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reside at Paris; regarding it as the centre of the learned world, be judged it the most proper of all other places to propagate his doctrine: he therefore repaired to that capital in 1807, where his great reputation had already preceded him. And here we may remark that, although Dr. Gall's lectures had been interdicted at Vienna in 1802, by command of the Government, it may be interesting to know that the expense of publishing the great work of Gall and Spurzheim, at Paris, in 1810, was guaranteed by Prince Metternich, at that time Austrian Minister at the Court of France. He had previously attended several courses of Dr. Gall's lectures, consulted him as his physician, and remained attached to him up to the time of his death.

The object which Gall proposed was to dissipate the void which existed in physiology and philosophy relative to the situation of the intellectual faculties of man; and, notwithstanding the knowledge of the ancients, and the hitherto received notions which science had taught, yet still its fundamental notions, not by any means perfect, were far from that degree of scientific precision to which the observations and genius of Gall have conducted us; and, although in the history of science the first ideas of the system may have been discovered, yet still it must be allowed that all the proofs belong to him, as well as the conservation of all the great truths which were brought forth in evidence.

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The immense labours of Lavater were well calculated to draw the attention of the curious to the subject, and to apply to the part of the head those observations which he had made on the face and on the frontal region. Our knowledge of the exterior appearances of the head was yet very imperfect and vague, and those who supported the possibility had not the means of demonstrating it; and the form of the head of those pretended connoisseurs, like the facial lines of Lavater, seemed rather coincidences than the necessary connexions between physics and morals. Gall collected these fugitive ideas, and finally imprinted on them a scientific form; and from which has resulted a system-a system of facts, a series of observations, enlightened by reasoning, grouped and arranged in such a manner that there necessarily follows the demonstration of a new truth, fruitful in useful applications, and sensibly advancing the progress of civilization, Such is the character of the celebrated system of craniology invented by Gall, and which it may be said his genius dis

[Oct.

tinguished almost instantaneously, although confirmed by the force of immense application; but, starting from this point, the able physiologist laboured incessantly in bis painful task, and consecrated the whole of his life with that indefatigable ardour, of which men of superior minds alone furnish examples ; and although he has not completely succeeded in the difficult enterprise, yet he ought not to be reproached; on the contrary, thanks are due to his memory for the mere attempt; for the service he has rendered to philosophy is immense; he has prepared immortal glory to medical philosophy, in indicating the nature of the study which ought to be pursued to give intellectual physiology all the developement of which it is capable; and moral philosophy itself is much indebted to him, for having diverted it from speculations foreign to its true end, and in which the most trifling prejudice is an incalculable loss of time.

Gall was attended in his lectures by the most distinguished persons in Paris, as well characterized for their learning, as for the eminent dignities they bore in society. The examination of his body took place 40 hours after his death, in presence of several members of the faculty. The exterior appearance of the body presented a considerable falling away, particularly in the face. The skull was sawed off with the greatest precaution. The substance of the brain was consistent, and this organ was firm and perfectly regular. No trace of ossification was remarked in the cerebral arteries, notwithstanding the advanced age of the defunct. The cerebral ventricles were not opened, the brain being expressly ordered to be preserved.

The funeral of Dr. Gall took place at Paris, at the burying ground de l'Est, on August 27, which was attended by a very considerable number of the faculty and learned persons. Three éloges or oraisons funèbres were delivered at the place of interment by Professor BrousBais, Dr. Fossati, and Dr. Londe.

Professor Broussais informs us, that Dr. Gall possessed most of the social virtues, particularly beneficence and good nature, to palliate a certain roughness of character which might wound the susceptibility of delicate persons, although the sick and the unfortunate never had to complain; and indeed the Doctor ought in strict justice to have greater praise, from never having once lost sight in his writings of either decency or moderation, particularly when it is remembered how severely he was attacked in propagating his favourite doctrine,

-1828.]

OBITUARY.-Dr. Raphael Meldola.

