Rumor and Gossip: The Social Psychology of Hearsay

Allport and Postman ambiguity condition American American Stock Exchange anxiety appear argued Beatles behavior bogie bogie rumors Boston channel chunnel circulated cognitive collective credibility crisis dayyan death denial distortions effect emergency emotional evidence example excitement experience fact factors GARY ALAN FINE Gordon Allport hearsay Hull House human important individual John Lennon Journal Jung large number Leo Postman libel malicious rumors Mattoon McCartney's motives nature of rumor needs neuron newspaper occur officials operation opinion pattern Paul McCartney rumor person police political racial radio reported result rumor and gossip Rumor Clinic rumor control centers rumor flow rumormongering Schachter and Burdick sharpening Shibutani situation sleeper effect social exchange Social Psychology sociologists spread story tale talk television theory tion tive transmission transmit truth variables verifiers Walter Winchell Watergate wedge-driving rumors World World War II York