19. And next to them, simple stances, not to change the species. a supposition of nature's working always regularly. 21. This abuse contains two 22. Sixthly, a supposition that words have a certain and evident signification. 23. The ends of language: first, to convey our ideas. 24. Secondly, to do it with quickness. 25. Thirdly, therewith to convey the knowledge of 26–31. How men's words fail in 2, 3. First, words without any, 4. Occasioned by learning 33. How in modes and rela- 5. Secondly, are steady appli- speech also an abuse of 7. Logic and dispute have of the remedies of the foregoing 9. This learning very little SECT. ments of knowledge and 3. But yet necessary to phi- 11. As useful as to confound 4. Misuse of words, the cause 12. This art has perplexed re- 5. Obstinacy. 13. And ought not to pass for 7. Instance, bat and bird. 16. This makes errours lasting. formable in substances. 18. V. g. putting them for the 11. Thirdly, propriety. real essences of substances. 12. Fourthly, to make known 19. Hence we their meaning change of our ideas in sub- 13. And that three ways. think every 14. First, in simple ideas by ties of substances, are 22. The ideas of their powers, 15. Secondly, in mixed modes best by definition. 16. Morality capable of de- ledge of spirits. 19. Thirdly, in substances, 26. Fifthly, by constancy in Of the extent of human know- ment. ledge extends itself not to 1. Intuitive. ness. 4. Fourthly, not demonstra- such as particularly we 5. Fifthly, sensitive know- 24. Because of their remote- ther. 25. Because of their minute- therefore, narrower than 26. Hence no science of bo- 7. How far our knowledge 27. Much less of spirits. 8. First, our knowledge of coverable connexion, be- far as our ideas. 29. Instances. 9. Secondly, of co-existence, 30. Thirdly, want of tracing 10. Because the connexion be- 31. Extent in respect of uni- tween most simple ideas versality. 12-14. And farther, because all connexion between any se- Of the reality of our knowledge. lities is undiscoverable. SECT. ideas agree with things. 17. Of spirits yet narrower. 4. As, first, all simple ideas 18. Thirdly, of other rela- do. tions, it is not easy to say 5. Secondly, all complex 6. Hence the reality of ma- 19. Two things have made thematical knowledge. moral ideas thought in- 7. And of moral. capable of demonstration. 8. Existence not required to Their complexedness and make it real. want of sensible represen- 9. Nor will it be less true, or certain, because moral 20. Remedies of those difficul- ideas are of our own mak- ties. ing and naming 21. Fourthly, of real exist- 10. Mis-naming disturbs not the certainty of the know- tive knowledge of our ledge. own, demonstrative of 11. Ideas of substances have God's, sensitive of some their archetypes without few other things. 22. Our ignorance great. 12. So far as they agree with 23. First, one cause of it, want these, so far, our know- of ideas, either such as we ledge concerning them is have no conception of, or real, us. 13. In our inquiries about sub- 2. General truths hardly to be understood, but in ver- ideas, and not confine our bal propositions. species supposed set out truth, and of knowledge. 14, 15. Objection againstachange- known to be true, where ling being something be- the essence of each species mentioned, is not known. 16. Monsters. concerns substances. 2. A right joining, or sepa- istence can be known, so far universal propositions 4. Mental propositions are 11, 12. The qualities, which make 5. Being nothing but joining, stances, depend mostly on or separating ideas, with- external, remote, and un- perceived causes. ther, but that is not know- 7. Objection against verbal 14. What is requisite for our about ideas agreeing to real constitutions, we can 9. Falsehood is the joining of certain propositions con- truth and certainty. SECT. 1. Treating of words, neces- sary to knowledge. 1. They are self-evident. 2. Wherein that self-evidence consists. 3. Self-evidence not peculiar to received axioms. any term. 4. First, as to identity and 7. For this teaches but the diversity, all propositions signification of words. are equally self-evident. 8. But no real knowledge. 5. Secondly, in co-existence, 9. General propositions, con- we have few self-evident cerning substances, are 6. Thirdly, in other relations 10. And why. 7. Fourthly, concerning real riously, is trifling with 8. These axioms do not much 12. Marks of verbal proposi- ledge. in abstract. 9. Because they are not the 13. Secondly, a part of the Of our knowledge of existence. may prove contradictions. ence of things without us. ous about complex ideas. 3. Our knowledge of our own SECT. fused. 1. We are capable of know- ing certainly that there is a God. CHAP. VIII. Of trifling propositions. SECT. 1. Some propositions bring no increase to our know- ledge. 2, 3. As, first, identical propo- sitions. 4. Secondly, when a part of any complex idea is pre- dicated of the whole. 5. As part of the definition of the term defined. 6. Instance, man and palfry. 2. Man knows that he hit- self is. 3. He knows also, that no- thing cannot produce a being, therefore something eternal. 4. That eternal being must be most powerful. 5. And most knowing. 6. And therefore God. 7. Our idea of a most perfect being, not the sole proof of a God. 8. Something from eternity. 9. Two sorts of beings, co- gitative and incogitative. |
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