DR. RAPHAEL MELDOLA. This distinguished Rabbi, whose death we announced in our last part, p. 572, was equally pre-eminent as a most profound theologian and philosopher, and as a most learned Jewish High Rabbi of the Ancient and Chief Synagogue in England. He was the son of H. Moses Meldola, formerly Professor of the Oriental languages at the University at Paris, and whose literary writings and rabbinical remarks are found in the works Toafot Rehem, Maamar Morde'cai, &c. &c.; was born in the city of Leghorn in Italy, in the year 1754, and was descendant of an ancient and truly respectable family. His ancestors have been great rabbis and learned men for many generations, and in a direct genealogy of twelve we trace to rabbi David,† who was accompanied to Italy by some of the Jews in their expulsion from Toletola in Spain, a period of 347 years. It would be unnecessary for us to give a particular account of the individuals of this family who have distinguished themselves for their rabbinical and general attainments, as their works are before the public, and their congregations throughout Italy, France, Holland, &c. have borne honourable testimony to their reputation and merit. But we cannot avoid recording some of those who have illuminated their age, such as the great Rabbi Samuel Meldola, in the year 1651; who was not only High Rabbi of the congregation at Mantua, but also, through his talents and acquirements, was appointed physician to the Court and Royal Family. Being a wealthy and noble-minded man, he applied his extensive means to the support of a number of students in the University, and contributed greatly to the exaltation of the mental rank of his nation. Another eminent Rabbi was the grandfather of the late Dr. Raphael Meldola, who was at the age of 27 appointed Rabbi at Pisa §, and thence to preside over every congregation in France. He was distinguished as a La

* Here are 8000 Jews, the most magnificent and largest synagogue in Europe, three universities, colleges, &c

+ Dibre David, end of Preface. The Spanish Jews are the true descendants from the tribe of Judah, and the royal house of David; and were settled in Spain from the time of the captivity of the first temple by Nebuchadnezzar.

Vide Dibre David, chap. 54, page 139. Tikun Holam.

§ Vide Preface to his great work Maim Rabim.

GENT. MAG. October, 1828.

377

tin scholar and philosopher, as well as theologian. The other, and the only one we shall further name was the uncle of the late Rabbi, who was Rabbi at Amsterdam, the author of fourteen works, and who lived to the age of 104.

Our Rabbi at an early age exhibited proofs of an extraordinary endowment of mind. After proceeding through à regular course of studies, at the age of 15 he was admitted a member of the first Rabbinical University, where he had the opportunity of associating with the most learned men of the age, and of prosecuting bis inquiries with assiduity. His successive ecclesiastical promotions gave proofs of his early piety and learning, and in the year 1803, after he had received the degree of Rab, or High Rabbi, as it is commonly called, he was further honoured by the appointment of Judge, to try all causes amongst his own people. This distinguished mark of approbation was not only given him by the whole of the University, but with the approbation and sanction of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. In the year 1805, after having been for 30 years destitute of a spiritual head, the Portuguese and Spanish congregations of London made application to the different principal congregations of Europe for a true scientific character to be their chief and ruler. The result was highly beneficial to themselves, for in the person of Dr. Raphael Meldola they found concentred every requisite for his professional duties, and a range of scientific and literary acquirements seldom met with in the same individual. From that period till his death, on the 1st of June last, he continued to perform his pastoral duties with satisfaction to those over whom he presided, and who testified their grief for his decease by the high respect they paid to his remains. He was buried at the old burial ground by his orders at the side of the Rev. Dr. David Netto, M. D. who was Chief Rabbi at London, and died in 1728. Between these two distinguished rabbis there are many points of resemblance. They both prosecuted their studies at Leghorn; were both appointed chief of the same college; were removed to be rabbis of London; enjoyed that distinguished office the same number of years; lived to be of an equal age; "and in their death they were not divided." In their characters too there was a sympathetic union; they both laboured for the dissemination of useful and scientific knowledge,

*This privilege was then exclusively enjoyed by the Jews in Italy.

378

OBITUARY.-Clergy deceased,

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and had to struggle against the preju- His counsel and direction was sought by

dices of their nation.

Dr. R. Meldola was also celebrated for his Sermons as an orator. Rhetoric and eloquence were part of his regular studies, and he maintained his bigh post with great dignity. His great end was the discovery of truth, and the dissemination of scientific and pious instruction amongst his people, and we have read a published letter of his to a friend, D. A. Lindo, esq. which proves his desire

