engagement. Ludlow, 1649. did not care to run that rifque, knowing, their party was yet too inconfiderable, to hope for new members of their own principles. The house therefore refolved, in order to increase their authority by a greater number of members, to permit all who had fat in the prefent parliament, to refume their places, on condition of figning an inftrument called the They are re-Engagement, by which, "they rejected all conceffions made admitted on by the king in the treaty of Newport; approved of all the condition of 66 proceedings against him; and engaged themselves to be figning an 66 true and faithful to the commonwealth, as established " without king or houfe of lords." By this engagement were excluded all the royalifts, and the prefbyterians, who were the most rigid obfervers of the covenant. But however, a good number of the latter figned, and took their seats in the house, being either lefs fcrupulous than their brethren, or byterians. in hopes to recover fome influence in the parliament. Notwithstanding, those who were known to be moft incenfed against the independents, were excluded by the committee. Edmund Ludlow, a member of this committee, freely owns in his memoirs, that an expedient was found to admit ont. I. p. 292. ly thofe, from whom it was believed, there was no danger k t. I. p. 292 Whitelock, P. 383. Which is figned by many pref Ludlow, takes the The prince The prince of Wales received at the Hague the melanof Wales choly news of the tragical death of his father, and immedititle of king, ately affumed the title of king, being then eighteen years of Feb. age. Within two or three days, the ftates general, the ftates Clarendon, of Holland, and the minifters of the Hague', paid him their III. p. 215. Establishes compliments of condolence. He caufed those of his father's a council. council, who attended him, to be sworn of his privy counId p. 216. cil, with the addition of only one perfon ". He had no Is called by fooner established his council, than he received a letter from into France. the queen his mother, who, after expreffions of her extreme affliction, advised him to retire into France, and form no council till fhe had spoke with him, but her advice came too late. Probably, the queen designed to govern her fon, as the the queen k To fupport their authority, the powers in being ordered, that there should be twenty eight thousand horse and foot kept up in England, and twelve thousand in Ireland, whose pay fhould be 80,000 l. a month. Whitelock, p 386. The body of the clergy in a Latin oration delivered by the chief preacher of the Hague, lamented the misfortune in terms of as much afpe had rity and deteftation of the actors, as unworthy the name of christians, as could be expressed. Clarendon, tom. III. p. 216. For which reafon perhaps the ftates inhibited their ministers from infifting upon matters of state in their pulpits, and particularly not to meddle with England's, or other kingdoms proceedings. Whitelock, p. 392. Mr. Long his fecretary. treated in whither to had governed his father, though the power of the new king 1649. was infignificant. His condition was deplorable, not having wherewithal to maintain his houfhold, or any table but that of the prince of Orange his brother-in-law, and subsisting entirely by his affiftance, which too could not laft very long. The ftates of Holland, foreseeing the parliament would Is coldly fhortly follicit the king's removal out of their dominions, › Holland. would have been very glad to be freed, by his voluntary re- Clarendon, treat, from the neceffity of defiring him to depart. Some of III. p. 216, the states deputies were even of opinion, to prevent the defires of the parliament. The king was informed of this dif pofition, and wifhed to be gone, but knew not whither. Knows not He had been ill received in France whilft his father was alive, and had no reafon to expect a better reception. He go. knew too well the queen regent and cardinal Mazarin, to imagine, they would prefer his friendship to that of the new commonwealth of England. So, though he had refolved to withdraw into France, it could have been but for a very short space. On the other hand, he had no great inclination to be with the queen his mother, knowing, she would hold him in a fort of fervitude, which he could neither brook, nor avoid without a quarrel. Ireland alone feem- He refolves upon Ireland ed to promise him an honourable retreat, by reason of the Ibid. fituation of affairs in that kingdom, which it is neceffary to defcribe. tion of Ire In the year 1646, the marquifs of