It was built of black cypress upon a brick foundation, at the S. E. corner of Broad and Meeting-streets; the site originally designed for it in the model of the town. It was usually called the English Church, or the Church of England, but its distinctive name was "St. Philip." The Journals of the Church are lost, but the name is ascertained by a deed of sale, June 11, 1697, conveying a lot of land on Broad-street, adjoining the Church, "to the Right Honorable Proprietor Joseph Blake, Governor, and his successors, in trust, and for the use of St. Philip's Church, for a yard thereunto forever." It was purchased, pursuant to an order of the General Assembly, and cost £10 sterling. In the early settlement of the town, there was a burying ground, west of Archdale-street, for the general use of the inhabitants.

It was not until November 4, 1704, that Parishes were established by law, when Charles-Town, and Charles-Town Neck, constituted the Parish of St. Philip's.

The Church having begun to decay, and being too small for the increasing population of the town, an Act of Assembly was passed, March 1, 1710–11, for building a new Church of brick. This was erected in Church-street, and is the present St. Philip's Church. The old wooden Church was taken down in 1727. The town was divided into two Parishes, by an Act of Assembly, June 14, 1751. All south of the middle of Broad-street was formed into a separate Parish, called St. Michael's, and its Church was built upon the spot on which the old St. Philip's stood.*

It appears from a deed of gift from William Elliott, dated July 18, 1699, that the Baptist Church was not built until after that period. It states "that the said William Elliott, as well for and in consideration of the brotherly love which he bath for, and doth bear unto the people of the Church of Christ, baptised on profession of faith, distinguished from all others by the name of Antipodobaptists, of which Church he professeth himself a member, as to promote and encourage so good and pious a work as the building a place for the said people to meet and worship," &c. And in a deed of sale, dated Jan. 20, 1701, the bounds of a lot are stated to be "to the northward upon the Baptist Meeting House." The In

The first settlers were of different religious opinions. Some had been educated in the Church of England, while others dissented from its worship, and belonged to other communions. They all, however, retained some respect for religion, and lived in civility and decency. But the restraints of religion soon grow weak unless regularly enforced, particularly in new settlements. This appears to have been the case in Carolina; for among the earliest records of the Province, we find the following in the Journals of the Grand Council, August 24, 1672: "Forasmuch as divers persons in this Province, have of their own accords presumed to retail strong drink, thereby maintaining drunkenness, and idleness, and quarreling, to the great scandal of Christianity, the Grand Council do therefore think fit to declare and order, that whatsoever person or persons shall hereafter presume to retail any strong drink, or keep a tipling house in this Province, without license first had, such person or persons shall suffer such pains or penalties as are appointed in divers statutes made in England touching the same." And " an Act for the observation of the Lord's Day ;" and another "for the suppressing of idle, drunken and swearing persons inhabiting within this Province," were passed by the General Assembly, May 26, 1682.

Great Britain being at war with France, the English in Carolina felt strong prejudices against the natives of that country. The Huguenots had fled from persecution and death at home, and sought an asylum amidst the woods and swamps of Carolina. But here they were treated as aliens and denied the liberty of subjects. Memorials were presented to the Governor, setting forth the reasons which ought to exclude the

dependent, or Congregational Church, was built about 1690. The Calvinistic Church of French Protestants, was built before 1693, and the Quaker Meeting House about 1696. Governor Archdale, a Quaker, promoted the building. He arrived in August, 1695, and published his commission on the 17th of that month. His commission was dated August 30, 1694. The Presbyterian Church was built in 1731, and the Lutheran Church of German Protestants, in 1759.

French from a seat in the General Assembly; and many other occurrences took place, injurious to their feelings and interests. The Grand Council on the 21st of June, 1692, "ordered, that for the better observation of the Lords Day, commonly called Sunday, no person be permitted to be haunting of punch houses, or tipling houses, during the time of Divine Service; and that if any shall be so found tipling or drunk, they shall be imprisoned for twenty-four hours by any Justice of the Peace, who shall be informed of the same on oath, and the constables are required to be careful to see this Ordinance duly executed. And it is further ordered, that the French Ministers, and Officers of their Church, be advised, that they begin their divine exercise at 9 o'clock in the morning, and about 2 in the afternoon, of which they are to take due notice and pay obedience thereunto." The French complained to the Proprietors, who ordered them to be redressed, in their "Instructions to the Governor and Deputies, at Ashley River, in South-Carolina, dated, London, April 10, 1693."