to benefit his nation and increase their respectability in the intellectual and moral character of the world. In his conduct he was humble, never arrogating to himself, or assuming a consequence from, his title of Chief Rabbi; but was more desirous of distinguishing himself by the extent and variety of his knowledge. His acquirements added additional lustre to his title, and Jews and Christians were alike desirous of cultivating his acquaintance and friendship. At an early age he published a valuable and interesting work, called Korban Minhù, a literary comment on and explanation of the service of High Priest, which is read at every synagogue throughout the world on the fast day of Kipoor. After which he published, in 1796, a rabbinical work of great importance, entitled Hupat Hatanim, universally applauded, and wherein he has shewn bis extensive abilities in the mathematical as well as in the rabbinical branches of knowledge. His Sermons on occasion of the death of the Princess Charlotte of Wales, and his late most excellent Majesty, have been published; and the learned Rabbi was honoured with the Royal thanks. Amongst his numerous MSS. are preserved ten complete and valuable works, the true value of which can only be known by good Talmudists. One of them is a complete Jew's Catechism, which, as it is a desirable work for every one of his people, from young to old, will shortly be published by his son and pupil, Mr. David Meldola, who has given proofs of the value and advantage of the general instruction of his learned parent, by the production, from the early age of eleven, of several poetical and other literary pieces, in the true spirit of the Hebrew language; and who has thus characterised his father in the Funeral Sermon delivered at the Synagogue on the occasion of his death:-"His source of delight was derived from the study and practice of righteousness; he was enlightened by a knowledge of the sciences; the liberal study of which he taught, enabled the buman mind truly and fully to appreciate our holy religion.

the Rabbis of our nation, on all subjects of general importance, and on all points of controversy:-yet he was not ostentatious. He sought only the distinction of wisdom, of virtue, and of devotion to the law of bis God."

CLERGY DECEASED.

June 7. In Hertford-street, May Fair, aged 58, the Rev. and. Right Hon. Lord Henry Fitzroy, Prebendary of Westminster, Rector of Barnham and Little Fakenham, Suffolk, and of Toppsfield, Essex; half-brother to the Duke of Grafton. His Lordship was the third son of Augustus-Henry, the third and late Duke of Grafton, K. G. and the eldest child by his Grace's second marriage with Elizabeth, daughter of the Very Rev. Sir Richard Wrottesley, bart. Dean of Windsor. He was of Trinity college, Cambridge, where he was admitted to the degree of M.A. iu 1789, his father then being Chancellor of the University. In 1794 he was presented by his father to the Rectories of Barnham St. Gregory and St. Martin, with Euston annexed; and to that of Fakenham Parva; and in 1798 to that of Toppsfield, by the Crown. He acquired his prebendal stall at Westminster in 1807. Lord Henry married, Oct. 2, 1800, his cousin Caroline, youngest dau. of Adm. Pigot, by Frances, third daughter of the Rev. Sir R. Wrottesley above-mentioned. By that lady, who survives him, his Lordship has left issue a daughter and five sons, Caroline, Henry, Hugh, Augustus, Francis, and George.

June 17. Aged 76, the Rev. Wm. Partridge, M. A. Rector of Stourton, Wilts, and Caundle Marsh, Dorset, and Chaplain to the Duke of Roxburgh. He was presented to both his churches by Sir R. C. Hoare, bart. to Caundle Marsh in 1813, and to Stourton in 182.. As a gentleman he was highly and deservedly respected; and in the discharge of the duties of his holy office he was pious, constant, and sincere.

June 23. At Exmouth, aged 26, the Rev. John Williams, Rector of St. Andrew's, co. Glamorgan, a living in the patronage of the Prince of Wales.

June 25. In Regent's Park-square, aged 62, the Rev. George Ogle, of Purley Park, near Reading. He was of Pemb. college, Camb. B. A. 1788, M. A. 1791.

July 6. At Ham Court, Worc. aged 72, the Rev. Joseph Martin. He was of St. John's coll. Cambridge, B. A. 1780, M. A.

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1828.]

OBITUARY.

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Sept. 22. Suddenly, in York, whither he went to attend the festival, aged 37, the Rev. Thomas Henry Backhouse, Minister of St. Peter's Church, Blackburn, Perpetual. Curate of Lango, and Domestic Chaplain to Lord Howard de Walden. This gentleman, who was brother to the private Secretary of the late Right Hon. G. Canning, was of Pembroke Hall, Camb. B. A. 1811, M. A. 1818, and was presented to the Chapelry of Lango in 1814.

Oct. 22. At Braybrooke Rectory, Northamptonshire, aged 65, beloved and regretted by all who knew him, the Rev. Robert Young, LL. D. twenty-eight years Rector of that parish and of Creaton in the same county. He was educated at Winchester College and at Oriel College, Oxford, where he took the degrees of M. A. 1789, B. and D. C. L. 1800.

DEATHS.

LONDON AND ITS VICINITY. Lately. At Walworth, Eliz. wife of Mr. Thomas Middleton, of the Bank of England. At Capt. Sturt's, R.N. Kensington, aged 79, Tho. Adcock Grindall, esq.

Sept. 1. At Hornsey, aged 28, Mary, wife of John Sweatman, esq. of Berners-st. At Norwood, Frances Augusta, wife of J. Barclay, esq. of Tavistock-place.

