Locke: Political Essays

الغلاف الأمامي
Cambridge University Press, 1997 - 409 من الصفحات
We know more about the development of John Locke's ideas than we do about almost any other philosopher's before modern times. This book brings together a comprehensive collection of the writings on politics and society that stand outside the canonical works which Locke published during his lifetime. In the aftermath of the Revolution of 1688 the three works by which he is chiefly known appeared: the Two Treatises of Government, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, and A Letter Concerning Toleration, and the themes raised in these works had been reflected upon over many years. Mark Goldie's edition makes possible the fullest exploration of the evolution of Locke's ideas concerning the philosophical foundations of morality and sociability, the boundary of church and state, the shaping of constitutions, and the conduct of government and public policy.

من داخل الكتاب

المحتوى

Second Tract on Government c 1662
54
Essays on the Law of Nature 16634
79
An Essay on Toleration 1667
134
The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina 1669
160
An Essay on the Poor Law 1697
182
Verses on Cromwell and the Dutch War 1654
201
Verses on Queen Catherine 1662
209
Adversaria A c 1670?
215
Understanding 1677
260
Marriage 1679
273
Virtue B 1681
287
Ecclesia c 1682
291
Pacific Christians 1688
304
Ethica A 1692
318
Punitive Justice 1695
339
Extract from Draft B 1671 of Human
359

Trade 1674
221
Philanthropy 1675
225
Atheism 1676
245
Extract from Critical Notes on Stillingfleet 1681
372
Bibliography
388
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نبذة عن المؤلف (1997)

John Locke's works of political and social philosophy, written in the 17th century, have strongly influenced intellectuals ever since - including the founders of the United States of America. Born in 1632 in Wrington, England, Locke studied at Christ Church, Oxford, where he earned his B.A. and M.A. degrees in the late 1650's. He also studied medicine and earned a medical license. His studies led to an interest in contemporary philosophers influenced by science, such as Rene Descartes. Locke read widely among them while teaching at Christ Church over the next few years. In 1667, Locke became personal physician and adviser to Anthony Ashley Cooper, who later was appointed Earl of Shaftesbury. Through Shaftesbury's patronage, Locke earned some government posts and entered London's intellectual circles, all the while writing philosophy. He was one of the best-known European thinkers of his time when he died in 1704. In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690), Locke established the philosophy of empiricism, which holds that the mind at birth is a blank tablet. Experience, Locke believed, would engrave itself upon the tablet as one grew. He felt humans should create theories according to experience and test them with experiments. This philosophy helped establish the scientific method. Locke codified the principals of liberalism in "Two Treatises of Government" (1690). He emphasized that the state must preserve its citizens' natural rights to life, liberty and property. When the state does not, Locke argued, citizens are justified in rebelling. His view of liberalism comprised limited government, featuring elected representation and legislative checks and balances. While a Christian, Locke believed in absolute separation of church and state, and he urged toleration of those whose religious views differed from the majorities.

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