the Navel; for which last application of the name he could fee no reason. And why? because Galen had already bestowed ant appellation on this kind of Tumour, extremely apt and expreffive, viz. the Hydromphilon. Can any thing be more plain and fatisfactory, or lefs a fubject for cavils? But obferve the mere quibble which the ingenious Mr. Juftamond is pleased to term the force of his argument. Because in explaining the meaning of the word Hydrocele, Mr. Douglas had faid it literally fignified an aqueous fwelling, this Remarker infifts on his having convicted him of an abfurdity, in blaming Arnaud for extending this term to any watery fwelling whatever. By this reasoning, we fee Arnaud could not be cenfured for calling even a diftention of the urinary bladder a Hydrocele.—Admirable Logic!

-

In the fecond Observation, he admits of no degree of comparative illuftration; but if an Author fays one thing is like another, he fagaciously demonftrates that they are not the fame; and proves that Air and Water are poffeffed of different properties; a difcovery to be fure perfectly new !-But paffing over this, and feveral other of his Remarks, which are the mere ineptie of Criticifm, we come to page 10. Here Mr. Douglas and his Antagonist differ as to a matter of fact, viz. Whether in an Hydrocele of the Tunica Vaginalis the Tefticle can be felt? This the experience of every Practitioner may easily determine. Where the tumour is large, the Tunica Vaginalis much diftended, and confequently both harder and thicker than in the natural ftate; (and as no counter preffure can be made in order to fix the Tefticle, altho' it be attached to the Tunica Vaginalis at the lower and back part) it is plain that it will elude the touch, or, in other words, that it cannot be felt. But what is very curious in this paffage, is, the Remarker's endeavouring to prove Mr. Douglas guilty of a contradiction, from these words; "We

likewife fee, from the natural pofition of the Tefticle within "the Tunica Vaginalis, that the Tefticle in this disease will al"ways be found in the inferior and pofterior part of the Tu"mour.". So it certainly will; fo will the Brain be found in the Skull, or the Lungs in the cavity of the Thorax. But does this imply, that either in a found or morbid ftate, they are likewife to be felt? Where then is the contradiction? Mr. Doulas, it is probable, mentions the pofition of the Tefticle, not as a Diagnoftic of the difeafe, but as a Caution to Operators.

Page 13. Here we find abundance of Jargon. We apprehend he may term his apparent Secretions on the Surfaces of Membranes, or Cavities, Tranfudations, if he pleases, and vice verfâ; for does he fuppofe, that there are either any Secretions, or Tranfudations, performed in the human body, without a proper compages of veffels ?

Page

In the fame page he boafts of having convicted Mr. Douglas of an inacuracy, in afferting, that an Afcites can give rife to an Anafarca of the Cord; and profeffes himself at a loss to understand Mr. Douglas's Anfwer, viz. That this effect may be produced from the preffure of the Water only. -We are forry for this Gentleman's want of Understanding in this cafe, and will endeavour to enlighten it.-An Afcites may certainly occafion an Anafarca of the Cord, from obftructing the return of the blood from the Tefticle, by a preffure of the Spermatic Veffels within the cavity of the Abdomen; as the fame cause will produce a fcanty Secretion of Urine, by compreffing the Kidneys and Ureters; or, to illuftrate the fact by another inftance, as a gravid Uterus will occafion oedematous fwellings of the legs in women, by a preffure upon the Iliacs.

Mr. Juftamond's producing the feveral paffages from Winflow, Haller, and Lieutaud, undoubtedly prove the cellular ftructure of the Tunica Vaginalis.-For when an accurate Anatomift defcribes any part fo eafily afcertained by occular inspection, or fimple maceration, a Defcription and a Demonftration become fynonymous terms.

We fhall close thefe Remarks with fome Obfervations on Mr. Juftamond's account of Mr. Douglas's Cafes. The Symptoms. attending thefe, he had before afferted, were moftly dangerous. To prove this, he throws together fuch as appeared to him the moft dreadful, namely thofe of the fourth and feventh Cafes, entirely omitting accidental circumftances, which occafioned fome of them. They are as follow ;-Hot and Reftlefs-Pulfe full and quick-Violent Pain in the Loins-Scrotum gently fwelled-5th day continued feverish-Scrotum fwelled and painful-at night hot-fkin parched-tongue, dry and foul-violent Pain in the Head-Lips of the Wound turnified.-The next are those of the feventh, viz. After the operation Pain in the Loins-Diftention of the Abdomen-second day, Abdomen continues diftended-eleventh day, Reftlefs at night-Pulfe hard and quick-Surface of the Sore dry-Swelled all round and painful-the Tefticle protruded. From the light in which these Symptoms ftrike our Author, it would appear he has not been much verfant in Operations, or in the Treatment of Wounds.

Symptoms fuch as these generally attend every Operation whatever, and their being fo extremely favourable in the other Cafes, is an undoubted recommendation of the method of operating. Our Author may compare the above terrible Symptoms with thofe confequent on a fimple Wound, as clearly enumerated by Dr. Boerhaave.

REV. Aug. 1758.

N

Si

Si in corpore fano, robuftoque factum vulnus in loco vifibili, non irrigata magna quadem Arteria, nec nimis tendinofo, hæc orjuntur Phænomena, fi modo a frigore, aere, ficcatione, vulne ris hiatus defenditur

1. Partes, inter quas caufa vulnerans adacta, fenfim magis magifque a fe mutuo recedunt, licet caufa ablata fit, nifi punctura fuerit parva.