Ormond, by exprefs The condiorders from the king, concluded a peace with the Irish rebels, land. in hopes of receiving fufficient forces to drive from that Rushworth, ifland the English parliamentarians and the Scots. But how- VI. p. 401, ever advantageous this peace was to the catholick religion, Phillips. the pope's nuntio did not think fit to consent to it. The Bates. pretence was, that the catholicks found in it neither fufficient R. Coke. advantages, nor fecurity. But the true reafon was, that by this peace he would have loft all his credit, fince the marquifs was to be acknowledged governor by the Irish. He caballed therefore with fuch fuccefs among the people, that, not only they deferted the marquifs, but alfo by their infults obliged him to retire to Dublin, unprovided of every thing to defend that capital, which they were preparing to befiege. In this extremity, he chofe rather to deliver Dublin and Drogheda to the parliament, than fee them fall into the Cox, pt. II. hands of the rebels. He capitulated therefore with the parliament, and furrendered these two places to colonel Jones, Appendix, who took poffeffion the 17th of June 1647. After that the P. 137. marquifs withdrew into England, where he had frequent III. p. 742 leave &c. 2 Clarendon, 1 1649. Rushworth, leave to visit the king, then a prifoner of the army, till at laft he was forced to pass into France. After the marquifs had quitted Ireland, the nuntio exercifed a tyranny, which grew intolerable to the Irish. They therefore sent to the queen and prince then at Paris, that they were difpofed to thake off the nuntio's yoke, and if the marquifs of Ormond were fent to them with a fupply of arms and ammunition, they would put him at the head of an army capable of expelling all the king's enemies out of the ifland. The nuntio had notice of this plot, and excommunicated the authors; but for this once, he proved not the ftrongest. He was forfaken by all his adherents, and even forced to ask as a favour, the liberty to withdraw. The marquifs of Ormond long waited at Paris for the performance of a promise made him by the cardinal, of a fupply of money, arms and ammunition. But finding at laft, he was only amufed, he departed without any affiftance, and arrived in Ireland the beginning of October 1648. Three 1297, 1312. months after, he concluded a new treaty with the grand council of the Irish affembled at Kilkenny ". At the fame P. 197, &c. time the procefs was forming in England against the king. Ludlow. But this peace was not general. Owen Roe O Neal, who Whitelock. commanded in Ulfter, rejected it, becaufe, as he pretended, Clarendon, it was not advantageous enough to the catholick religion. III. p. 232. Much time was spent to gain him, without fuccefs. At laft, Boriafe, Bates. the marquifs of Ormond, not to lofe the opportunity of making progress in Ireland, while the parliament was erecting their new commonwealth, refolved to take no farther notice of O Neal, but act fingly with the army which the coun13. p. 216. cil of Kilkenny had at their difpofal. He put himself there Bates. Borlafe, fore at the head of that army, and advancing towards DubP. 213, &c. lin, took Dundalk, Newry, Trim, Drogheda, and fome other Towns and castles, which facilitated his intended fiege of Dublin. On the other hand, prince Rupert, admiral for the king, being purfued by the parliament's flect, put into Kingfale, where he was fecure, and in a condition to favour the marquifs of Ormond's defigns. This difpofition of affairs made the king judge thatIreland was a convenient retreat, where at the head of an army, he might make himself master of Dublin, and then of the whole ifland. After which he hoped, that with his Irifh fuccours and his friends in EngJand, he might recover his throne, But news from Scotland made n This treaty is to be met with in Bates's Elenchus Motuum, p.145, and was very advantageous to the Roman catholicks. Rapin. 