"The French have complained to us, that they are threatened to have their estates taken from their children after their death, because they are aliens. Now many of them have bought the land they enjoy of us; and if their estates are forfeited they escheat to us, and God forbid that we should take the advantage of the forfeiture, nor do we so intend, and therefore, have sent our Declaration under our hands and seals to that purpose, which we will, shall be registered in the Secretary's and Register's Office, that it may remain upon record in Carolina, and be obliging to our heirs, successors and assigns. They also complain that they are required to begin their Divine Worship at the same time that the English do, which is inconvenient to them, in regard that several of their congregation living out of the town, are forced to come and go by water, and for the convenience of such, they begin their

divine worship earlier or later as the tide serves, in which we would have them not molested. They complain also, that they are told the marriages made by their Ministers are not lawful, because they are not ordained by some Bishop, and their children that are begotten in such marriages, are Bastards. We have power by our Patent to grant liberty of conscience in Carolina. And it is granted by Act of Parliament here, and persons are married in the Dutch and French Churches by Ministers that were never ordained, and yet we have not heard that the children begotten in such marriages, are reputed unlawful or bastards, and this seems to us opposite to that liberty of conscience their Majesties have consented to here, and we, pursuant to the power granted to us, have granted in Carolina.

"We desire these things may be remedied, and that their complaints of all kind be heard with favour, and that they have equal justice with Englishmen, and enjoy the same privileges, it being for their Majesties service to have as many of them as we can in Carolina."

As soon as the temper of the Colonists would admit, the General Assembly passed the following Act, March 10, 1696-7:

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An Act for the making aliens free of this part of this Province, and for granting liberty of conscience to all Protestants.

I. "Whereas prosecution for religion hath forced some aliens, and trade and the fertility of this country has encouraged others to resort to this Colony, all which have given good testimony of their humble duty and loyalty to his Majesty and the Crown of England, and of their fidelity to the true and absolute Lords and Proprietors of this Province, and of their obedience to their laws, and their good affections to the inhabitants thereof, and by their industry, diligence and trade have very much enriched and advanced this Colony and settlement thereof; Be it therefore enacted.

&c. that all aliens male and female, of what nation soever, which now are inhabitants of South-Carolina, their wives and children, shall have, use, and enjoy all the rights, privileges, powers and immunities whatsoever, which any person born of English parents within this Province may, can, might, could, or of right ought to have, use and enjoy, and they shall be from henceforth adjudged, reputed and taken to be in every condition, respect and degree, as free to all intents, purposes and constructions, as if they had been and were born of English parents within this Province.

VI. "And whereas several of the present inhabitants of this country did transport themselves into this Province, in hopes of enjoying the liberty of their consciences according to their own persuasions, which the Royal King Charles the Second, of blessed memory, in his Gracious Charter, was pleased to empower the Lords Proprietors of this Province, to grant to the inhabitants of this Province, for to encourage the settlement of the same; Be it therefore enacted, &c. that all Christians which now are, or hereafter may be in this Province, (Papists only excepted) shall enjoy the full, free and undisturbed liberty of their consciences, so as to be in the exercise of their worship, according to the professed Rules of their Religion, without any Let, Molestation or Hindrance, by any Power, either Ecclesiastical or Civil whatsoever: Always Provided, That they do not disturb the Public Peace of this Province, nor disturb any other in the time of their worship."

The American Colonies were placed under the Spiritual care of the Bishop of London, and constituted a part of his Diocess. At the date of the first charter, Gilbert Sheldon, D. D. was Bishop of that See. In 1663, he was translated to Canterbury, and in the month of September, was succeeded in the See of London, by Humphrey Henchman, D. D. At his