2. Cruor primo cum impetu effluit, dein fenfim fponte fiftitur.

3. Tum crufta fanguinea cavo vulneris innafcitur.

4. Et liquor dilutus, rubellus, tenuis effluit.

5. Tum vero labia vulneris incipiunt rubere, calere, dolere, tumere, retorqueri, fundo interim tumido affurgente, præcipue affurgente adipe in aperturam vulneris, ibidemque cito degenerafcente.

6. Atque eodem tempore febricula cum calore et fiti adeft.

We fhall take notice of another mifreprefentation, in regard to the eighth Cafe, viz. That the discharge of bloody Serum (which Mr. Douglas had fuppofed the effect of low diet) did not come on till two days after the exhibition of Madeira wine, and Tincture of the Bark; whereas Mr. Douglas tells us, that this discharge began the very afternoon the Operation was performed: nourishing things, with the above medicines, being ordered about three days afterwards, probably in confequence of this appea

rance.

The parallel between Mr. Douglas's and Mr. Pott's method of operating, is invidious on the one hand, and fawning on the other. This laft Gentleman's method (however fimilar to Mr. Douglas's) is certainly not intitled to any particular confideration, as he has not thought proper to produce any authentic inftances of its fuccefs.

We have been the more minute in difcuffing this article, as we think it a piece of Justice due to the public, as well as to the memory of an ingenious man, which, we think, is fomewhat unfairly attacked.

I.

A Vin

A Vindication of Commerce and the Arts; proving that they are the Source of the Greatness, Power, Riches, and Populousness of a State. Being an Examination of Mr. Bell's Differtation upon Populoufness, read in the Schools, and honoured with the Lord Viscount Townshend's Prize, by the University of Cambridge. Wherein Mr. Bell's Calumnies on Trade are anfwered, his Arguments refuted, his Syftem exploded, and the principal Caufes of Populofity affigned. With a large Appendix, containing Remarks on that Part of the Eftimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times, which relates to Trade and Commerce. By I M. D. 8vo. 2s. Nourfe.

IT

B

T is much to be lamented, that the Pride of Opinion, and the Obftinacy of the human Heart, fhould prove fuch fatal Obftructions to the Advancement of real Knowlege. But it is the misfortune of men in general, that they rather contend for the fake of Victory than of Truth; and confequently dispute with Acrimony, inftead of arguing with Candour. There are fo few who reason with decency, who are patient of contradiction, and open to conviction, that the Poet might well afk

Whom fhall I find unbiafs'd in difpute,

Eager to learn, unwilling to confute?

It is the more to be regretted, that the Spirit of Controverfy is not properly supported among us, fince the Liberty of the Prefs, fo peculiar to this nation, gives us a diftinguifhed oppor tunity of facilitating the progrefs of ufeful Science. It is fhocking to obferve men of letters attack each other in print, with all the licentious malice of invective, which they would be afhamed, or afraid, to indulge in private converfation. Difputes fo conducted, may beget animofities on both fides, but will never work conviction on either. Taunting language, and farcaftic reflections, may gratify illnatured Spleen, but they add nothing to the force of Argument. A candid and ingenuous Difputant, will argue Fortiter in RE, Suaviter in MODO.

We are forry to obferve, that the Writer before us, is one of thofe illiberal Difputants, who feem rather intent to depreciate the merit of their Antagonist, than to do juftice to their fubject. We may perceive in him, that forward petulance, that frothy vanity, that arrogant confidence, and blind pertinacity, which are the fure Concomitants of a narrow Mind, and fuperficial Understanding.

He has affected to treat Mr. Bell with an air of fuperiority, and has fometimes aukwardly attempted to sport with his arguments;

ments; but the rude familiarity, and the ridiculous levity, nerther of them become our Author, as Mr. Bell appears to be far fuperior to him in learning and genius, and perhaps, at leaft, equal to him in knowlege. His manner is the more unbecoming, as the ability of his Antagonist, joined to the nature and importance of the Enquiry, feem to have demanded a more ferious difcuffion; and he is not only culpable, for having often wantonly displayed unfeasonable levity and ridicule, but he is totally inexcufable for having fometimes, we fear wilfully, perverted his adverfary's meaning, in aid of his own bypothefis.

Mr. Bell, in ansfwer to the Enquiry-What Caufes PRINCIPALLY contribute to render a Nation POPULOUS? obferves, that all external obftacles to the increafe of mankind, though they may appear in many different fhapes, and arife immediately from a great variety of customs and inftitutions, must center at length in one fundamental obftruction.-"The great difficulty men experience in procuring support for themselves and their families ;" and he concludes, that the effectual methods of rendering a na✰ on populous are,

The procuring a great Plenty of every thing requifite to their fupport;

The DIMINISHING the number of their imaginary Wants; The univerfal Encouragement and Increase of Induftry; And the restraining Debauchery, and preferving a due Regard to the Principles of Modefty and Virtue.

His Anfwerer affects to treat this enumeration with great ridicule; and tells us, that Mr. Bell's Differtation is a Panegyric upon Agriculture and a ruftic Life; but explains none of the principal Caufes which render a nation populous.' The learned Writer, fays he, has rather given us a Differtation on this Question, viz. What Caufes principally contribute to promote Propagation, and render a Nation Prolific?

The witty Answerer having given a needlefs definition of the word Populoufnefs, proceeds, with great form and pomp, to trace the principal Caufes which produce it; and which, according to him, may be divided into natural, political, commercial, religieus, and Moral.

The most expeditious means,' fays he, of making a country Populous, is Conquest. If a Prince poflefs a large tract of country, thinly inhabited, the quickest means of peopling • fuch a country is, by tranfplanting and bringing conquered multitudes