without any other pay than the pleasures which usually attend a country frolic. Perhaps, however, what are here called virtues are rather qualities arising from necessity, and the peculiar state of society in which these people live. Virtue should, in all cases, be the offspring of principle.

"I do not pretend to say that this mode of settling farms in Pennsylvania, is universal. I have known some instances where the first settler has performed the improvements of the second, and yielded to the third. I have known a few instances likewise, of men of enterprising spirits who have settled in the wilderness, and who, in the course of a single life, have advanced through all the intermediate stages of improvement, and produced all those conveniences which have been ascribed to the third species of settlers. There are instances, also, where the first settlement has been improved by the same family in hereditary succession, till it has reached the third stage of cultivation. There are many spacious stone houses and highly cultivated farms in the counties lying adjacent to the city of Philadelphia, which are possessed by the great grandsons of men who accompanied William Penn across the ocean, and who laid the foundations of the present improvements of their posterity, in sucli cabins as have been described,"

The inhabitants of Maryland, except in the populous towns, reside on their plantations, often several miles distant from each other. To an inhabitant of a more populous state they appear to live very retired and unsocial lives; and the effects of this comparative solitude are very visible in the countenances as well as in the dress and manners of the country people. They have

but little of that sprightliness of look and action which is the genuine offspring of social intercourse; nor do they pay that attention to dress, which decency and propriety have rendered necessary among people who are liable to receive company almost every day. Unaccustomed, in a great measure, to these friendly visits, they often suffer a negligence in their dress which borders on slovenliness; whilst the disconsolate wildness of their countenances, and the indolence of their whole behaviour bespeak the sad effects of solitude and slavery. And whilst the negroes perform all sorts of manual labour, their masters are left to saunter away their lives in sloth and ignorance.

It is but justice, however, to remark, that these observations apply only to the people in the country, and particularly to those whose indigence or parsimony prevents their mingling occasionally with the more polished part of mankind. The inhabitants of the populous towns are, in their manners and customs, like the people of other states in similar situations.

"That pride," says Dr. Morse," which grows on slavery and is habitual to those who, from their infancy, are taught to believe and to feel their superiority, is a visible characteristic of the inhabitants of Maryland. But with this characteristic we must not fail to connect that of hospitality to strangers, which is equally universal and obvious, and is, perhaps, in part the offspring of it."

Of the inhabitants of Virginia the following character has been given by the Rev. Andrew Burnaby, who travelled through that country between thirty and forty years ago.

"The climate and external appearance of the

country conspire to render the inhabitants indolent, easy, and good natured; extremely fond of society, and much given to convivial pleasures; in consequence of which, they seldom show any spirit of enterprise, or expose themselves willingly to fatigue. Their authority over their slaves renders them vain and imperious, and entire strangers to that elegance of sentiment, which is so peculiarly characteristic of polished nations. Their ignorance of mankind and of learning exposes them to many errors and prejudices, especially in regard to Indians and Negroes, whom they scarcely consider as of the human species; so that it is almost impossible in cases of violence committed upon. those unhappy people by any of the planters, to have the delinquent brought to justice; for either the grand jury refuse to find the bill, or the petit jury bring in their verdict, "not guilty."

"The display of a character thus constituted will naturally be inacts of extravagance, ostentation. and a disregard of economy: it is not extraordinary, therefore, that the Virginians outrun their incomes; and that, having involved themselves in difficulties, they are frequently tempted to raise money by bills of exchange, which they know will be returned protested, with ten per cent interest.

"The public or political character of the Virginians corresponds with their private one: They are haughty and jealous of their liberties, impatient of restraint, and can scarcely bear the thought of being controuled by any superior power, There are but few of them that have a turn for business, and even those are by no means adroit at it. In matters of commerce they are ignorant of the necessary principles that must prevail between

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a colony and the mother country, and think it a hardship not to have an unlimited trade to every part of the world. Upon the whole, however, the same spirit of generosity prevails here which appears in their private character; they never refuse any necessary supplies for the support of government when called upon, and they are a generous and loyal people.

"The women, for the most part, are rather handsome, though not to be compared with our fair country-women in England. They have but few advantages, and consequently are seldom accom plished; which makes them reserved, and unequal to any interesting conversation. They are immoderately fond of dancing, and indeed it is almost the only amusement they partake of: but even in this they discover a great want of taste, and seldom appear with that gracefulness and ease which these movements are so calculated to display.--Towards the close of an evening, when the company are tired with country dances, it is usual to dance jigs a practice originally borrowed from the Negroes. These dances are without any method or regularity: A gentleman and lady stand up, and dance about the room, one of them retiring, the other pursuing, then perhaps meeting, in an irregular fantastical manner. After some time, another lady gets up, and then the first lady must sit down, she being, as they term it, cut out. The second lady acts the same part as the first did, till somebody cuts her out:--the gentlemen perform in the same manner. The Virginian ladies, excepting their amusements, and now and then a party of pleasure into the woods, to partake of a barbacue, chiefly spend their time in needle work and in taking care of their families,

They seldom read or endeavour to improve their minds; but they are, in general, good housewives; and though they have not quite so much tenderness and sensibility as the English ladies, yet they make as good wives and as good mothers as any in the world."

"A spirit for literary enquiries," says another author, "if not altogether confined to a few, is, among the body of the Virginians, evidently subordinate to a spirit of gaming and barbarous sports. At almost every tavern, or ordinary, on the public road there are billiard tables, backgammon tables, cards, and other implements for various games. To these public houses the gambling gentry in the neighbourhood resort, to kill time, which hangs heavily upon their hands; and at this business they are extremely expert, having been accustomed to it from their earliest youth. The passion for cock-fighting, (a diversion not only inhumanly barbarous, but infinitely beneath the dignity of a man of sense, is so predominant, that they even advertise their matches in the public news-papers. This dissipation of manners results from indolence and luxury, which are the fruits of the African slavery."

The inhabitants of North Carolina are, for the most part, planters, and generally reside two or three miles distant from each other on their plantations. They have no ready market for the produce of their country, and but little intercourse with strangers; yet they have a natural fondness for society, which renders them kind and hospitable to travellers. The women are almost entirely destitute of that bloom and vivacity which usually adorn the features of the ladies in the northern states, but they are said to possess a great deal of