10. Incogitative being cannot

produce a cogitative.

11, 12. Therefore there has been

an eternal wisdom.

13. Whether material, or no.

14. Not material, first, because

every particle of matter is

not cogitative.

15. Secondly, one particle a-

lone of matter cannot be

cogitative.

16. Thirdly, a system of in-

cogitative matter cannot

be cogitative.

17. Whether in motion or at

rest.

18, 19. Matter not co-eternal with

an eternal mind.

8. This certainty is as great

as our condition needs.

9. But reaches no farther

than actual sensation.

10. Folly to expect demon-

stration in every thing.

11. Past existence is known

by memory.

12. The existence of spirits

not knowable.

13. Particularpropositions con-

existence are

cerning

knowable.

14. And general propositions

concerning abstract ideas.

CHAP. XI.

Of the knowledge of the existence

of other things.

SECT.

1. Is to be had only by sen-
sation.

2. Instance, whiteness of this
paper.

3. This, though not so cer-
tain as demonstration, yet
may be called knowledge,
and proves the existence
of things without us.
4. First, because we cannot
have them but by the in-
lets of the senses.
5. Secondly, because an idea

from actual sensation, and
another from memory, are
very distinct perceptions.
6. Thirdly, pleasure or pain,
which accompanies actual
sensation, accompanies not
the returning of those
ideas, without the external
objects.

7. Fourthly, our senses assist

one another's testimony of
the existence of outward
things.

CHAP. XII.

Of the improvement of our

knowledge.

SECT.

1. Knowledge is not from

maxims.

2. (The occasion of that opi-

nion.)

3. But from the comparing

clear and distinct ideas.
4. Dangerous to build upon
precarious principles.
5. This no certain way to
truth.
6. But to

compare clear,
complete ideas under stea-
dy names.

7. The true method of ad-
vancing knowledge, is by
considering our abstract
ideas.

8. By which, morality, also,
may be made clearer.
9. But knowledge of bodies

is to be improved only by
experience.

10. This may procure us con-
venience, not science.
11. We are fitted for moral
knowledge, and natural
improvements.

12. But must beware of hypo-
theses and wrong princi-
ples.

3. The ill consequence of

this, if our former judg-

ment were not rightly

made.

4. The right use of it, is

mutual charity and for-

bearance.

5. Probability is either of

matter of fact, or specula-

tion.

6. The concurrent experi-

ence of all other men with

ours produces assurance

approaching to know-

ledge.

7. Unquestionable testimony
and experience for the
most part produce confi-
dence.

8. Fair testimony, and the
nature of the thing indif-
ferent, produces also con-
fident belief.

9. Experience and testimonies
clashing, infinitely vary
the degrees of probability.
10. Traditional testimonies,
the farther removed, the
less their proof.

11. Yet history is of great use.
12. In things which sense can-
not discover, analogy is
the great rule of probabi-
lity.
13. One case, where contrary
experience lessens not the
testimony.

14. The bare testimony of re-
velation is the highest cer-
tainty.

15. The next is demonstration
by reasoning.

16. To supply the narrowness
of this, we have nothing
but judgment upon pro-
bable reasoning.

17. Intuition, demonstration,
judgment.

18. Consequences of words,
and consequences of ideas.
19. Four sorts of arguments:
first, ad verecundiam.
20. Secondly, ad ignorantiam.
21. Thirdly, ad hominem.
22. Fourthly, ad judicium.
23. Above, contrary, and ac-
cording to reason.
24. Reason and faith not op-
posite.

SECT.

CHAP. XVII.

Of reason.

CHAP. XVIII.

the word reason.

2. Wherein reasoning con-

sists.

3. Its four parts.

4. Syllogism, not the great

instrument of reason.

5. Helps little in demonstra-

tion, less in probability.

6. Serves not to increase our

knowledge, but fence with

it.

7. Other helps should be

sought.

8. We reason about particu-

lars.

9. First, reason fails us for

want of ideas.

10. Secondly, because of ob-

scure and imperfect ideas.

11. Thirdly, for want of inter-

mediate ideas.

12. Fourthly, because of wrong

principles.

13. Fifthly, because of doubt-

ful terms.

14. Our highest degree of

knowledge is intuitive,

without reasoning.

SECT.

tinct provinces.

1. Love of truth necessary.

2. A forwardness to dictate,

from whence.

3. Force of enthusiasm.

4. Reason and revelation.

5. Rise of enthusiasm.

6, 7. Enthusiasm.

8,9. Enthusiasm mistaken for

seeing and feeling.

10. Enthusiasm, how to be-

discovered.

11. Enthusiasm fails of evi-

dence, that the proposition

is from God.

12. Firmness of persuasion, no

proof that any proposition

is from God.

13. Light in the mind, what.

14. Revelation must be judged

of by reason.

15, 16. Belief, no proof of reve

lation.

CHAP. XX.

Of wrong assent, or errour.

SECT.

1. Causes of errour.