leurs extremites, des hexagones concen. triquies, qu'on distingue quelquefois jusque vers le centre du prisme : ces hoxagones sont formes par les lames qui ne sont appliquees successivement a chacune de ces faces." Hist. Nat des Min. Tom. II. p. 31.

(512) The mineralogical reader may add to this a remarkable fact, recently communicated to the Author by the Rev. James Lambert, of Trinity College, Cambridge. The radiating pillars upon the coast of St. Andrew's, in Scotland, bearing the name of the Spindle Rock, is nothing more than a spheroidal mass, which has occupied an orbicular cavity, after the manner wherein zeolite is exhibited in porous aggregates; and it is crystallized in pris:ns diverging from a common centre, like the minuter radiating fibres of zeolite, carbonated lime, &c. &c. in amygdaloidal rocks. The Author has witnessed a similar appearance, upon as large a scale, in the Isle of Canna, in the Hebrides. The magnitude of certain phaenomena of crystallization sometimes leads the mind to doubt the nature of the process whence they have resulted. Saussure's polished mountain, near St. Bernard in the Alps, is an instance of this kind. We are at no loss to explain the cause of lustre on one of the lateral planes of a small crystal, but cannot so readily conceive that the side of a mountain may have been thus modified.

(513) The Reader will find only the new species described here. I. A new species of Heliotrope, which we have called HELIOTROPIUM HIRSUTUM. This was found near Cana. Heliotropium foliis latoovatis, plicatis integerrimis, pilis depressis hirsutis; spicis subsolitariis, pilis patulis hirsutissimis. Planta humilis ramosa; rumi patentes, hirsuti. Folia petiolata vix pollicaria ; peteoli semi pollicares. Spica unilaterales pedunculate 2. ad 3. pollices longae. Flores pedicellati