Sept. 2. In Connaught-terrace, Mary, wife of Thos. Burningham, esq. of Froyle, Hants.

At Islington, aged 52, Thos. Courtney,

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Sept. 3. At Camberwell, Mr. W. Whitehead, late of Minchinhampton, c. Gloucest.

379 Sept. 8. At Islington, aged 24, Henry Holland Soutzer, esq.

In Upper Marylebone-st. aged 36, James Wm. eldest son of the late Mr. John Brandon, treasurer of Covent-garden Theatre.

Sept. 4. In Thayer-st. Abraham Maling, esq. late of Bury St. Edmund's.

Sept. 5. John Byng Gattie, esq. many years of the Treasury.

In Green-st. Grosvenor-sq. at a very advanced age, Mrs. Fitzgerald.

Sept. 6. In the Old Kent-road, Mary, second dau. of the late John Edw. Longley, esq. of the Stock Exchange.

In the Edgeware-road, Charlotta, wife of E. Saunders, esq. of the Commissariat Department.

Sept. 7. Aged 61, Thos. West, esq. of High-st. Marylebone.

At her son's, in Harpur-st. aged 78, Eliz. Bletsoe, widow of Wm. Payne, esq. of the Ordnance-office.

Sept. 8. Capt. Joseph Boulderson, Master Attendant to the E. I. C.

At Hackney, aged 81, Sarah, relict of Mr. Win. Butler.

In Great Russell-st. aged 87, Nicholas Garling, esq. late of King-st. Holborn.

At Highgate, aged 60, Rebecca, widow of Robert Drake, esq. of Baldwin's-gardens.

Sept. 9. In Connaught-terr. Edgewareroad, Frances, only surviving child of late Jas. Fisher, of Green-st. Grosvenor-sq.

Sept. 10. Aged 64. in Pentonville, Eliz. wife of Edw. Pratten Gore, esq. late of High Holborn.

Sept. 18. In London, aged 70, Joseph Humphry, esq. of Sudbury, Suffolk.

Sept. 19. In Hans-place, Thomas Hopkins, esq.

Aged 19, Mary, youngest dau. of John Benbow, esq. of Lincoln's-ina and Mecklenburgh-square.

In Burton-crescent, aged 73, Robert Anderson, esq.

Sept. 20. In Howland-street, aged 76, George Cates, esq.

At Islington-green, aged 70, Mr. John Hone.

Sept. 22. In Sloane-street, John Watier, esq.

Sept. 23. In Leicester-place, Leicestersqu. aged 54, Heary-Joseph Michele, esq. Aged 14, Mary-Anne, youngest dau. of R. W. Eyles, esq. of Lavender Sweep, Clapham

common.

At Waras House, Hackney, aged 88,Anne, relict of the late Wm. Varty, of Penrith.

Sept. 25. At Lambeth, aged 80, Richard Bower, esq.

Sept. 26. In Jermyn-street, aged 75, Richard Tait, esq.

At St. Anne's-hill, Wandsworth, aged 79, Statira-Fawkner, wife of Robert Smith, esq.

Sept. 28. At Islington, aged 25, Henrietta-Anne, wife of the Rev. John Ayre, and third dau. of the late Rev. Legh Richmond.

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At Hampstead, aged 17, Charles-Richard, eldest son of the Rev. C. R. Pritchett, of the Charter House.

Sept. 29. Aged 66, James Benwell, esq. of Greenwich.

Sept. 30. Aged 14, Robert, the only son of Robert Moser, esq. of Upper Thames str. Lately. Aged 17, Mademoiselle Verrey, daughter of the Swiss confectioner, whose shop in Regent-street was lately overcrowded with persons attracted by her beauty. When the magistrates sent constables to clear the street before the door, some miscreant threw & stone through the window, which struck her, and alarmed her excessively; it occasioned her confinement to her room, and ultimately her premature death.

At her son-in-law's, Jonas Binns, esq. West-end, Hampstead, in her 79th year, Mrs. Rebecca Beaumont, relict of the late Joseph Beaumont, esq.

At an advanced age, at Hampstead, John Heaviside, esq. F. R. S. the celebrated surgeon; of Gower-street, and Geddons, near Hatfield, Herts.

Oct. 2. In Vincent-square, Mary, relict of the late Rev. I. Suelson, of Hendon, Middlesex.

Oct. 6. At Mrs. Hyndman's, Gloucesterlodge, Brompton, aged 71, Mrs. Mary-Anne Beckles, sister to the late John Beckles, esq. Attorney General of Barbadoes.