15 made him fufpend his refolution of going to Ireland. And 1649. this it will be neceffary to explain. Since Cromwell's expedition into that kingdom, after the Affairs of defeat of duke Hamilton, the face of affairs was entirely Scotland. changed. The marquifs of Argyle, with all the rigid cove Id. p. 218. nanters who opposed the war againft England, had regained P. 348, &c. the advantage they had loft. The new parliament had de- Burnet's clared incapable of all employments, thofe who were con- Mem. cerned in the engagement formed by duke Hamilton, and the whitelock. kirk had excommunicated them: fo that they were confidered as enemies of God and the state. Of this number were William earl of Lanerick, brother of duke Hamilton, the earl of Lautherdale, and many others, who formed a faction, which I fhall call Hamiltonian, and which was entirely crushed. By this revolution Scotland remained united with England, fo long as the English parliament continued prefbyterian, that is, to the 6th of December 1648. The revolution in England, upon the army's expelling the prefbyterian members from the parliament to leave only independents, changed the interefts of Scotland. The independents mortally hated the Scots on account of their attachment to the covenant, and these again looked upon the independents as enemies, no lefs formidable than the royalifts. This might have funk the credit of Argyle, which partly fubfifted upon his friendship with Cromwell and Vane, the chiefs of the independents. But the Scots had a confidence in him, becaufe in religion he was an approved prefbyterian, though in politicks he leaned to the republican scheme. When the parliament of England had erected a court of justice for the trial of the king, the Scots found themfelves extremely embarraffed. To fuffer the independents to remain maiters of England after the death of the king, which was vifibly their defign, could not but be very difadvantageous to them. They perceived, that a parliament fo compofed would difregard Scotland, and infallibly ruin the covenant between the two kingdoms, which it was of the utmoft importance for the Scots to maintain, because the prefbyterians might poffibly one day recover the ground they had loft. But on the other hand, they could not take up arnas for the king without manifeft danger. After their late lofs, they were hardly able to raise another army to fight the independents; and though they had done it, they would not have faved the king's life. They therefore refolved to fhew the English and all Europe, that they highly difapproved the 1649. the proceedings of the parliament of England, which was all they could do on that occafion. Clarendon, Id. p. 220. P. 379. Pursuant to this refolution, commiffioners were sent to III. p. 218. London, where they arrived the beginning of January 1648-9, and prefented a memorial to the parliament, fetting forth the reasons which ought to divert them from their purpose of trying the king. But this memorial produced no effect. At laft, after the king had been twice brought before the high court of justice, they gave in their proteftation, in The Scots which they put them in mind, "That they had, near three protestation. 4 weeks before, reprefented to them, what endeavours had Whitelock, "been used for taking away the king's life, and for the change "of the fundamental government of the kingdom, and in"troducing a finful and ungodly toleration in matters of re"ligion; and that therein they had expreffed their thoughts, "and fears, of the dangerous confequences that might fol"low thereupon; and that they had also earnestly preffed, "that there might be no farther proceeding againft his majefty's perfon, which would certainly continue the great diftractions of the kingdom, and involve them in many. "evils, troubles, and confufions; but that by the free coun"fels of both houfes of parliament of England, and with the "advice and confent of the parliament of Scotland, such "course might be taken in relation to the king, as might "be for the good and happiness of both kingdoms; both "having an unquestionable and undeniable right in his "perfon, as king of both; which duly confidered, they had "reason to hope, that it would have given a ftop to all "farther proceedings against his majefty's perfon. But now "understanding, that after the imprisonment and exclufion "of divers members of the house of commons, and with out and against the confent of the houfe of peers, by a fingle act of their own, and theirs alone, power was 66 given to certain persons of their own members of the ar66 my, and fome others, to proceed against his majesty's per"fon, in order whereunto he had been brought before that "extraordinary new court; they did therefore, in the name "of the parliament of Scotland, for their vindication from "falfe afperfions and calumnies, declare, that though they 66 were not fatisfied with his majesty's late conceffions in the <s treaty at Newport, in the Isle of Wight, especially in the "matters of religion, and were refolved not to crave his re"ftoration to his government, before fatisfaction should be "given by him to that kingdom; yet they did all unani moufly with one voice, not one member excepted, disclaim "the |