What do you mean by Relative Pronouns ?

Relative Pronouns are words that refer, or relate to an antecedent, i. e. to fome Subftantive used in the former part of the fame fentence.

Which are the Relative Pronouns ?

The Relative Pronouns are who, which, that. Ex.

The word what, is a compound relative, including both the antecedent and the relative, as "this is what I wanted," i. e. the thing which I wanted. What is improperly applied to the plural; it is better to fay, thofe which I wanted.

Whofe is fometimes ufed as the Genitive of which, efpecially in poetry.

Who, whom, and whofe refer to perfons only, which to things; as, "I ought to love the friend who has done me a kindness, though she be fometimes guilty of faults which I disapprove."

Who, which, and what, are ufed in afking queftions; as, Who is the? What will the have? Which is ufed with respect to objects of every kind; as, which perfon is it; which animal, or which thing shall I have; in any other cafe but as a queftion, to apply which to perfons is improper.

That refers both to perfons and things; as, The perJon that (or whom) I fent; the thing that (or which) you afked for, is not to be found.

Are there not fome words derived, or that come from the Pronouns who, which, and what?

Yes:

Yes: the Pronouns whoever, whosoever, and whatfoever, which being compounded of who, which, or what, and ever or foever, follow the rule of their primitives, but they are feldom used.

Which are the demonftrative Pronouns ?

This and that, are called Demonftrative Pronouns, because, when we make use of them as fuch, we, as it were, point out the thing that we speak of.

How are they declined?

This makes thefe, that makes thofe, in the plural number.

Which are the Definitives?

Other, any, none, fome, one: they are called Defi. nitives, because they do not fupply the place of the Nouns, but only ferve to ascertain those to which they either refer, or are joined.

How are thefe Pronouns used?

Other may be joined either to a Singular or Plural Noun. Others is never ufed but when it refers to a preceding Subftantive: Example, I do not like this book; have you any other? (i. e. any other book) I have not given you the fame gloves but others; (i. e. other gloves.)

Another, being only an other, has no plural.

Any is ufed in oppofition to none; as, I want fome pens; have you ANY? I have NONE? i. e. not any.

Some is often ufed abfolutely for fome people. Some is ufed in contradiftinction to others; as, "Some of the Scholars were reading, others, (i, e. other scholars) were writing.'

One,

One, ufed in an indefinite fenfe, like the French on, is never joined but to the third perfon fingular of a Verb; as, One is apt to think fo; one knows not how to determine; one's own opinion.

One has fometimes a plural number: Ex. The great anes of the world (i. e. the great men of the world). Where are the little ones? fi.e. little children.) It is then used as a noun.

Which are the Diftributive Pronouns ?

The Diftributive Pronouns are each, every, either. They are called Diftributive, because they divide the perfons or things that make up a number; as, "Each of her books, Either will do, Every man has his faults."

Each, every, either, agree with nouns, pronouns, and verbs of the fingular number only.

Either is fometimes a Conjunction.

Are there not fome words that are fometimes joined to Pronouns ?

Yes; own, (a Subftantive) is added to the Poffeffive Pronouns; as, "It is my own book," or the book particularly belonging to me. It makes the expreffion more emphatical, and implies contrariety or oppofition, as, "I live in my own house," i. e. not in an hired houfe.

Self, a Subftantive, is united both to Perfonal Pronouns, as myself, himself, herfelf, and likewife the Neuter Pronoun it, as itself.

Self is always added to Perfonal Pronouns, when they are used recíprocally, i. e. return upon themfelves; as, "I did not hurt HER; he hurt HERSELF; fhe praifes HERSELF."

Self adds force and emphafis to the Pronoun with which it is compounded; as, " I did it MYSELF (7. c.) no other perfon did it.

Self is added to Perfonal Pronouns of the fingular number, felves to the plural. Ourfelf is ufed in the regal ftile; as, in the royal proclamations,

"We OURSELF will follow." Shakespeare. Ourselves is the plural of myfelf.

Self is fometimes added by way of emphafis; as, We OURSELVES will go.

I MYSELF.

Is the word that always a Pronoun?

No; it is fometimes a Conjunction.

But when you can change that into who or which, or whom, and preferve the fenfe, the word that is a Pronoun Relative. Ex.

I love a girl THAT (or WHO) is diligent.

The book THAT for WHICH) Ifend is amufing.

The girl THAT (or WHOм) I farw is very amiable.

saw

When the word that is oppofed to this: as, "Will you have THIS or THAT?" and ufed to point out any perfon or thing, it is a, Demonftrative Pronoun; but when used as in this fentence," Take care that every day you well employ," it is evidently a Conjunction.

INCIDENTAL

INCIDENTAL REMARKS relating to PRONOUNS.

PRONOUNS Perfonal, must agree with one another in a sentence; as, thou must be followed by thy and thine, and not by you and your.

Ex. "Thou, and thy son, and thy daughter;"

"Doft thou not perceive that all will be thine?” If thy lead, then thou must follow:

Ex. Thy fifter came to fee thee, whilst thou waft out."

You and yours muft always follow you; as, “You and your family, and all that is yours.'

If your lead, then you must follow; as, "Your memory is good, but you do not exercife it."

I and any other perfon is equal to Wε, ift. per. plu. Ex. "I and he will go;" i.e. "We will go."

Ye,

Thou and another, to
He, She, It, and another, to They,

2d. per. plu. 3d. per. plu. Every Relative Pronoun must have an Antecedent to which it refers; either expreffed or understood: as, "Who fteals my purse, steals trash;" i.e. the man who steals. See page 20.

The Relative is always of the fame Number and Perfon with its Antecedent, and the Verb agrees with it accordingly; as,

"I that speak in righteousness;"

"The fruits which are produced;"

"That shepherd who first taught;"

"She who is diligent deferves to be rewarded."

The