Oct. 10. In Grosvenor-place, Archibald, only son of Stewart Marjoribanks, esq. M.P. Oct. 12. In Gray's-inn square, H.-W. Temple, esq.

Oct. 13. In Finsbury-square, Hannah Wakefield, wife of Tho. Hancock, M. D.

Oct. 15. In New Broad-street, aged 52, Benjamin Robinson, esq. M. D.

Oct. 18. Aged 80, John Richardson, esq. of Bury-str. St. James's, and Epsom, Surrey. Oct. 19. At Turnham Green, Isabella, wife of Mr. Geo. Robins, of Covent-garden.

BUCKS.-Sept. 28. At Shalstone, Margaret, eldest dau. of the Rev. Joseph Gascoyne Littlehales.

CAMBRIDGESHIRE.-Oct. 10. Mr. John Newby, who had filled the office of Chapel Clerk of Trinity College, Cambridge, nearly half a century.

Oct. 17. At Royston, aged 74, the relict of Hale Wortham, esq.

DERBYSHIRE.-Sept. 11. At Bank-hall, near Chapel-en-le-Frith, aged 77, Samuel Frith, esq. one of the oldest magistrates and deputy lieutenants for the county.

DEVON-Sept. 15. At Collumpton, aged 70, Henry Skinner, esq.

At Heavitree, the lady of Sir Henry Farrington, bart.

DORSET.-At Weymouth, aged 88, John Horsford, esq.

ESSEX.-Sept. 30. In his 75th year, Richard Harvey, esq. of Brentwood, and formerly of the Isle of Wight.

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Oct. 15. Aged 90, Wm. Packer, esq. of, Great Baddow, and formerly of Charlottestreet, Bloomsbury. Mr. Packer was many years in the Brewery now carried on by Messrs. Combe, Delafield, and Co. He possessed a very choice Collection of Hogarth's Prints, whieh on his leaving town he disposed of to the British Museum.

GLOUCESTERSHIRE.-Sept. 12. At Kingsdown, in her 68th year, Sarah, only surviving dau. of the late Rev. Charles Wesley, M. A. of Christ's College, Oxford, and niece of the Rev. John Wesley, founder of the Wesleyan Methodist Society.

Sept. 20. At Downend, aged 58, CharlesMorgan Clayfield, esq. late Captain 19th

reg.

Sept. 22. In her 63d year, Mrs. Jane, widow of the late Charles Ridout, esq. of Bristol.

Sept. 28. At Clifton, aged 58, Septimus Cookson, esq. youngest son of Isaac Cookson, esq. of Whitehill, co. Durham.

At Clifton, aged 52, Wm. Leigh, esq. late of Crewshays House, near Tiverton, Devon.

Oct. 7. At Oddington, aged 18, Eliz. fourth daughter of the Rev. Dr. Edward Rice, Dean of Gloucester.

At Cheltenham, the wife of Edw. Barrett, esq. of Hope-end, near Ledbury, co. Hereford.

Oct. 11.

At Stapleton, aged 84, Capt. Joseph Haynes, R. N.

Oct. 12. At Kingsdown-parade, Bristol, in her 45th year, Cath.-Mary, wife of Edw. Belfour, esq. formerly of Somerset House.

HANTS.-Sept. 17. At Fareham, Mary, eldest dau. of the late Thomas Curry, esq. of Gosport.

Sept. 23. In her 68th year, Anne, wife of Wm. Longman, esq. of Wyke Farm, near St. Mary Bourne.

Oct. 12. At Southsea, Capt. Bristowe, late of the Royal Marines.

HERTS.-Sept. 16. At St Alban's, Johanna, relict of Joseph Graham, esq.

Sept. 28. Aged 90, Isaac Dimsdale, esq. late of Barnet.

Oct. 17. Aged 73, Capt. John Eade, of Bayford-place, Bayford.

KENT. Sept. 25. At Hawley, aged 67, Richard Leigh, esq.

Sept. 27. At Dover, aged 21, Matilda, youngest daughter of J. M. Raikes, esq. of Portland-place.

Sept. 30. At Sandgate, aged 20, LauraLouisa, only dau. of Arnold Wainewright, esq. late of Calcot Lodge, Berks.

Oct. 11. At Lewisham, aged 30, Mr. Benjamin Hoghton, of Waltham Abbey. LANCASHIRE. Sept. 13. At Dunken Hall, Eliz.-Anne, wife of Henry Petre, esq. and eldest dau. of E.-I. Glynn, of Glynn, Cornwall, esq.

At Liverpool, aged 110, Mr. Roger Murphy.

LEICESTERSHIRE.-Aged 82, at Hose,

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